Ndani Anagaŵa Baibulo Kuti Likhale Ndi Macaputala Ndi Mavesi?

YELEKEZELANI kuti ndinu Mkristu m’nthawi ya atumwi. Mpingo wanu walandila kumene kalata yocokela kwa mtumwi Paulo. Pamene mukumvetsela kalatayo ikuŵelengedwa, mukuzindikila kuti Paulo wagwila mau a “malemba oyela,” kapena kuti Malemba a Ciheberi mobwelezabweza. (2 Timoteyo 3:15) Ndiyeno mukuganiza kuti: ‘Kodi mau amenewa akupezeka pati?’ Kupeza mau amenewo kunali kovuta. Cifukwa ciani tikutelo?

MUNALIBE MACAPUTALA KAPENA MAVESI

Ganizilani mmene mipukutu ya “malemba oyela” imene anali kugwilitsila nchito m’nthawi ya Paulo inali kuonekela. Cithunzi cili patsamba lino, cikuonetsa mbali ina ya mpukutu wa Yesaya umene unapezeka ku Nyanja Yakufa. Kodi mukuonapo ciani? Mukuonapo mau okhaokha opanda zizindikilo zilizonse, si conco kodi? Mau amenewa alibenso macaputala ndi mavesi amene ali m’Baibulo masiku ano.

Olemba Baibulo sanagaŵe uthenga wao m’macaputala ndi m’mavesi polilemba. Iwo anangolemba uthenga umene Mulungu anawauza. Anatelo n’colinga cakuti anthu aŵelenge uthenga wonse, osati mbali zocepa cabe. Kodi si zimene nanunso mumacita mukalandila kalata yocokela kwa mnzanu kapena wacibale wanu? Mumaŵelenga kalata yonse osati mbali yocepa cabe.

Komabe, malemba opanda macaputala ndi mavesi amenewa anali ndi vuto lake. Mwacitsanzo, pogwila mau m’mipukutu, Paulo anali kukamba kuti, “monga mmene Malemba amanenela kuti” kapena, “monga Yesaya ananenelatu kuti.” (Aroma 3:10; 9:29) Zinali zovuta kudziŵa pamene mauwo akupezeka ngati simukudziŵa bwino “malemba oyela.”

Kuonjezela pamenepo, “malemba oyela” sanali ndi uthenga umodzi wa Mulungu. Pofika ca kumapeto kwa nthawi ya atumwi, uthengawu unali kupezeka m’mipukutu yosiyanasiyana 66. Masiku ano, anthu ambili oŵelenga Baibulo ndi okondwa kukhala ndi Baibulo lokhala ndi macaputa ndi mavesi. Izi zimawathandiza kupeza mosavuta uthenga umene afuna, monga mau amene Paulo anagwila m’mipukutu.

Koma mwina mungafunse kuti, ‘Ndani anagaŵa Baibulo kuti likhale m’macaputala ndi m’mavesi?’

NDANI ANAGAŴA BAIBULO KUTI LIKHALE NDI MACAPUTALA?

Mtsogoleli wina wacipembedzo, Stephen Langton, amene anadzakhala Bishopu wamkulu ku Canterbury, ndi amene anagwila nchitoyi. Anagwila nchitoyi kuciyambi kwa zaka za m’ma 1200 C.E., pamene anali mphunzitsi wa pa Yunivesite ku Paris, m’dziko la France.

Stephen Langton asanabadwe, akatswili ena anali atayesepo kugaŵa Baibulo m’njila zosiyanasiyana kuti anthu asamavutike kupeza mbali imene akufuna. N’zosavuta kupeza mbali imene mufuna m’caputala cimodzi m’malo mofufuza mpukutu wonse monga wa Yesaya umene uli ndi macaputala 66.

