Baibuli—Ahabw’Enki Ziri Nyingi?

Ahabw’enki hariho Envunuura za Baibuli nyingi ezitarikushushana obunaku obu? Nooreeba envunuura ezi nk’ezirikuhwera omu kwetegyereza Baibuli nari nk’ezirikuturemesa kwetegyereza? Waamanya obukomooko bwazo nikibaasa kukuhwera kumanya yaaba zihikire.

Kwonka shi, omu kutandika n’oha owaahandiikire Baibuli, kandi ryari?

BAIBULI EYAABANDIZE

Baibuli erimu ebicweka bibiri. Ekicweka eky’okubanza kirimu ebitabo 39 “ebyagambirwe Ruhanga.” (Abarooma 3:2) Ruhanga akahwera abashaija abeesigwa kuhandiika ebitabo ebi kumara emyaka mingi nka 1,100 kuruga 1513 Y.A. kuhika 443 Y.A. Bakaba baahandiika omu Ruheburaayo, n’ahabw’ekyo ekicweka eki nitukyeta Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo, ekirikumanywa nk’Endagaano Enkuru.

Ekicweka ekya kabiri kirimu ebitabo 27 nakyo nikimanywa nka “Ekigambo kya Ruhanga.” (1 Abatesalonika 2:13) Ruhanga akahwera abeegi ba Yesu abeesigwa kuhandiika ebitabo ebi omu bwire bukye—emyaka nka 60 kuruga 41 Y.A.K. kuhika 98 Y.A.K. Bakaba baabihandiika omu Rugriika, n’ahabw’ekyo ekicweka eki nitukyeta Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Orugriika, ekirikumanywa nk’Endagaano Ensya.

Byona ebitabo 66 ebyahandiikisiibwe Ruhanga nibyo birikukora Baibuli eijwiire—obutumwa bwa Ruhanga aha bantu. Kwonka ahabw’enki envunuura za Baibuli ezindi zaakozirwe? N’ahabw’enshonga ishatu ezi:

Kubaasisa abantu kushoma Baibuli omu rurimi rwabo.
Kwihamu enshobe ezi abaakoporoire Baibuli baakozire kugira ngu bagarureho ebigambo bya Baibuli ebyabandiize.
Kugira ngu batemu ebigambo ebyorobi.

Yetegyereze oku enshonga ezi zaakoresiibwe omu nvunuura eza ira.

**ENVUNUURA EYA SEPTUAGINT EY’ORUGRIIKA**

Emyaka nka 300 Yesu atakazairwe, Abayudaaya abarikucondooza bakatandika kuvunuura Ebyahandiikirwe eby’Oruheburaayo omu rurimi orundi—Orugriika. Envunuura egi ekamanywa nka Septuagint ey’Orugriika. Ahabw’enki baakozire envunuura egi? Okuhwera Abayudaaya abaabaire nibagamba Orugriika kandi batarikukoresa Oruheburaayo kumanya “Ebyahandiikirwe ebirikwera.”—2 Timoseo 3:15.

Septuagint ekahwera naabo abatari Bayudaaya, abaabaire nibakoresa Orugriika kumanya eki Baibuli erikwegyesa. Ekabahwera eta? Omuhangu orikwetwa W. F. Howard akagira ati: “Ahagati y’ekyasha ky’okubanza, ekaba eri Baibuli eyaabaire ekoresibwa Abakristaayo, kandi bakaba baza ahari buri sinagogi nibashoboorora ku Mesia niwe Yesu.” (Ebyakozirwe 17:3, 4; 20:20) Okurugiirira aha mucondoozi omwe aha bya Baibuli orikwetwa F. F. Bruce, egi n’enshonga emwe ahabw’enki Abayudaaya baingi “baareekiire aho kuta omutima aha Septuagint.”

Abeegi ba Yesu ku baagumire nibatunga Ebyahandiikirwe by’Orugriika, baabikwatanisa n’Ebyahandiikirwe by’Oruheburaayo ebyabaire bivunwirwe omu Rugriika, kandi baakoramu Baibuli ei twine obunaku obu.

