Okuza kuYina yEvi Sigo okIikalungakiintu yOluvalo

OTO dhimbulula mbela oshikalungakiintu shoka shi li kefo lyokombanda lyoshifo shino? Osho Isis, oshikalunga oshivalakadhi shonale shaEgipiti. Ngele ngoye owe enda nale momuseum nenge wa talatala nale membo li na sha nondjokonona yonale, otashi vulika wa mona nale oshiyelekela shika nenge shimwe she shi fa. Ihe dhiladhila kwaashino: Oto ki isizimikila mbela oshikalungakiintu Isis noku shi galikana?

Ngele ngoye ogwomulimwe lyomomalongelokalunga gUukwakriste, otashi vulika epulo tali monika lya fa ihaali pulwa. Otashi vulika to ka tya kutya oho galikana Omushiti, Ngoka haku tiwa: “Tate yetu megulu.” (Mateus 6:9) Edhiladhilo lyokwiisizimikila oshikalunga oshivalakadhi, ngiika otali tono nayi, netondithi nokuli. Nonando ongaaka, egalikano lya tya ngaaka olya li tali monika apuhe mondjokonona, nongiika ngoye oto ka kukuka ngele ou shi naanaa kutya oolye mboka haa galikana oshikalunga oshivalakadhi oshinene nena.

Ihe manga inaatu shi kundathana, otatu vulu okutala tango ekankameno lyontumba lyaashino mokutala kuunene wegalikano lyiikalunga iivalakadhi methimbo lyonale. Oludhi lwegalikano ndika osha yela kutya olwa li olupe lwonalenale lwomalongelokalunga giifundja. Aalafululi oya lafulula iiyelekelakalunga niimenka yiikalunga iivalakadhi yi li owala momahala gonale shaa mpono muEuropa nokuza miilongo yokooha dhEfuta lyoPokati sigo omuIndia.

Yina yEvi, ngoka ha gandja omwenyo nohe gu kutha po ishewe peso, okwa talika ko oye onzo yomalupe agehe gonkalamwenyo. Ye oha galikanwa omolwuukwatya mboka, ihe oha tilika wo. Petameko opwa li pwi itaalwa kutya oonkondo dhe dhokumona aanona kadha li dhopamilalo. Pautseyingano, ye okwa vala omulumentu He yEgulu nokwa ningi omukiintu gwe. Aahokanathani mbano oya vala iikalunga niikalungakiintu yilwe itaayi vulu okuyalulwa.

Shoka She Mu Fa muBabilon

Mokati kiikalunga mbyoka ya taambwa ko muBabilon, Ishtar oye a li oshikalungakiintu oshinene, nokwa li a faathana naInnanna, oshikalungakiintu sholuvalo shaSumer. Tashi ku mane, osho kutya ye okwa li oshikalungakiintu shiita nosho wo oshikalungakiintu shohole noshomainyanyudho gomomilalo. Membo lye Les Religions de Babylonie et d’Assyrie (Omalongelokalunga gaBabilon naAssiria), omulongwantu Omufulaanisa Édouard Dhorme okwa ti kombinga yaIshtar: “Ye okwa li oshikalungakiintu, omukiintu omuholike, omuvalakadhi omunamutimahenda ngoka ha pulakene komagalikano noye omupokati okuya koshipala shiikalunga iigeyentu nohe yi mweneke. . . . Ye oku vule ayihe, okwa ningi oshikalungakiintu shiikalungakiintu ayihe, omukwaniilwakiintu gwiikalunga ayihe, omuwa gweshito alihe gwiikalunga yegulu noyevi.”

Aagalikani yaIshtar ohaa ti oye “Omukadhona,” “Omukadhona Omuyapuki” na “Omukadhona Omuvalakadhi.” “Egalikano lyOntakumo kuIshtar” lyAasumer nAayakkad otali ti: “Otandi ku galikana, Ngoye Omukiintu Omuholike kaakiintu ayehe, oshikalungakiintu shiikalungakiintu ayihe. Ngoye Ishtar, omukwaniilwakiintu gwiigwana ayihe. . . . Ngoye omutumba gwoonkondo adhihe dhopakalunga, ngoka wa zala oshishani shelelo. . . . Oongeleka nomahala omayapuki otage eta esimano kungoye. . . . Openi inaapu ningwa iiyelekela yoye? . . . Tala ndje, Ngoye Omukiintu gwandje Omuholike, taamba omagalikano gandje.”a

Egalikano lyOshikalunga Oshivalakadhi Tali Taandele

Omutseyiigwana yokUuzilo Édouard Dhorme ota popi kombinga “yetamununomo lyegalikano lyaIshtar.” Olyi ihanena muMesopotamia ashihe, naIshtar mwene, nenge iikalungakiintu yomadhina galwe ihe oyi na omaukwatya ga faathana, oya galikanwa muEgipiti, Fenisia naKanaan, nosho wo muAnatolia (Asia Eshona), Greka naItalia.

