Road Tunnel wea Long Winim Eni Narawan Long World
FROM MAN WEA RAET FOR WEKAP! LONG NORWAY
SAPOS iu laek for lukim olketa haefala maunten, and bigfala cliff long saed sea, kam long west Norway! Bae iu sapraes fogud! And tu, hem garem olketa road wea no waed long olketa maunten and planti tunnel wea showimaot kleva wei bilong man for wakem samting. No longtaem go nomoa olketa finis for wakem niu tunnel—olketa win for duim wanfala barava hard project wea winim eni narawan olsem. Hem datfala Laerdal Tunnel, wea big winim eni nara road tunnel long world—wanfala main road wea long bilong hem 24.5 kilometer, and wea olketa digim go thru long barava hardfala rok! Tingim sapos iu draev go insaed disfala tunnel, and iu savve hao bihaen tu-thri minute nomoa iu bae anda long barava midol bilong maunten wea winim 1,000 meter hae!
Why nao olketa needim longfala tunnel olsem? Hem important part bilong main road for joinim tufala big taon long Norway, Oslo (datfala kapitol, long east) and Bergan (long saedsea long west). From snow and wind long cold season, hem hard for draev long olketa nara road wea akrosim olketa maunten midolwan tufala taon hia. Dastawe, olketa barava needim niu road wea isi for draev long hem taem weather hem nogud. Long 1992, gavman bilong Norway disaedem hao datfala niu road bae go thru long wanfala tunnel midolwan long tufala smol community bilong Aurland and Laerdal. Bihaen faev year bilong construction, olketa openem datfala tunnel long November 2000. Hao nao olketa win for buildim disfala hard samting? Waswe, tunnel hia hem sef? Hem feel hao for draev thru long hem? Iumi luk insaed.
Olketa Problem Bilong Construction
Tunnel joinim Laerdal and Aurland, bat olketa wakman start long thrifala ples long semtaem. Wanfala team start from each end, narafala team start for wakem wanfala tunnel for aotem smoke wea long bilong hem 2 kilometer, and wea bae meetim main tunnel 6.5 kilometer from Laerdal end bilong tunnel. Hao nao thrifala team hia bae fit for drillim olketa tunnel hia stret mekem thrifala evriwan savve meet long sem ples, deep insaed datfala maunten? For faendem barava ples wea each team bae start, olketa iusim olketa satellite navigation system, and olketa laser beam nao showim wei for olketa drill followim. Olketa laser beam hia kontrolem gogo bilong olketa drilling machine for mek sure each hol for putim samting for bosta bae long barava ples for hem.
For each bosta, olketa drillim maet 100 hol, and each hol hem 5.2 meter deep. Olketa putim 500 kilogram bilong samting for bosta long evri hol hia, wea bihaen hem bosta mekem samting olsem 500 cubic meter bilong gravel. Olketa lodem gravel hia insaed olketa trak and tekemawe. Bifor olketa savve start for drill moa, olketa mas strongim olketa wall and ruf bilong tunnel. Olketa iusim olketa longfala steel bolt, and sprayim olketa wall and ruf witim cement wea garem fiber, wea olketa kolem shotcrete. Each team savve digim maet 200 go kasem 230 meter evri week. Long September 1999, olketa dig thru long last sekson bilong rok taem tufala team wea waka long main tunnel meetim each other. And olketa miss long 50 centimeter nomoa! Fotin month bihaen, tunnel hem open long barava day wea olketa markem. Long datfala taem, kost hem kasem $120 million.
Hao Nao Olketa Mekem Wei for Aotem Smoke?
For mekem tunnel garem klin air hem wanfala challenge for olketa engineer. From hem klosap 20 minute for draev thru long Laerdal Tunnel, hem barava important for garem klin air for brithim. Hao nao olketa duim diswan?
Top bilong datfala 2 kilometer tunnel for aotem smoke, wea hem 6.5 kilometer from Laerdal end bilong tunnel, hem kamaot long wanfala valley klosap wea mekem hem olsem pipe for aotem smoke. Fresh air kam insaed tunnel from tufala end bilong main tunnel, and smoke from trak go aot long datfala tunnel for aotem smoke. Olketa savve iusim tufala strongfala fan wea stap insaed tunnel—wea savve aotem 1.7 million cubic meter bilong air evri hour—for aotem moa smoke taem smoke hia kamap big tumas. Disfala system mekem sekson bilong tunnel wea klosap long Laerdal garem inaf fresh air; bat, olketa mas duim moa samting for nara haf bilong tunnel klosap long Aurland, wea moa long. So, olketa putim nara 32 fan wea moa smol insaed main tunnel for pushim moa air go long tunnel for aotem smoke. Bat, taem disfala air hem gogo from Aurland saed kasem start bilong tunnel for aotem smoke wea farawe lelebet, hem kamap moa and moa dirty. Hao nao olketa savve fixim disfala problem?
Olketa buildim wanfala air treatment plant for klinim air insaed nara tunnel wea 100 meter long and wea followim main tunnel, and wea start 9.5 kilometer from Aurland end bilong tunnel. Tufala end bilong disfala tunnel joinim main tunnel. Air long main tunnel hem go insaed disfala nara tunnel, wea hem aotem klosap 90 percent bilong dust and nitrogen dioxide from datfala air.
