Moui Agaia Nakai e Tapuaki Atua Matua Fifine?

NE taute agaia e tapuaki ke he atua matua fifine he tau vaha he tau Kerisiano fakamua. Ne feleveia e aposetolo ko Paulo mo e mena ia i Efeso i Asia Tote. Tuga i Atenai, ko e taha taone he tapuakiaga atua fifine, ne kitia fakamoli e ia “ko e Atua ne eke e lalolagi,” ko e Tufuga moui, ko ia kua nakai tuga e “auro, po ke ario, po ke maka, kua laku he tufuga mo e fatuakiloto he tagata.” Kua uka lahi e tau Efeso ke fakauka ke he tau mena nei, tokologa mai ia lautolu ne tapuaki atu ke he atua matua fifine ko Atemi. Ko lautolu ne moua mai e tau levekiaga he moui he taute e tau tulana ario he atua fifine ne fakaohooho e moto tagata ke miha. Kua liga ke ua e tau tula, he tau kalaga e moto tagata: “Kua mua a Tiana [Atemi] he tau tagata Efeso.”​—Gahua 17:24, 29; 19:26, 34.

Atemi he tau Efeso

Ne tapuaki foki e tau Heleni ke he taha Atemi, ka ko e Atemi ne tapuaki i Efeso kua maeke fakatote ni ke fakamailoga mo ia. Ko e atua fifine taopou he takafaga mo e fanau tama e Atemi Heleni. Ko e atua fifine tupuloga e Atemi Efeso. Ko e hana faituga lahi mahaki i Efeso kua manamanatu ai ko e taha mai he tau mena ofoofogia ne fitu he lalolagi. Ko e hana fakatino fakatai, ne manatu ko e to mai he lagi, ne fakafifitaki mai a ia tuga ko e ha ha ia ia ni e tupuloga, ne uufitia katoa hana fatafata he tau atu huhu tuga e tau fufua moa. Kua kehe lahi e tau tauteaga he tau huhu nei ti kua lagaki hake e tau fakamaamaaga kehekehe, tuga a nei kua fakatai a lautolu ke he tau kahoa he tau fufua moa po ke tau fua foki he mouiaga he povi tane. Ko e heigoa mo e heigoa e fakamamaaga, maali lahi e fakatai he tupuloga.

Kua fulufuluola lahi, hagaao ke he New Encyclopædia Britannica, ko e fakatino fakatai fakamua he atua fifine nei “kua taute mai he auro, akau kieto, ario, mo e maka uli.” Ko e fakatino fakatai talahaua he tau Efeso a Atemi, mai he tau aho he senetenari ke ua aki V.N., kua fakakite mai a ia ko e uli e fofoga, tau lima mo e tau tua hui.

Ne uta fakakitekite takai e tupua ta ha Atemi ke he tau puhala tu. Ko e tagata fakaako tokoluga Tohi Tapu ko R. B. Rackham kua tohi: “I loto he faituga [ha Atemi] ne toka hana . . . tau tupua ta, tau tulana, mo e tau kapiniu tapu, auro mo e ario, ka hoko e tau fakafiafiaaga lahi mahaki ne lapolapo atu ke he taone mo e liuaki mai he foleni homo ue atu.” Ne futiaki mai he tau fakafiafiaaga nei e tau teau he tau afe malaga tagata mai i Asia Tote katoa. Ne fakatau e lautolu e tau tulana ikiiki he atua fifine mo e fakaheke a ia ko e mua atu, ko e ha lautolu a fifine mitaki, ko e patuiki fifine, ko e taopou, “ko ia ne fanogonogo ki ai mo e talia e tau liogi.” I loto he tau tutuaga pihia, kua lata ni ma e loto malolo lahi mahaki ha Paulo mo e tau Kerisiano fakamua ke tuku atu e fakahekeaga lahi ke he “Atua ne eke e lalolagi,” ka e nakai ke he tau atua mo e atua fifine ne taute mai he “auro po ke ario po ke maka.”

Mai he Atua Matua Fifine ke he “Matua Fifine he Atua”

Mai he tau momotua he fakapotopotoaga Kerisiano i Efeso ne talahau tuai atu e Paulo e tiakiaga he kupu moli. Ne hataki atu a ia to tutu hake e tau tagata ne tiaki e kupu moli mo e vagahau e “tau mena fakakeukeu.” (Gahua 20:17, 28-30) I loto he tau mena hagahaga kelea fakamatakutaku i Efeso e liliu tua ke he tapuaki he atua matua fifine. Ne tupu moli kia e mena nei?

