Wanem Nao El Niño?
Taem Apurímac River wea savve drae planti taem wea stap klosap long Lima, Peru, hem sweepim klosap evri samting wea Carmen ownim, hem krae olsem: “Planti long mifala nao olsem, staka fogud. No mi nomoa.” Long north saed, hevi rain hem mekem wanfala part bilong Sechura Desert kamap mek-tu bigfala lake long Peru, wea hem 5,000 square kilometer. Long olketa nara part long earth, barava big flood, strong cyclone, and bigfala drae season lead go for hangre, sik, wildfire, and spoelem garden, land, and environment. Wanem nao kosim evri samting hia? Planti sei hem El Niño, wea kamaot from tropical Pacific Ocean long end bilong 1997 and go ahed for samting olsem eit month.
Wanem nao El Niño? Hao nao hem kamap? Why nao samting wea kamaot from hem kasem staka ples? Waswe, man savve talem stret wanem taem hem bae kamap moa, and maet diswan daonem wei wea hem spoelem laef and nara samting?
Hem Start Taem Wata Kamap Warm
Newsweek magasin hem sei: “For tok stret, El Niño hem minim warm wata nomoa wea kamap long sea klosap long Peru long evri tu go kasem sevenfala year.” For winim wan handred year, olketa seaman bilong Peru lukim diswan. From olketa warm wata hia savve kam long taem bilong Christmas, olketa kolem diswan El Niño, nem long Spanish languis wea minim baby Jesus.
Wei wea wata kamap warm klosap long Peru hem minim datfala kantri kasem moa rain. Rain hia hem kosim olketa plant for grow long desert and olketa animal tu for grow gud. Taem rain hia hevi tumas, olketa flood kamap. And tu, from antap bilong sea hem warm, diswan stopem cold wata long andanit wea garem staka nutrient for kamap. From diswan, planti animal insaed sea and samfala bird tu muv go long nara ples for lukaotem kaikai. So, olketa samting wea kamaot from El Niño affectim olketa farawe ples tu and no saedsea bilong Peru nomoa.a
Wind and Wata Kosim
Wanem nao kosim temperature for kamap moa hot long sea klosap long Peru? For minim diswan, ting firstaem long bigfala circulatory loop, wea olketa kolem Walker Circulation, wea stap long air midolwan long eastern and western tropical Pacific.b Taem sun hem hotem wata long west, klosap long Indonesia and Australia, hot air hem go ap, wea kosim wanfala low-pressure system for kamap klosap long antap bilong wata. Air wea go ap hem cold daon and lusim wata wea stap insaed, wea mekem rain kam long olketa area hia. Olketa wind long hae atmosphere blowim drae air hia go long east. Taem disfala air gogo long east, hem kamap moa cold and hevi and start for sink daon taem hem kasem Peru and Ecuador. Diswan mekem wanfala hae-pressure kamap klosap long antap bilong sea. Long low altitude, air wea olketa kolem trade wind hem go long west for Indonesia, and datwan hem completim datfala circle.
Hao nao olketa trade wind affectim temperature bilong tropical Pacific? Newsweek magasin hem sei: “Olketa wind hia hem olsem smol wind long wanfala smol pool, wea pushim go warm wata long western Pacific mekem antap bilong sea long there hem samting olsem 60 centimeter moa hae and 8 degrees Celsius moa warm winim ples olsem Ecuador.” Long eastern Pacific, wata wea fulap witim nutrient wea moa cold hem kamap from andanit, wea mekem olketa samting wea laef insaed long sea grow gud. So, long olketa normal year, or taem wea El Niño hem nomoa, temperature long antap bilong sea hem moa cold long east winim long west.
Wanem nao olketa change long air wea mekem El Niño kamap? National Geographic hem sei: “For olketa reason wea scientist no minim yet, evri tu-thri year olketa trade wind katdaon or lus nao.” Taem olketa wind hia katdaon, warm wata wea hipap klosap long Indonesia go bak long east, wea mekem temperature long antap bilong sea long Peru and olketa nara ples long east for kamap hae. Then gogo bilong wata affectim atmosphere. Wanfala buk hem sei: “Taem tropical Pacific Ocean long east hem kamap moa warm, diswan mekem Walker Circulation kamap wik and kosim olketa hevi rain for muv from western go long central and then long eastern tropical Pacific.” So, diswan affectim weather long full Pacific klosap long equator.
Olsem Big Stone Insaed Stream
El Niño savve changem tu weather long ples wea farawe from wata current bilong tropical Pacific. Hao nao olsem? Taem hem iusim atmospheric circulatory system. Wei wea local disturbance long atmospheric circulation savve affectim farawe ples wea olsem wei wea wanfala big stone long midol bilong stream savve affectim full wata long datfala stream. Olketa big rain cloud wea go ap from antap long wata bilong warm tropical sea kamap olsem wanfala big stone long atmosphere, wea affectim weather long farawe ples.