ENVUNUURA EY’ORULATINI ORWA BUTOOSHA

Bwanyima y’emyaka nka 300, Baibuli eherize kuhandiikwa, omunyadiini omuhangu Jerome akavunuura Baibuli omu Rulatini erikumanywa nka Envunuura y’Orulatini Orwa Butoosha. Hakaba hariho envunuura ezindi omu Rulatini, ahabw’enki haabaire nihetengyesa envunuura ensya? Ekitabo The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia nikishoboorora kiti: Jerome akaba naayenda kwihamu “enshobi n’ebigambo ebyabaire byongirwemu n’okugaruramu ebigambo ebyabaire biihirwemu.”

Jerome akaihamu enshobe nyingi. Kwonka bwanyima y’obwire, abeebembezi b’ediini bakakora enshobi z’amaani. Bakacwamu ngu Baibuli ey’Orulatini Orwa Butoosha ebe niyo yaakoresibwa yonka kandi bakagumizamu nibagikoresa kumara ebyasha bingi! Omu mwanya gw’okuhwera abantu ba butoosha kwetegyereza Baibuli, envunuura egi ekareetera baingi baaremwa kwetegyereza Baibuli ahakuba abantu baingi bakaba batarikumanya Orulatini.

ENVUNUURA EZINDI KUKANYA

Abantu bakagumizamu nibavunuura Baibuli ezindi—nk’eya Syriac Peshitta eyaabaire neemanywa munonga omu kyasha kya kataano Y.A.K. Kwonka okuhitsya omu kyasha kya 14 nibwo baayongyeiremu amaani kubaasa kuha abantu ba butoosha Ebyahandiikirwe omu rurimi rwabo oru baabaire nibeetegyereza.

Omuri Bungyereza ekyasha kya 14 kirikuhendera, John Wycliffe akatandika kutebeekanisa Baibuli omu Rungyereza orurimi orwabaire nirwetegyerezibwa abantu omu kicweka kye. Bwanyima y’ekyo, ebyoma by’okuteera ebitabo ebyakozirwe Johannes Gutenberg’s bikahwera abahangu kuteera n’okushohoza Baibuli omu ndimi nyingi omuri Buraaya.

Baibuli ezaabaire zivunwirwe omu Rungyereza ku zaakanyire, bamwe baatandika kubuuza yaaba n’eky’oburyo kushohoza Baibuli ezitarikushushana omu rurimi rumwe. Omu kyasha kya 18 omunyadiini John Lewis kuruga Bungyereza akahandiika ati: “Endimi nizihwa aha murembe kandi ziba zitakyetegyerezibwa, n’ahabw’ekyo nikyetengyesa kushwijuma envunuura eza ira kubaasa kuzihikaanisa n’endimi ezirikukoresibwa abantu kandi ezirikwetegyerezibwa gye.”

Abarikucondooza ahari Baibuli obunaku obu, nibabaasa kushwijuma gye envunuura eza ira. Nibeetegyereza gye endimi eza ira ezi Baibuli yaahandiikirwemu, kandi baine n’ebihandiiko ebya ira ebi baajumbwire ebirikukwata ahari Baibuli. Ebi nibibahwera kumanya kyenyine ekyabaire kiri omu Baibuli ey’okubanza.

N’ahabw’ekyo ni kikuru kugira envunuura ensya eya Baibuli. Kwonka, oine kwegyendesereza waaba noozikoresa.a Rukundo eyaabuzima yaaba niyo eri kuhiga abacondoozi kubaasa kushohoza Baibuli ensya, omurimo ogu barikuba bakozire nigubaasa kutugasira twena.

