Ombiimbeli itayi vulu okuyelekanithwa nomambo gomalongelokalunga. Kapu na embo li itaalwa kaantu oyendji ethimbo nuule ngaashi Ombiimbeli. Shimwe ishewe, kapu na embo lya konakonwa nuukeka ngaashi Ombiimbeli nonando aantu otaye yi pe uusama.

Pashiholelwa, aalongwantu yamwe oye na omalimbililo ngele Oombiimbeli ndhoka tu na kunena odha za tuu shili momanyolo gopetameko. Omuprofesoli gumwe gomalongoitaalo okwa ti: “Katu na naanaa uushili ngele omanyolo ngoka tu na oga faathana thiluthilu naangoka gopetameko. Otu na owala Oombiimbeli dhu udha omapuko, ndhoka dha kala nokulundululwa omimvo nomimvo okuza momanyolo gopetameko, nodhindji odha yooloka ko momikalo odhindji.”

Yalwe oya kala ya limbililwa uushili wOmbiimbeli omolwomalongelokalunga moka ya putukila. Pashiholelwa, Faizal okwa li a longwa kuyaandjawo mboka kaaye shi Aakriste kutya Ombiimbeli embo eyapuki, ihe oya kala nokulundululwa. Okwa ti: “Uuna aantu ya hala okupopya nangame kombinga yOmbiimbeli, ohandi kala nde yi limbililwa, molwaashoka kaya li ye na Ombiimbeli yopetameko. Ndjoka ya li ye na oya lundululwa.”

Mbela oshi na ngaa mbudhi kutya nduno Ombiimbeli oya lundululwa nenge hasho? Tala komapulo ngaka: Mbela otatu vulu ngaa okwiitaala omauvaneko omawanawa ge na ko nasha nonakuyiwa ngoka ga popiwa mOmbiimbeli, ngele katu na uushili kutya omo ga li momanyolo gopetameko? (Aaroma 15:4) Mbela oto vulu ngaa okulongitha omakotampango gOmbiimbeli uuna to ningi omatokolo ga simana kombinga yiilonga, yuukwanegumbo nenge yokulongela Kalunga, ngele Ombiimbeli oya nyolwa owala kaantu?

Nonando omambo gOmbiimbeli gopetameko katu ga na, otatu vulu okutala kOombiimbeli dhonale mwa kwatelwa oondhingambo odhindji. Oshe ende ngiini oondhingambo ndhoka dhi kale inaadhi hulithwa po nokuyonuka po pamwe nomanyolo gadho? Ongiini okuhupa kwadho kwa koleke einekelo lyoye li na ko nasha nuushili wOmbiimbeli ndjoka tu na kunena? Tala komayamukulo gomapulo ngoka moshitopolwa tashi landula shi na ko nasha nehokololo lyokuhupa kwayo.

OMAPIYAGANEKO: Oopapilusa nosho wo oopergamendi odho unene dha li hadhi longithwa kaanyoli yOmbiimbeli nokaanyolululi.a (2 Timoteus 4:13) Ongiini iinima mbyoka ya li ya tula moshiponga okuhupa kwOmbiimbeli?

Opapilusa ohayi tuuka, ohayi kanitha olwaala nohayi kulupa wo mbala. Aatseyinawa yiinima yaEgipiti, Richard Parkinson naStephen Quirke oya ti: “Ombapila ndjika ohayi vulu okuninga oondjandjo nontsi. Uuna ya pungulwa, ohayi vulu okuninga oshushi, okulika koombuku nokuupuka wulwe, unene tuu ngele ya fumvikwa.” Oopapilusa dhimwe ndhoka dha ka monika, odha adhika dha dhengwa komutenya, dha ninga oshimuke nodha kulupa.

Opergamendi oya kola yi vule opapilusa, ihe ohayi vulu wo okuyonuka, uuna ya kwatwa uuhethi nenge ya kala yi li pokuma pu na omutenya, oshimuke nenge uupyu.b Opergamendi ohayi lika po kuupuka. Onkee ano, ngele tashi ya koondhingambo ndhoka “osha li oshidhigu okuhupa” ngaashi sha popiwa membo, Everyday Writing in the Graeco-Roman East. Andola Ombiimbeli oya li ya yonuka po, ando netumwalaka lyayo kali po.

NKENE OMBIIMBELI YA HUPU: Ompango yOshijuda oya li ya popi kutya omukwaniilwa kehe na “nyolithe oshifeka shembo lyompango ndjika” momambo gOmbiimbeli gatano gopetameko. (Deuteronomium 17:18) Shimwe ishewe, aanyolululi aanekeka oya li ya nduluka po oondhingambo odhindji methelemumvo lyotango E.N., nomanyolo oga li taga vulu okwaadhika moosinagoga muIsraeli ashihe nomuMakedonia. (Lukas 4:16, 17; Iilonga 17:11) Oshe ende ngiini oondhingambo ndhoka oonkulunkulu dhi kale po sigo okunena?