Isis osha li oshikalunga oshivalakadhi sha simana shoka sha galikanwa muEgipiti. Omunyoli gwondjokonona H. G. Wells okwa nyola: “Isis okwa hili aagalikani oyendji, mboka ya gandja onkalamwenyo yawo kuye. Iimenka ye oya li ya thikama motempeli, ya zala iishani ngaashi Omukwaniilwakiintu gwEgulu a papata okanona Horus. Omalehite oga li taga pi komeho ye notaga kunguluka, nomahambeleloyambo gezi oga li ge endjelela koaltari.” (The Outline of History) Egalikano lyaIsis olya li li holike noonkondo muEgipiti. Olya li wo lyi ihanene oshitopolwa ashihe shokooha dhEfuta lyoPokati, unenetuu Greka naRoma, nolya adha nokuli nokiitopolwa yaEuropa lyokuuninginino nolyokolundume.

MuFenisia nomuKanaan egalikano lyoshikalunga oshivalakadhi olyu ukithwa kuAshtoret, nenge kuAstarte, ngoka pakupopya a li omukiintu gwaBaal. Ngaashi Ishtar shaBabilon, ye okwa li wo a fa oshikalungakiintu sholuvalo noshiita. MuEgipiti omwa li mwa monika omanyolo gonale moka Astarte a lukwa omukiintu gwegulu nomukwaniilwakiintu gwegulu. Aaisrael oya li ye na okupataneka aluhe enwethomo ewinayi noonkondo lyegalikano lyoshikalungakiintu shika sholuvalo.

Muuningininolundume waAnatolia, Cybele okwa li a fa Ishtar, nokwa li a tseyika oye Omuvalakadhi Omunene gwiikalunga ayihe. Okwi ithanwa wo Omweetipo Gwaayihe, Omupaluthi Gwaayihe, Yina yAalalekwa nuuyamba ayehe. Okuza kuAnatolia eitaalo lyaCybele olya taandele tango muGreka nokuza mpono omuRoma, moka lya kala sigo omokati kEyalulo lyOngashingeyi. Egalikano lyoshikalungakiintu shika olya li lya kwatela mo okututula okunene noonkondo, okwiiyehameka kwaapristeli, okwiithona kwaailongi mboka taa ka ninga aapristeli, nosho wo omalweendo ga simana sho oshiyelekela shoshikalungakiintu shika sha li sha humbatwa.b

Aagreka yonale oya li ya galikana oshikalungakiintu Yina yEvi shoka sha lukwa Gaea. Ihe iikalunga mbyoka ya taambwa ko kuyo konima oya kwatele mo iikalungakiintu mbyoka ya li ya fa Ishtar, ngaashi Afrodite, oshikalungakiintu sholuvalo noshohole; Atena, oshikalungakiintu shiita; naDemeter, oshikalungakiintu shuunamapya.

MuRoma, Venus osha li oshikalungakiintu shohole, nomolwuukwatya mbuka osha li tashi tsu kumwe naAfrodite shaGreka naIshtar shaBabilon. Ihe Aaroma oya li wo ya galikana iikalungakiintu Isis, Cybele naMinerva (Atena gwaGreka), mbyoka ya li hayi ulike ayihe komukalo gwontumba kuIshtar, ngoka e yi fa muBabilon.

Osha yela kutya egalikano lyoshikalunga oshivalakadhi olya kala uule woomvula omayuvi tali dhiladhilitha noonkondo egalikano lya yela lyOmushiti omunene, Jehova. Egalikano lyoshikalunga oshinene oshivalakadhi olya sa po mbela? Nenge opo li li sigo onena? Tsikila alikana nokulesha.

[Omanyolo gopevi]

[Ethano pepandja 3]

ISHTAR gwaBabilon a thanekwa e li onyothi

[Edhina lyomuthaneki] pepandja 3]

Courtesy of The British Museum

[Ethano pepandja 4]

ISIS gwaEgipiti a papata okanona Horus oko oshikalunga

[Edhina lyomuthaneki]

Musée du Louvre, Paris