Taem hem muv north and south, El Niño kamap moa strong and changem olketa east wind current wea savve muv fast, wea olketa kolem jet stream. Olketa jet stream hia bossim gogo bilong planti cyclone long north and south olsem. Wei for strongim and muvim olketa jet stream savve strongim or daonem tu weather bilong olketa difren season. Example nao, winter bilong El Niño hem no cold tumas long samfala ples long north bilong United States, bat hem moa wet and cold long samfala ples long south.
Savve Talem Gogo Bilong Hem?
Olketa savve talem hao big nao wanfala cyclone only tu-thri day bifor datwan happen. Waswe, olketa savve talem tu wanem El Niño bae duim? Nomoa. No olsem wei for talem weather insaed short taem, weather report bilong El Niño hem abaotem weather wea no normal long bigfala area for planti month. And pipol wea duim research long weather win long samfala wei for talem weather report bilong El Niño.
Olsem example, olketa givim weather report for 1997-98 El Niño long May 1997—samting olsem six month bifor hem kamap. Long tropical Pacific distaem olketa putim 70 floater wea measurem wind antap long sea and hot bilong sea go daon kasem 500 meter. Taem information hia go insaed long computer bilong weather, diswan talem wanem kaen weather nao bae kamap.
Olketa early warning bilong El Niño savve helpem pipol for redy for olketa change wea shud kamap. Olsem example, start long 1983, weather report bilong El Niño long Peru encouragem planti farmer for feedim buluka and plantim kaikai wea fitim weather wea moa wet, and olketa fisherman no fishing for fish bat harvestim shrimp wea kamap staka bikos long wata wea moa warm. Tru nao, stretfala wei for talem weather witim wei for prepare firstaem savve daonem wei wea El Niño savve spoelem man and affectim living long saed bilong selen.
Research long saed bilong science long olketa samting wea kontrolem weather bilong earth hem pruvim hao toktok bilong King Solomon bilong Israel samting olsem 3,000 year go finis, hem barava tru. Hem raet olsem: “Wind hem go long south, and hem circle go long north. Hem go raon and raon, and long ples wea hem raon from wind hem go bak tu.” (Ecclesiastes 1:6) Man hem lanem planti samting abaotem weather taem hem studyim olketa wind current and sea current. Letem iumi kasem gud samting from datfala savve taem iumi obeyim olketa warning bilong kaen samting olsem El Niño.
[Olketa footnote]
a Long narasaed, La Niña (long Spanish languis hem minim “smol girl”) hem wei wea temperature bilong wata hem cold daon long sea klosap long western saed bilong South America. La Niña tu affectim weather long planti ples.
b Datfala loop hem nem followim Sir Gilbert Walker, scientist bilong Britain wea studyim datwan long olketa year bilong 1920.
[Piksa long page 17]
GOGO BILONG EL NIÑO FOR DISTROE
■ 1525: Firstfala record long history abaotem samting wea El Niño duim long Peru.
■ 1789-93: El Niño nao killim dae winim 600,000 pipol long India and kosim bigfala hangre long south part bilong Africa.
■ 1982-83: Diswan kosim winim 2,000 pipol for dae and spoelem ples and haos wea kostim winim $13 billion (U.S.), main wan long olketa tropical ples.
■ 1990-95: Thrifala samting wea happen bihaen narawan join tugeta mekem disfala El Niño go ahed for longtaem winim eni narataem.
■ 1997-98: Nomata olketa win long wei for talemaot weather report bilong flood and drae season bilong El Niño, samting olsem 2,100 pipol dae, and damage hem kasem $33 billion (U.S.) evriwea long world.
[Olketa piksa long page 14, 15]
(Lukim pablikeson for olketa nara information)
NORMAL
Gogo bilong Walker Circulation
Strong trade wind
Warm sea wata
Cold sea wata
EL NIÑO
Olketa jet stream changem gogo
Wik trade wind
Warm wata muv go long east
Moa warm or moa drae
Moa cold or moa wet
[Olketa piksa long page 16]
(Lukim pablikeson for olketa nara information)
EL NIÑO
Olketa red color antap long earth minim wata temperature wea warm winim normal
NORMAL
Warm wata hem hipap long western Pacific, diswan letem cold wata wea garem planti nutrient for kamap from andanit long east
EL NIÑO
Olketa wik trade wind letem warm wata for go bak long east, diswan blokem olketa cold wata andanit for kamap
[Olketa piksa long page 14, 15]
PERU
Sechura Desert wea flood
MEXICO
Hurricane Linda
CALIFORNIA
Olketa mud slide
[Credit Line]
Page 14-15 from left go long raet: Fotografía por Beatrice Velarde; Image produced by Laboratory for Atmospheres, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; FEMA photo by Dave Gatley