Omutseyinawa gwEtestamendi Epe, gwedhina Philip W. Comfort okwa ti: “Aajuda oya li ya tseyikila okupungula oondhingambo miiyuma yawo nelalakano lyoku dhi kaleka po.” Osha yela kutya Aakriste oya li ya tsikile noku shi ninga omukalondjigilile. Onkee ano, omambo gamwe gOmbiimbeli oga ka adhika miiyuma yeloya mbyoka ya li ya pungulwa momakololo komahala hoka kwa kukuta.

OSHIZEMO: Yimwe yomiitopolwa oyindji yomambo gOmbiimbeli oya kala ko uule womimvo dhi vulithe po 2000 lwaampono, noko yi li sigo onena. Ombiimbeli oyo owala embo ekulu li na omanyolo ga kala ko ethimbo ele.

OMAPIYAGANEKO: Aanapolotika naawiliki yomalongelokalunga oyendji oya kambadhala okuhulitha po etumwalaka lyOmbiimbeli. Olundji oya longitha oonkondopangelo dhawo, ya keelele aantu kaaya kale nOmbiimbeli, kaaye yi nyanyangidhe nokaaye yi toloke. Tala kiiholelwa mbika iyali:

• Momumvo 167 K.E.N. lwaampono: Omukwaniilwa gwokuSeleukia, Antiochus Epiphanes, ngoka a li ta thiminike elongelokalunga lyOshigreka moka mwa li Aajuda, okwa ningi elongekidho oondhingambo dhOmanyolo gOshihebeli adhihe dhi yonagulwe po. Aantu ye oya “hanangula po nokufika po oondhingambo dhompango, kehe mpoka ye dhi adha, noya dhipaga ayehe mboka ya li taya kongo ekwatho nehekeleko mudho.” Omunandjokonona Heinrich Graetz osho a nyola ngawo.

• Pomimvo dhopokati: Aawiliki yamwe yaKatoolika oya geele mboka ya li taya uvitha kombinga yomalongo gOmbiimbeli pehala lyokuuvitha omalongo gaKatoolika. Aantu mboka ongaashi aahereti naaheni mboka haya longitha omambo gOmbiimbeli pehala lyokulongitha owala embo lyOmapisalomi ndyoka lya li mOshilatina. Olaata yongeleka yimwe oya li ya gandja elombwelo kaantu yalyo ya konge mo aahereti “nuukeka nonuudhiginini . . . ye ya konge momagumbo agehe, momakololo kohi yevi nokehe tuu mpoka tapu fekelwa hapu kala omambo gOmbiimbeli. . . . Megumbo kehe mwa li tamu ka adhika omuhereti oli na okuhanagulwa po.”

Ando aatondi yOmbiimbeli oya li ya pondola oku yi hulitha po, andola netumwalaka lyawo kali po we.

NKENE OMBIIMBELI YA HUPU: Omukwaniilwa Antiochus okwa li a kambadhala okutsitsimika oshikonga shomuIsraeli, ihe Aajuda oya li yi ihanena miilando yilwe oyindji. Aalongwantu oya tengeneke kutya methelemumvo lyotango E.N., oopelesenda dha konda 60 dhAajuda odha kala kondje yoshilando shaIsraeli. Aajuda oya kala ya pungula moosinagoga dhawo oondhingambo ndhoka dha faathana naandhoka dha ka kala nokulongithwa komapipi nomapipi mwa kwatelwa wo nAakriste. — Iilonga 15:21.

Pomimvo dhopokati, aaholi yOmbiimbeli oya kondjitha nuupenda omapataneko ngoka noya tsikile okutoloka nokunyanyangidha Omanyolo. Manga eshina lyokutopatopa inali ndulukwa po mokati kethelemumvo eti-15, iitopolwa yOmbiimbeli oyindji otashi vulika ya li momalaka 33. Okuza mpoka, Ombiimbeli oya tolokwa nokunyanyangidhwa shimwe to nyengwa.

OSHIZEMO: Nonando opwa li omapataneko okuza kaakwaniilwa aanankondo nokaawiliki yomalongelokalunga, Ombiimbeli oyo embo ndyoka lya taandela kaaku na we nolya tolokwa unene mondjokonona. Ombiimbeli oya nwetha mo oompango nomalaka giilongo yimwe nosho wo oonkalamwenyo dhaantu omamiliyona.