Totou e tautolu i loto he New Catholic Encyclopedia: “Ha ko e apiaga malaga tapu a Efeso, ne manamanatu ko e tanuaga he [aposetolo ko] Ioane. . . . Taha mahani toka tuai foki, ne fakamoli he Fonoaga ha Efeso (431), ne tutaki atu e Taopou Uhoaki ko Maria mo e Tagata Tapu Ioane. Ko e fale tapu ne taute ai e Fonoaga ne ui aki ko e Fale Tapu ha Maria.” Ko e taha foki he gahua Katolika (Théo​—Nouvelle encyclopédie catholique) ne vagahau atu ke he “mahani toka tuai mitaki lahi” ko e o fakalataha a Maria mo Ioane ki Efeso, ko e mena ke nofo ai a ia he hana moui ke he fakaotiaga. Ko e ha e matutakiaga fakahaha nei a Efeso mo Maria kua aoga lahi ki a tautolu he vaha nei?

Kia toka e The New Encyclopædia Britannica ke tali mai: “Ko e fakalilifuaga lahi ke he matua fifine he Atua ne moua hana omoiaga mukamuka he magaaho ne taute e Lotu Kerisiano ko e lotu he pule he atu motu i lalo ia Constantine mo e ne tafe atu e tau moto tagata tokologa pouliuli ki loto he lotu. . . . Ko e ha lautolu a taofiaga fakamoli mo e iloaaga fakalotu ne fita he taute mai he tau afe he tau tau kua puhala mai he tapuakiaga muitua tagata ke he atua ‘matua fifine lahi mahaki’ mo e ‘taopou mai he atua,’ ne kamata ti takitaki mai he tau lotu mahuiga tuai ha Papelonia mo Asuria.” Ko e heigoa foki kia e nonofoaga kua mitaki lahi kua ha ha i ai mai i Efeso ma e “Liliuaga Fakakerisiano” he tapuaki ke he atua matua fifine?

Ti kua taute ai, i loto i Efeso, he tau 431 V.N., ko e mena ne pehe ko e fonoaga he fakafetuiaga fakalataha he tau lotu ke tolu aki ne fakahigoa a Maria ko e “Theotokos,” e kupu Heleni kua kakano “ko e fuaaga-Atua,” po ke “Matua Fifine he Atua.” Kua talahau mai e New Catholic Encyclopedia: “Ne nakai mahalohalo lahi ko e aoga lahi e fakaaogaaga he Lotu ke he higoa nei ma e tupuaga ke he tau senetenari fakamui e fakaakoaga ki a Maria mo e fakamoli lahi ki ai.”

Ko e tau tuaga tuai he “Lotu he Taopou ko Maria,” ko e mena ne feleveia ai e fonoaga nei, kua maeke agaia ke kitia he vaha nei i luga he tuaga ha Efeso i tuai. Kua maeke ai foki ke ahi atu ke he fale tapu ia kua, hagaao ke he mahani toka tuai, ko e fale ne nofo ai a Maria mo e mate i ai. Ne ahi atu a Pope Paul VI ke he tau tulana nei ha Maria i Efeso he tau 1967.

E, ko Efeso e kamataaga he maliuaga he tapuaki pouliuli he atua matua fifine, tuga ne feleveia atu ki a Paulo i loto he senetenari fakamua, ke he tauteaga fakamoli lahi ki a Maria ko e “Matua Fifine he Atua.” Ko e matapatu he tauteaga lahi fakamoli ki a Maria ne puhala mai e tapuaki he atua matua fifine ki loto he tau motu ha Kerisitenitome.

Moui Agaia e Tapuaki Atua Matua Fifine

Kua fatiaki mai he Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics e tagata fakaako tokoluga ke he Tohi Tapu ko W. M. Ramsay he fakamaama mai ne ha i ai he “senetenari ke 5 aki ko e fakalilifu ne totogi atu ke he Taupou Maria i Efeso ko e vahega ne [liliu fakafou] he tapuaki pouliuli tuai ha Anatoli ke he Matua Fifine Taopou.” Kua talahau e The New International Dictionary of New Testament Theology: “Ko e tau manatu Katolika ke he ‘matua fifine he Atua’ mo e ke he ‘patuiki fifine he lagi,’ pete ni ko e mena tupu fakamui mai he V[eveheaga] F[ou], kua tuhi atu ke he tau hokohoko he fakamauaga lotu i tuai kua fakamua he Fahi Uta. . . . I loto he fakalilifuaga lahi ki a Maria kua ha ha i ai e tau mena loga ne toe he tapuaki muitua tagata pouliuli ke he matua fifine he atua.”

Kua loga lahi mahaki e tau mena ne toe hifo nei mo e fakamatafeiga lahi foki ke taute mo mena tupu noa he magaaho taha. Kua tuga lahi e fakatino fakatai he matua fifine mo e tama he Taopou ko Maria mo e tau fakatino fakatai he atua fifine he tau tagata pouliuli, tuga a Isisi, ne nakai maeke ai ke nakai kitia. Ko e tau teau he tau fakatino fakatai mo e tau tupua fakatai he Matona Uli i loto he tau fale tapu Katolika i loto he lalolagi katoa kua nakai kaumahala ke liuaki mai ke he loto e fakatino fakatai ha Atemi. Ko e gahua Théo​—Nouvelle encyclopédie catholique kua pehe mai ke he tau Taopou Uli: “Kua fakakite mai ko e puhala kua maeke a lautolu ke hiki atu ki a Maria e tau mena ne toe agaia he tauteaga fakamoli lahi mahuiga ki a Tiana [Atemi] . . . po ko Sipele.” Ko e tau foleniaga he Aho he Fakamanatuaga ke he Taopou ko Maria kua moua foki ha lautolu a fakataiaga ke he tau foleniaga ke fakalilifu a Sipele mo Atemi.

