Mahsen En Koht Kin Momour Kohkohlahte
“Mahsen en atail Koht kin momour kohkohlahte.”—AISEIA 40:8.
1. (a) Ia wehwehn wasaht me kosoia “mahsen en atail Koht”? (b) Iaduwen inou kan en aramas kin kaparekiong mahsen en Koht?
ARAMAS kin kalap kihong arail likilik nan inou en ohl oh lih lapalap kan. Ahpw mendahki ia uwen kaselel inou pwukat ong aramas kan me inengieng arail mour en mwahula, re duwehte rohs mengila kei ni ahr kaparekiong mahsen en atail Koht. (Melkahka 146:3, 4) Pohnangin sounpar 2,700 samwalahro, Siohwa Koht kamwekidada soukohp Aiseia en ntingihdi: “Aramas koaros ar rasehngalahr dipwen nansapw akan; ar lingan sohte kin wereisang lingan en rohsen nanwel kan. . . . Ehi, dihpw kin mengila oh rohs kin pwupwudi, ahpw mahsen en atail Koht kin mour poatopoat.”
2. Pahn lamalam oh wiewia dah me Siohwa kapwaiada sapwellime mahsen me pid Israel oh Suhda en mahs?
2 Aramas kan me momour ni mwein Israel en mahso kin lelohng mehlel en dahme Aiseia ntingihdi. Ki sapwellime soukohp kan, Siohwa ketin kohpada me, pwehki ahr salelepek laud ong ih, keiou wehi keinek-eiseko en Israel oh mwuri wehi keinek-riau en Suda pahn kalipilipla. (Seremaia 20:4; Eimwos 5:2, 27) Mendahki re kaloke, pil kemehla, sapwellimen Siohwa soukohp kan, isikda doarepwe limilim ehu me audaudki rong en peneu en Siohwa, oh pekih Isip en sawaski nah sounpei kan pwehn irehdi ah pweida, ahpw mahsen en Siohwa sohte sapwungala, e pweida. (Seremaia 36:1, 2, 21-24; 37:5-10;Luk 13:34) Pil ehu, inou en Koht en kapwurehdo luhwen mehn Suhs kan me koluhla ong sapwarail pweida kapwuriamwei.—Aiseia, irelaud 35.
3. (a) Inou dahkei me Aiseia kileledi me kitail en insenohki? (b) Dahme karehda komw kamehlele me mepwukat pahn uhdahn pweida?
3 Ki Aiseia, Siohwa pil ketin kohpada duwen kaunda pwung pohn tohnsampah ki Mesaia, oh kamaiou sang dihp oh mehla, oh pil kawiliakapwlahn sampah ong ni paradais ehu. (Aiseia 9:6, 7; 11:1-9; 25:6-8; 35:5-7; 65:17-25) Mepwukat pil pahn pweida? Uhdahn ni soh peikidpe! “Koht, me sohte kin ketin likamw.” E kupwurehda pwe sapwellime mahsen en ntingdi ong kamwahupatail, oh e ketin apwaliala pwe sapwellime mahsen en nekinekla.—Taitus 1:2; Rom 15:4.
4. Mendahki tepin doarepwe kan me Paipel ntingdi loale sohte nekinekla, iaduwen e mehlel me mahsen en Koht me “momour”?
4 Siohwa sohte ketin nekidala tepin doarepwe kan me sapwellime sounnting kan en mahs ntingihdi kokohp kan loale. Ahpw sapwellime “mahsen,” kupwure, kin sansalda ah kin wia mahsen momour ehu. Kupwureo kin mwekimwekidwei mwowe, oh nin doken e wia met, lamalam kan oh ineng kan en loalen aramas kan me ahr mour kin mwekidki met kin sansalda. (Ipru 4:12) Pil ehu, nting poadoapoad kan kasalehda me nekineklahn oh kawehwehn pein Pwuhk Sarawi kin kohsang ni sawas en Koht.