OMAPIYAGANEKO: Omakuyunguto gokuhulitha po nokupataneka Ombiimbeli, inaga pondola. Natango, aanyolululi naatoloki yamwe oya li ya kambadhala okulundulula etumwalaka lyOmbiimbeli. Omathimbo nomathimbo, oya kambadhala okutsitha kumwe Ombiimbeli nomalongo gawo, pehala lyokutsitha kumwe omalongo gawo nomalongo gOmbiimbeli. Tala kiiholelwa tayi landula:

• Ehala lyelongelokalunga: Pokati kethelemimvo etiyali netine K.E.N., aanyoli yoPentateuk yAasamaria oya li ya nyola konima yaEksodus 20:17 uutumbulilo “muAargaareezem omo tamu ka tungwa oshiyambelo.” Shika okwa li sha pe Aasamaria einekelo ya vule okuningitha Omanyolo ga ambidhidhe okutungwa kwotempeli yawo “muAargaareezem,” nenge pondundu Garizim.

• Elongo lyuukwatatu: Meni lyomimvo 300 konima sho Ombiimbeli ya pu okunyolwa, omulongi gUukwatatu okwa gwedha muJohannes gwotango 5:7 uutumbulilo tawu ti: “Megulu omu na Tate, Ohapu nosho wo Ombepo Ondjapuki; ayehe mbaka yatatu omuntu gumwe.” Uutumbulilo mbuka kawu mo momanyolo gopetameko. Omulongwantu gwOmbiimbeli, Bruce Metzger okwa ti uutumbululilo mboka “owa adhika lwiikando oyindji momanyolo gonale gOshilatina nomOmbiimbeli yOshilatina yedhina Vulgate, okuza methelemumvo etihamano okuuka komeho.”

• Edhina lyaKalunga: Okutothwa kwiidhila yAajuda yi li onga oonkondopangelo dhawo, aatoloki oyendji yOmbiimbeli oya tokola okukutha mo edhina lyaKalunga mOmanyolo. Oya pingene po edhina lyaKalunga nomadhinasimaneko ngaashi “Kalunga” nenge “Omuwa.” Omadhinasimaneko ngoka ga longithwa mOmbiimbeli inagu ukithwa owala kOmushiti, ihe nokaantu, kiikalunga nokOndiyapoli. — Johannes 10:34, 35; 1 Aakorinto 8:5, 6; 2 Aakorinto 4:4.a

NKENE OMBIIMBELI YA HUPU: Tango, nonando aanyolululi yamwe yOmbiimbeli kaya li ye na ko nasha nenge nokuli ya li taya kotokele, yalwe oyendji oya li ya mona elongo lyopombanda noya li wo ya nyola nuukeka. Pokati kethelemumvo etihamano netimulongo E.N., Aamasorete oya tapele Omanyolo gOshihebeli melaka lyOshimasorete. Oya yalula iitya noondanda, opo ya shilipaleke kutya kapu na epuko taye li ethele mo. Momanyolo ngoka ya li haya longitha oya mono mo omapuko, noye ga nyola koongenge dhomapandja. Aamasorete oya li ya tindi okwiidhopa momanyolo gOmbiimbeli. Omuprofesoli Moshe Goshen-Gottstein okwa nyola a ti: “Ando oya li yi idhopo mo owina, ando osha kala epuko lya kwata miiti.”

Oshitiyali, omanyolo ogendji oga kwathela aalongwantu yOmbiimbeli kunena, ya mone mo omapuko. Pashiholelwa, omimvo omathele dha ka pita, aawiliki yomalongelokalunga oya li ya longo aantu kutya momanyolo gawo gOshilatina omu na omanyolo gOmbiimbeli ge shi okwiinekelwa. Onkee ano, muJohannes gwotango 5:7, oya gwedha mo iitya ya puka mbyono ya popiwa metetekelo lyoshitopolwa shika. Omapuko ngoka oga ka nyolwa nokuli nomOmbiimbeli yOshiingilisa yo-King James version! Ihe sho omanyolo galwe ga ka monika, oga holola shike? Bruce Metzger okwa nyola a ti: “Uutumbulilo mboka wu li [muJohannes gwotango 5:7] kawu mo momanyolo agehe omakulu gomalaka ngaashi: Oshisiria, Oshikopt, Oshiarmenia, Oshietiopia, Oshiarabia nOshislavonia, kakele owala kOshilatina.” Oshizemo? Etoloko epe lyo-King James Version nolyOombiimbeli dhilwe uutumbulilo mboka wa puka owa kuthwa mo.