Ko e tau higoa ne age ki a Maria kua fakamanatu mai ki a tautolu e atua matua fifine pouliuli. Ne lagaki hake fakatokoluga a Iseta ko e “Taopou Tapu,” “haku a Fifine Mitaki,” mo e “ko e matua fifine fakaalofa hofihofi noa kua fanogongo liogi.” Ne ui aki a Isisi mo Asetate ko e “Patuiki Fifine he Lagi.” Ne fakahigoa a Sipele ko e “Matua Fifine he tau Uhoaki oti kana.” Ko e tau higoa oti nei, mo e tau kehekeheaga ikiiki, ne fakaaoga atu ki a Maria.

Ne fakamalolo atu e Pule he Pope II e tapuaki muitua tagata ke he “Taopou Uhoaki.” Ko e Pope John Paul II kua talahaua ma e hana loto fakamoli lahi mahaki ki a Maria. He vaha he hana tau fenoga loa, ne nakai galo e ia e tau magaaho ke ahi atu ke he tau tulana ha Maria, fakalataha ki ai e Matona Uli ha Czestochowa, i Polani. Ne tuku atu e ia e lalolagi katoa ki a Maria. Ha kua pihia, kua nakai ofogia ai ko e i lalo he “Atua Matua Fifine,” kua tohi he The New Encyclopædia Britannica: “Kua fakaaoga foki e tau kupu ia ke he tau mena talaga kua kehe lahi tuga ke he tau mena ne fakahigoa ko e Venusi he Vaha Pouliuli mo e Taopou Maria.”

Ka e nakai ni hokoia ko e loto fakamoli lahi he tau Katolika Roma ki a Maria e puhala tapuaki ke he atua matua fifine ne hao mai ti hoko mai ke he ha tautolu a vaha. Kua kehe lahi, ko lautolu ne lagomatai e omoiaga tutu tatai he fifine ne lomi loga e tau tohi ke he tapuaki he atua matua fifine. Kua tua a lautolu kua tapehi fakakelea lahi e tau fifine i loto he lalolagi nei he pule vale e tagata tane ki ai mo e tapuaki hagahaga fakafifine ne ataata mai e tau amaamanakiaga he foliaga ma e lalolagi kua tote e vale. Kua tuga ko e tua foki a lautolu to laukauka mai mo e lahi e mafola e lalolagi he vaha nei kaeke kua ha ha i ai e hagahaga fakafifine.

Ka e taha e mena, nakai tamai he tapuaki ke he atua matua fifine e mafola ke he lalolagi i tuai, mo e to nakai tamai foki e mafola ke he vaha nei. Ke lafi ki ai, loga mo loga e tau tagata he vaha nei, ke fakamoli ai ko e tau miliona kua feoaki mo e tau Fakamoli a Iehova, kua mauokafua e tau loto ko e to nakai laveaki mai e Maria e lalolagi nei, pete ni ko e fefe e lahi he ha lautolu a fakalilifu mo e ofania ki a ia ha ko e fifine fakamoli he senetenari fakamua ne moua e monuina homo ue atu he fua mo e feaki hake a Iesu. Kua nakai tua foki e tau Fakamoli a Iehova ko e Omoiaga he Tokanoaaga ma e tau Fifine, pete foki ni kua liga ko e tonu lahi e falu poaki hana, ke maeke ke tamai e lalolagi mafola lahi. Ha kua onoono atu a lautolu ke he Atua ne tukuogo atu e Paulo ke he tau Atenai mo e ke he tau Efeso, “ko e Atua ne eke e lalolagi mo e tau mena oti kana ha ha i ai.” (Gahua 17:24; 19:11, 17, 20) Ko e Atua Malolo Lahi Mahaki Katoatoa nei, ko e hana higoa ni ko Iehova, ne mavehe ke fakahoko mai e lalolagi fou lilifu ue atu ka taute “ke nofo ai e tututonu.”​—2 Peteru 3:13.

Ke he onoonaga he Tohi Tapu ke he tuaga he fifine ki mua he Atua mo e tagata tane, to taute fakapapahi e tala nei he taha vala i mua he mekasini nei.

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ASITORE​—Ko e atua fifine he mahani fakatane mo e fifine, mo e tau, ha Kanana

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ATEMI​—Atua fifine tupuloga ha Efeso

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Musei dei Conservatori, Roma

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“MATUA FIFINE HE ATUA” ha Kerisitenitome

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Chartres Cathedral, Falani