Ni Ah Kin Lelohng Songosong Kan en Kauhdi
5. (a) Dahme emen nanmwarki en Siria nantiong wia pwehn kauwehla Pali Nting Sarawi en Ipru? (b) Dahme karehda e sohte pweikihda?
5 Pak tohto, kaun akan kin nantiong pwehn kauwehla nting sarawi kan. Nan pahr 168 B.C.E., Nanmwarki en Siria Antiochus Epiphanes me sansalda ni pali 20) kauwada pei sarawi ehu ong Seus nan tehnpaso me kasarawihong Siohwa. E pil ‘rapahkihda pwuhk kan en Kosonnedo,’ oh isikida, oh pakairki me ma mie emen me naineki soahngen Pwuhk Sarawi pwukat pahn kamakamla. Mendahki ia uwen tohtohn kopi me isihsla nan Serusalem oh Sudia, e sohte kak kihsang douluhl Pwuhk Sarawi. Pwihn en mehn Suhs akan ni ahnsouwo kin mihseli nan sahpw tohto, oh ehu ehu sinakoke kin naineki ekei Nting Sarawi kan.—Kaparekiong Wiewia 13:14, 15.
6. (a) Songosong kehlail dah me wiawihda pwehn kauwehla Pwuhk Sarawi me Kristian kan en mahs kin doadoahngki? (b) Ia imwilahn met?
6 Nan pahr 303 B.C.E., Nanmwarki en Rom Diocletian pil wiahda kosonned en kauwehla douluhl wasahn tupenen Kristian akan oh neirail ‘Pwuhk Sarawi kan en isihskihla kisiniei.’ Soahngen kauwehla wet wiawi erein sounpar eisek. Mendahki kalokoloko inenin suwed, Diocletian sohte pweida ni ah song en kauhdi pelien Kristian, oh Koht pil sohte mweidong wiliepen nanmwarkio en kauwehla ehute kopi en sapwellime Mahsen Sarawi. Ahpw sang arail mwekidki kohpeseng oh kalohkpen Mahsen en Koht, sounuhwong kan kasalehda dahme mih nan mohngiong arail. Re pein kasalehda me irail aramas kan me Sehdan kamaskuniehla oh re kapwaiada dahme Sehdan kin pwungki.—Sohn 8:44; 1 Sohn 3:10-12.
7. (a) Nannanti dahkei me wiawihda pwehn irehdi kalohkpen loalokong en Paipel ni palikapi en Iurop? (b) Ia imwilahn kaukawehwe oh ntingdahn Paipel?
7 Songosong kan en kauhdi kalohkpen loalokong en Paipel pil wiawihda ni mwohmw teikan. Ni ahnsou me lokaiahn Latin sohla kadoadoahk, kaidehn kaun en peiken kan ahpw irail kan me dene irail Kristian duwehte—Pope Gregory VII (1073-85) oh Pope Innocent III (1198-1216)— me kin uhwong kehlail kawehwehdien Paipel ong ni lokaia me aramas sohte sukuhl en sarawi kan kin doadoahngki. Ni arail song en kihsang lamalam kan me kin uhwong manaman en sarawio, Roman Kadolik Council en Toulouse, France, nan 1922, wiahda kosonned me aramas me sohte ale kasukuhl en arail sarawio sohte pahn ahneki mweimwei en naineki pwuhk en Paipel kan ni lokaiahn aramas me sohte sukuhl en sarawio. Re doadoahngki Inquisition ni alen lemei pwehn idikiong aramas kan en peikiong arail kosonnedo. Ahpw mendahki met, mwurin sounpar 400 en Inquisitiono, irail kan me kin poakohng Mahsen en Koht kawehwehdi Paipel pwon oh kihpesengehr ekei pali nting kan en met ni lokaia 20 samwa, patohng soahngen lokaiahn sahpw kan me aramas malaulau keite kin lokaiahki, oh pali laud en met ni lokaia 16.