Ngakhale n’conco, panali vuto lina. Akatswili ena a Baibulo anali atagaŵa Baibulo m’njila zosiyanasiyana. Mwacitsanzo, m’Baibulo lina, Uthenga Wabwino wa Maliko, unali utagaŵidwa m’macaputala 50 osati 16 amene alipo masiku ano. Ku Paris, m’nthawi ya Langton, ophunzila a m’maiko osiyanasiyana anabwela ndi Mabaibulo ao. Komabe zinali zovuta kuti ophunzila kapena aphunzitsi achule pamalo enieni m’Mabaibulo ao pamene panali kupezeka mfundo imene anali kufuna. N’cifukwa ciani? Cifukwa cakuti macaputala a m’Mabaibulo ao anali atagaŵidwa mosiyanasiyana.

Conco, Langton anagawanso Baibulo kuti likhale ndi macaputala. Buku lina linati: “Anthu amene amakonda kuŵelenga ndi kulemba mabuku anaikonda kwambili njila imeneyi, ndipo pacifukwa cimeneci, Baibulo linafalikila kwambili.” (The Book—A History of the Bible) Macaputala amene ali m’Baibulo masiku ano, ndi Langton amene anawagaŵa.

NDANI ANAGAŴA BAIBULO KUTI LIKHALE NDI MAVESI?

M’zaka za m’ma 1500, patapita zaka 300 kucokela pamene Langton anagaŵa Baibulo kukhala m’macaputala, katswili wina wodziŵa nchito yopulinta mabuku, Robert Estienne anapeputsanso zinthu pamene anagaŵa Baibulo kukhala m’mavesi. Colinga cake cinali kuthandiza anthu kuti azikonda kuŵelenga Baibulo. Iye anaona ubwino wogaŵa Baibulo kukhala m’macaputala ndi mavesi.

Estienne sindiye anali woyamba kugawa Baibulo kukhala m’mavesi. Anthu ena anali atacitapo kale zimenezi. Zaka mahandiledi angapo Estinne asanababwe, akatswili olemba mabuku aciyuda, anali atagaŵa kale Baibulo la Ciheberi kapena kuti Cipangano Cakale kukhala m’mavesi koma osati m’macaputala. Ngakhale kuti Baibulo linali litagaŵidwa kale kukhala m’macaputala, zikuoneka kuti zinali zovutabe kuligwilitsila nchito.

Estienne anagaŵa Malemba Acikristu Acigiliki, kapena kuti Cipangano Catsopano, kukhalanso m’mavesi kuti zifanane ndi Malemba a m’Cipangano cakale. Mu 1553, Iye anafalitsa Baibulo loyamba lathunthu m’cinenelo ca Cifulenci lokhala ndi macaputala ndi mavesi amene ali m’Mabaibulo ambili masiku ano. Koma anthu ena anasuliza zimenezi, ndipo anakamba kuti mavesiwa apangitsa Baibulo kukhala m’zidutswazidutswa. Ngakhale zinali conco, anthu ambili otsindikiza Mabaibulo anatengela mmene Estienne anagaŵila mavesi m’Baibulo.

CINTHU COTHANDIZA OPHUNZILA BAIBULO

Kukamba zoona, n’zosangalatsa kukhala ndi macaputala ndi mavesi m’Baibulo. Izi zimatithandiza kupeza vesi m’Baibulo mosavuta. N’zoona kuti Mulungu sindiye anacititsa kuti Baibulo ligaŵidwe kukhala m’macaputala ndi m’mavesi, ndipo nthawi zina ziganizo zina zimamveka monga zikuimila panjila cifukwa ca mmene mavesi kapena macaputala anakhalila m’Baibulo. Ngakhale n’conco, macaputala ndi mavesi amatithandiza kupeza mau kapena mfundo inayake mosavuta, monga mmene tingaikile cizindikilo m’buku pankhani inayake imene timakonda.

Macaputala ndi mavesi amenewa ndi othandiza, koma zimakhala bwino kwambili kuŵelenga nkhani yonse n’colinga cakuti timvetse uthenga wocokela kwa Mulungu. Khalani ndi cizoloŵezi coŵelenga nkhani yonse yolembedwa m’caputalaco m’malo mongoŵelenga mavesi oŵelengeka. Kucita zimenezi kudzakuthandizani kudziŵa bwino ‘malemba oyela amene angathe kukupatsani nzelu zokuthandizani kuti mudzapulumuke.’—2 Timoteyo 3:15.