Kubaasa kushoma Baibuli omu rurimi rwawe aha mukura nari aha simu yaawe, za aha www.jw.org. Za aha EBIRIHO > BAIBULI, nari koresa koodi

a Reeba ekicweka “Noobaasa Kutoorana ota Envunuura Enungi eya Baibuli?” omu Watchtower eya Mei, 1 2008.

EIZIINA RYA RUHANGA ERIRIKWERA OMU BAIBULI

Eiziina rya Ruhanga omu kihandiiko ekya Septuagint kuruga omu bwire bwa Yesu

Baibuli eya New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures neekoresa eiziina rya Ruhanga Yehova omu Byahandiikirwe by’Oruheburaayo n’eby’Orugriika. Baibuli enyingi ez’Orungyereza eziriho obunaku obu tizirikurikoresa. Omu mwanya gw’ekyo, nizikoresa “Mukama.” Enshonga emwe ahabw’enki nibakora ekyo, abavunuuzi abamwe nibagira ngu eiziina rya Ruhanga, eririkujwekyerwa (YHWH), rikaba ritari omu nvunuura y’Orugriika erikwetwa Septuagint ey’Ebyahandiikirwe by’Oruheburaayo. Kwonka shi ago n’amazima?

Ahagati ya 1940 na 1950, bimwe aha bihandiiko ebya Septuagint ebyabaire biriho omu bwire bwa Yesu bikazoorwa. Birimu eiziina rya Ruhanga eririkwera erihandiikirwe omu nyuguta z’Oruheburaayo. Nikireebeka ngu bwanyima, abaakoporoire ebihandiiko ebyo bakaihamu eiziina eryo, omu mwanya gwaryo baatamu Ky’ri·os—ekigambo ky’Orugriika ekirikumanyisa “Mukama.” Baibuli eya New World Translation neegarura eiziina eryo omu mwanya gwaryo omu Byahandiikirwe.

MBWENU SHI BAIBULI EHINDWIRWE?

Omuzingo gwa Isaaya ogwa Dead Sea ogumazire emyaka 2,000. Ebirimu nibihikaana n’ebiri omu Baibuli ey’obunaku obu

N’amazima abaakoporoire Baibuli bakakora enshobe. Kwonka tihariho n’emwe omu nshobe ezo eyaabaasize kuhindura Baibuli. “Tihariho nyegyesa z’Ekikristaayo ezegamiire aha kuteetegyereza kw’abantu ahabw’ebi barikushoma.”—Our Bible and the Ancient Manuscripts.

Abayudaaya abaakoporoire Baibuli bakakora enshobe nkye munonga. “Abayudaaya abahandiiki ab’Abakristaayo ab’omu byasha by’okubanza bakakopoorora emirundi mingi ekihandiiko ekya Baibuli ey’Oruheburaayo omu muringo oguhikire.”—Second Thoughts on the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Nk’eky’okureeberaho, omuzingo gwa Isaaya ogwashangirwe omu mizingo eya Dead Sea nigukiza emyaka 1,000 ebihandiiko ebiriho. Mbwenu shi nigugyeragyeranisibwa guta n’ekitabo kya Isaaya eki twine obunaku obu? “Obumwe n’obumwe noobaasa kushangamu ekigambo ekyongyeirwemu nari ekiihirwemu.”—The Book. A History of the Bible.

Enshobe—nk’amabaruha nari ebigambo ebyaatairwe omu myanya etari yaabyo ekyakozirwe abakoporozi abaabaire batarikufayo byona hati nibibaasa kumanywa kandi bishoboororwe. “Omu nsi, tihariho kopi y’ebihandiiko ebya ira ebi abantu abarikukunda nk’endagaano ensya.”—The Books and the Parchments.

“Abarikwenda kumanya nibabaasa kushoma ekihandiiko ekya ira biblical papyri kuruga Misri ekyagumire ehikire n’obu kiraabe kya koporoirwe emirundi mingi omu mabikiro g’ebitabo aga Bungyereza.”—The Book. A History of the Bible.

Mbwenu shi Baibuli ehindwirwe? Buzima, ngaaha!