8. Erein pahr 1800, dahme wiawi nan doadoahk en kawehwe oh kohpeseng en Paipel nan Russia?
8 Kaidehn Sarawi en Roman Kadilok te me ki songosong en irehdi Paipel sang aramas me sohte ale kasukuhl en arail sarawio. Nan tepin 1800, Pavsky, emen sounpadahk ni St. Petersburg Academy of Divinity, kawehwe Rongamwahu en Madiu sang ni lokaiahn Krihk ong ni lokaiahn Russia. Pwuhk teikan en Kristian Nting Sarawi en Krihk pil kawehwehdi ong ni lokaiahn Russia, oh Pavsky me wia sounnting. Kawehwe pwukat eri tohto ah kohpeseng lau, sang ni mwekid en kaun en lamalam kan, nan 1826 nanmwarki en Russia mihla pahn idihd en kihla pwihn en kawehwe Paipel me adaneki Russian Bible Society pahn epwelpen “Holy Synod” en Sarawi en Russian Orthodox, me ni ahnsouwo pweida ni ah irehdi doadoahk koaros en en pwihn en Russian Bible Society. Mwuri, Pavsky kawehwehdi Nting Sarawi en Ipru sang ni lokaiahn Ipru ong ni lokaiahn Russia. Ni ahnsouwohte, Makarios, emen sang en Sarawi en Orthodox Church, pil kawehwe Nting Sarawi en Ipru sang ni lokaiahn Ipru ong ni lokaiahn Russia. Ira koaros ale kalokpen dahme re wia, oh ara kawehwe kan mihla nan wasahn nekinek en sarawio. Sarawio kin nantiong en kolokolte Paipel ni lokaiahn Slavonic me kin kadoadoahk mahso, me ni ahnsouwo aramas me sohte ale kasukuhl en sarawio sohte pahn kak wadek de wehwehki. Ihte ni ahnsou me re sohla kak irehdi aramas kan ahr nannanti en alehda loalokong en Paipel me “Holy Synod,” nan 1856, wiahda pein ah kawehwe, e wia met ni ah idawen kaweid kan me wiawihda ni keneinei pwehn tehk mwahu me lokaia kan me e doadoahngki pahn parekiong en sarawio padahk kan. Ihme karehda, me pid kalohkpen Mahsen en Koht, perepe ehu eri sansalda nanpwungen mwomwen pali liki en kaun en lamalam kan oh ngehnerail, duwen me sansalda sang arail lokaia kan oh wiewia kan.—2 Deselonika 2:3, 4.
Pere Mahseno Pwehn Dehr Saminla
9. Iaduwen ekei sounkawehwehn Paipel kan kasalehda arail poakohng Mahsen en Koht?
9 Nanpwungen irail ko me kawehwe oh ntingih sapahl Pwwuhk Sarawi iei ohl akan me uhdahn kin poakohng Mahsen en Koht oh nantiong kawehwe pwe koaros en kak wadek. William Tyndale kamakamla (nan 1536) pwehki dahme e wiahda ni ah kawehwe Paipel ong ni lokaiahn Inglis. Kadolik Inquisition salihdi Francisco de Enzinas (mwurin 1544) pwehki ah kawehwe oh ntingihda Kristian Pali Nting en Krihk ong ni lokaiahn Spain. Mendahki ah mour mihla nan keper, Robert Morrison (sang 1807 lel 1818) kawehwehda Paipel ong ni lokaiahn Saina.