Mbela omanyolo omakulu oge shi holola ngaa kutya etumwalaka lyOmbiimbeli olya kala nokugamenwa? Sho oondhingambo dhopEfuta lya sa dha monika momumvo 1947, aalongwantu oya li taya vulu okuyelekanitha omanyolo gOshihebeli gAamasorete naangoka ge li moondhingambo ndhoka dha nyolwa nalenale. Oshilyo shomongundu yaamboka ya nyolulula oondhingambo dhopEfuta lya sa, osha popi pehulilo kutya ondhingambo yimwe, “oya vulu okugandja uumbangi waa shi okupatanekwa. Uumbangi mboka owa li tawu tsu kumwe naamboka wa kala wu niwe kaanyolululi Aajuda uule womimvo dhi vulithe peyuvi limwe, mboka wu li lela mondjila nowu li paushili.”

Ongulumambo yedhina Chester Beatty yi li moshilando shaOdubelini, muIrlanda, omu na oondumba dhoopapilusa ndhoka dhi lile po konyala embo kehe lyOmanyolo gopaKriste gOshigreka, mwa kwatelwa omanyolwakaha gomethelemumvo etiyali E.N., omimvo 100 lwaampono konima sho Ombiimbeli ya pu okunyolwa. “Nonando oopapilusa odha gandja uuyelele uupe wu na oshilonga kombinga yomanyolo,” o-The Anchor Bible Dictionary oya ti kutya “oopapilusa ndhoka odha dhana wo onkandangala onene mondjokonona mokutaandelithwa kwomanyolo gOmbiimbeli.”

OSHIZEMO: Pehala lyokuyonagula po omanyolo gOmbiimbeli, iinyolwa iikulu oyindji yOmbiimbeli oye shi ulika kutya oyi li paushili. “Kapu na embo ekulu lya popya iinima yopetameko noli na uushili wi ihwapo kombinga yomanyolo galyo ngaashi Ombiimbeli.” Shoka osha popiwa komusamane Frederic Kenyon kombinga yOmanyolo gopaKriste gOshigreka, “nokapu na omulongwantu ta vulu okupatana kutya omanyolo ngoka tu na nena oga lunduluka.” Shi na ko nasha nOmanyolo gOshihebeli, omulongwantu William Henry Green okwa popi a ti: “Odhoshili kutya kapu na embo ekulukulu lya kala nokutaandelithwa noli li paushili ngaashi Ombiimbeli.”

Ombiimbeli oya hupa, nomolwaashono kunena to vulu oku yi imonena noku yi lesha. Ngele owa hogolola etoloko ewanawa lyOmanyolo, oto vulu okukala nuushili kutya Ombiimbeli ndjoka to lesha oyi shi okwiinekelwa, molwaashoka shoka sha nyolwa mo osha za momanyolo gopetameko.a Mbela omolwaashike Ombiimbeli ya hupu nonando opwa kala iiyonaguli yopaunshitwe, omapataneko ga kwata miiti goku yi hulitha po nosho wo mboka ya li ya kambadhala okulundulula etumwalaka lyayo? Opu na omahokololo omakumithi ge na ko nasha nankene ya hupa. Oshike lela sha simana kombinga yembo ndika?

Aakonakoni oyendji yOmbiimbeli oya thiki pehulithodhiladhilo lya faathana naandyoka lyomuyapostoli Paulus, ngoka a nyola a ti: “Enyolo kehe olya nyolithwa kOmbepo yaKalunga.” (2 Timoteus 3:16) Oyi itaala kutya Ombiimbeli oya hupu molwaashono Oohapu dhaKalunga dhi ikalekelwa nonokutya Kalunga oye mwene a kala noku yi gamena sigo onena. Faizal ngoka a popiwa petameko lyoshifo shika, hugunina okwa tokola okunongonona shoka sha kala tashi popiwa kaantu mokukonakona Ombiimbeli. Shoka a konakona osha li she mu kumitha. Nziya okwi ilongo kutya omalongo ogendji ngoka haga longwa momalongelokalunga gUukwakriste kage mo nando mOmbiimbeli. Natango, okwa li a gumwa kelalakano lyaKalunga li na ko nasha nevi, ndyoka lya popiwa mOmbiimbeli.

Okwa ti: “Ngashingeyi onda tompwa kutya Ombiimbeli ndjika ndi na omagano ga za kuKalunga. Ngele Kalunga oye a shita eshito alihe, mbela ota kala ngaa kee na oonkondo oku tu pa Ombiimbeli noku yi gamena omolwetu? Ngele otwa ti eeno, kungawo otatu ngambeke oonkondo dhaKalunga, ngoka e li Omunakondoadhihe. Ongame nee lye ndi vule okungambeka oonkondo dhaKalunga?” — Jesaja 40:8.