Witim disfala system for klinim air, disfala Laerdal Tunnel savve provaedem klin air nomata klosap 400 car go insaed evri hour. Olketa sensor insaed tunnel chekim air and kontrolem olketa samting for mek sure air hem go ahed for klin. Sapos pollution hem kamap big tumas, bae olketa klosim tunnel, bat diswan no happen yet.
Hao Sef Nao Tunnel?
Samfala pipol fraet for draev thru long wanfala tunnel. Diswan witim wei wea samfala serious accident and fire happen no longtaem go nomoa long tu-thri nara tunnel long Europe mekem olketa barava ting strong for mekem disfala Laerdal Tunnel hem sef. Wanem nao olketa duim for mekem disfala tunnel sef?
Kontrol center long Laerdal chekim evritaem olketa security system insaed tunnel, and sapos samting happen wea mekem hem no sef, bae olketa klosim tunnel. Olketa duim planti samting for mek sure olketa savve aotem olketa trak and klosim tunnel kwiktaem. Olketa putim tu olketa emergency telephone evri 250 meter, and tufala fire extinguisher evri 125 meter. Datfala kontrol center stretawe savve sapos samwan tekem wanfala fire extinguisher and olketa savve which wan nao olketa tekem. Taem samwan tekem wanfala fire extinguisher, olketa red traffic laet warnim olketa draeva for no go insaed tunnel, and olketa saen and laet insaed tunnel showim olketa draeva which wei nao hem sef for go aot from tunnel and awe from danger. Olketa draeva savve tanem trak raon bikos evri 500 meter olketa mekem ples for car savve tan raon and olketa wakem 15-fala ples wea bigfala trak savve tan raon. Tunnel garem tu radio antenna system wea olketa savve iusim for story long olketa draeva thru long car radio bilong olketa. Olketa system for kaont and tekem foto help for chekim evri trak wea go insaed and kamaot from tunnel. Olketa bigman sei diswan hem barava hae level bilong security taem olketa tingim hao no enitaem staka trak bae insaed long tunnel wantaem.
Hao Nao Tunnel Hia Hem Difren?
Hem feel hao for draev thru long disfala tunnel? Wanfala important goal bilong olketa engineer hem for pipol feel hapi for draev thru long tunnel mekem olketa feel sef and draev long sef wei. For kasem diswan, olketa askem help from olketa traffic psychologist long wanfala research institute and olketa savveman for wakem laet, and tu wanfala draeving simulator.
Wanem nao kamaot from diswan? Well, tunnel hem no barava stret. Wei wea road hem bend lelebet helpem olketa draeva for stap wekap, bat olketa savve lukim 1,000 meter long front. Olketa bend mekem hem moa isi tu for luksavve hao farawe nao olketa nara trak wea go long opposite wei. Thrifala big area olsem cave stap for mekem datfala gogo hem interesting. Diswan mekem hem feel olsem iu draev thru long fofala short tunnel no wanfala nomoa wea barava long. Olketa spesol laet wea olketa putim long olketa big cave hia, wea yellow or green long floor and blue antap, mekem hem luk olsem laet from sun hem kam insaed and taem sun hem kamap. Olketa samting hia witim wei wea tunnel hem garem inaf laet mekem staka draeva feel hapi and sef.
Distaem, pipol savve enjoyim disfala spesol experience for draev thru long road tunnel wea long winim evri narawan long world. Wei wea olketa win for duim disfala hardfala project hem mekem wanfala gudfala road wea man savve trustim midolwan long east and west Norway. Hem wanfala strongfala pruv bilong wanem man savve duim taem hem iusim savve bilong hem for wakem samting.
[Piksa long page 21]
(Lukim pablikeson for olketa nara information)
Road wea tunnel followim
Laerdal ← → Aurland
[Piksa long page 23]
(Lukim pablikeson for olketa nara information)
Laerdal Tunnel
Olketa main road
↑ For kasem Laerdal
→ E16 go for Oslo
* Ples wea olketa impulse fan stap
Wei wea air muv followim
↓
maunten cave
↓
Fan station → tunnel for aotem smoke
↑
*
↑
maunten cave
↑
*
air-treatment plant
↑
*
maunten cave
*
↑
*
↑
Wei wea air muv followim
Aurland
↓ E16 go for Bergen
1 mile
1 kilometer
[Credit Line]
Statens vegvesen, Sogn og Fjordane
[Map on page 20]
(Lukim pablikeson for olketa nara information)
NORWAY
Laerdal Tunnel
Bergen E16 OSLO
[Piksa long page 21]
Laerdal entrance
[Piksa long page 21]
Drawing bilong air-treatment plant
[Piksa long page 21]
Insaed bilong tunnel, wea showim olketa steel bolt wea holemap olketa wall and ruf
[Piksa long page 22]
Tunnel garem klosap 100 emergency telephone and klosap 400 fire extinguisher
[Piksa long page 22]
Hem garem thrifala maunten cave wea garem olketa spesol kala laet
[Credit Line long page 20]
Lukluk from antap: Foto: Leiv Bergum; air treatment plant: ViaNova A/S; olketa nara piksa long page 20-2: Statens vegvesen, Sogn og Fjordane