10. Karasepe dahkei kasalehda me mie sounkawehwe kan me kin mwekidki soahng teikan likin limpoak ong Mahsen en Koht?
10 Ahpw, ni ahnsou kan, mie soahng kan likin limpoak ong Mahsen en Koht me kin kamwekidih doadoahk en sounnting sapahl kan oh sounkawehwe kan. Tehk karaspe pahieu pwukat: (1) Mehn Sameria kan kauwada tehnpas sarawi ehu pohn Dohlen Kerisim pwehn siaiong tehnpaso nan Serusalem. Pwehn utungada met, wekideklahn kawehwe ehu wiawihda nan Eksodus 20:17 nan nein mehn Sameria kan Pentateuch. Kekehliko me kapatapatohng, me mwomwen kisehn Decalogue, en kauwada pei sarawi takai ehu pohn Dohlen Kerisim oh en wia meirong wasao. (2) Aramaso me tepin kawehwe pwuhk en Daniel ong lokaiahn Krihk me adaneki Septuagint pein wiahda ah kawehwe kan. E kapatahong kawehwe kan me e lemeleme me pahn kawehwehda de kaloalehla dahme mih ni lokaiahn Ipru. E kihsang loale ire kan me e lemeleme me sohte pahn pwungiong irail ko me wadek. Ni ahnsou me e kawehwe kokohp me pid ahnsou me Mesaia pahn pwarada, me dierek nan Daniel 9:24-27, e kawehwe sapwung ahnsouwo oh kapatahong ire teikan, oh pil wekidala lokaia kan, oh pil wekidala kawehweho, pwehki e medemedewe en kawehwe me kokohpo kin utung wiewiahn Maccabees kan. (3) Nan pahr 300 C.E., nan ehu doarepwehn Latin, emen me kin nohn ngoangki utungada padahk en Trinity kin sansal kapatahong lokaia ko “nanleng, Sahm, Mahseno, oh ngehn; oh irail meh silimen pwukat kin wia emente” ni mwomwen me lokaia pwukat kohsang nan 1 Sohn 5:7. Mwuri ire wet kohieng nan Paipel en Latin. (4) Louis XIII (1610-43), nan France, kamanahla Jacques Corbin en kawehwe Paipel ong ni lokaiahn Prans pwehn kaparekiong dahme Prohs kan kin wia. Ki lamalam wet, Corbin kapatahong ire kan me e wekidala kawehweparail, iangahki ireo me dene Wiewia 13:2 kin kosoia me mie “meirong sarawi en Mihsa.”
11. (a) Iaduwen Mahsen en Koht kin wie mehlelte mendahki kawehwe likamw en ekei sounkawehwe kan? (b) Ia uwen mehn kadehde sang doarepehn mahs kan me pahn kadehdehda dahme Paipel tepin mahsanih? (Kilang koakon.)
11 Siohwa sohte ketin irehdi sang soahngen kawehwe pwukat endehr wiawihong sapwellime Mahsen, oh e pil sohte ketin wekidala kupwure. Ia lipwen met? Ahr kapatahong ire kan me pid Dohlen Kerisim sohte karehong kaudek en Sameria en wiahla wilipen Koht ong en kapaiada tohnsampah. Ahpw, e wia mehn kadehde me, mendahki kaudek en Sameria kin kose me dene e kamehlele Pentateuch, sohte me kak likih me e kak padahki padahk mehlel. (Sohn 4:20-24) Kawekila lokaia kan nan kawehwehn lokaiahn Ipru ong ni lokaiahn Krihk me adaneki Septuagint sohte irehd Masaia sang en dehr pwarada ni ahnsouwo me soukohp Daniel kohpada me e pahn pwarada. Pil ehu, mendahki kawehwehn lokaiahn Ipru ong ni lokaiahn Krihk me adaneki Septuagint kin kadoadoahk nan keiou senturi, e sansal me mehn Suhs kan kin ahn rong Pwuhk Sarawi wadawad nan arail sinakoke kan. Pwehki met, “aramas kan kin kasikasik” ni ahnsouwo me pweidahn kokohpo kerendo. (Luk 3:15) Nin duwen wekilahn kawehwe me wiawihong 1 Sohn 5:7 pwehn utungada padahk en Trinity oh Wiewia 13:2 me dene Mihsa pwung, padahk pwukat sohte wekidala padahk mehlel. Oh kedekedeo padahk pwukat sansalda me re likamw. Wasa kan me tepin nting kan en Paipel kin nekinekla ie kin kihda mehn kasawih mehlelen kawehwe koaros.
12. (a) Wekidekla toutou dahkei ekei sounkawehwehn Paipel kan wiahda? (b) Ia uwen laud en wekidekla pwukat?
12 Ekei me kin nantiong wekidala kawhewehn Pwuhk Sarawi kin pidada laud sang ihte wekid lokaiahn ekei ire kan. Mepwukat kin pidada uhwongada kasansaldahn ihs me Koht mehlelo. Irair oh uwen laud en wekidekla kan kin kihda mehn kadehde kehlail me irail pwukat me wiahda wekidekla pwukat kin mih pahn manaman ehu me kehlail sang aramas koaros oh pil pwihn en aramas—ehi, pahn manaman en imwintihti lapalap en Siohwa, Sehdan me Tepel. Ni ahr dukla pahn ah manaman, sounkawehwe kan oh sounnting sapahl kan—ekei perenki, ah meteikan pweieki—tepiada kihsang mwaren Koht, Siohwa, nan sapwellime Mahsen sarawi nan wasa kid kan me re pwarada ie. Nan ahnsou keren kan, ekei kawehwe sang lokiaiahn Ipru ong Krihk, Latin, Sehmen, Inglis, Itali, oh Dutch, nanpwungen lokaia teikan, kin kihsang douluhl mwahr sarawio de doadoahngki nan ekeite wasa. E pil sohla kadoadoahk nan kopi kan en Kristian Nting Sarawi en Krihk.
13. Dahme karehda paraparalahn songosong en kawekila Paipel sohte imwikihla aramas arail manokehla mwaren Koht?
13 Mendahki met, aramas sohte manokehla mwahr lingano. Kawehwe kan en Nting Sarawi en Ipru ong Spain, Portugal, Sehmen, Inglis, French, oh lokaia tohto teikan, kin ni mehlel doadoahngki mwaren Koht. Lau lel nan senturi 16, mwaren Koht pil tepiada pwurehng pwarada nan soahngen kawehwehn Ipru en Kristian Nting Sarawi en Krihk; lau lel senturi 18, ni lokaiahn Sehmen; lau lel nan senturi 19, ni lokaiahn Croatia oh Inglis. Mendahki ma aramas pahn song en ekihla mwaren Koht, ni ahnsou me “rahn en Siohwa” pahn kohdo, eri, nin duwen me Koht kasalehda, ‘wehi kan pahn ese me ngehi me Siohwa.’ Kupwuren Kohto pahn pweida douluhl.—2 Piter 3:10; Esekiel 38:23; Aiseia 11:9; 55:11.
Rohng me Kohpeseng Nan Sampah Pwon
14. (a) Lau lel pahr 1900, ni lokaia depe kan en wehin Iurop me Paipel ntingda, oh ia lipwen met? (b) Lau lel ni imwin 1914, ni lokaia depe en wehin Aperika me e ntingda?
14 Lau lel tepin pahr 1900, Paipel ntingdahr ni lokaia 94 en Iurop. E kehsehki tohnsukuhl en Paipel kan nan sahpw ko ire mehlelo me wiewiahn sampah kapwuriamwei kan pahn kohkihdo kaimwseklahn Ahnsoun Mehn Liki kan nan 1914, oh ni mehlel met pweida! (Luk 21:24) Mwohn pahro 1914 tepida, Paipel pwon de ekei pwuhk kan loale, ntingdahr ni lokaia 157 en Aperika, likin lokaiahn Inglis, French, oh Portugal me kalap kadoadoahk. Ihme met wiahda poahson en kasukuhlih me karakarak kan en keinek tohto oh wehi tohto me kin kousoan wasa ko padahk mehlel ngehnin kamaiou kan.
15. Nin doken imwin rahn akan tepiada, ia uwen tohtohlahn Paipel ah miehla ni lokaia kan en aramas kan nan weih kan en North Amerika, South Amerika, oh Central Amerika?
15 Nin doken sampah pedolong ong nan imwin rahn akan me mih nan kokohp, Paipel miher wasa koaros nan wehi kan me adaneki North Amerika, South Amerika, oh Central Amerika. Irail kan me kohsang Iurop wakohdo soangsoangen arail lokaia kan. Prokram en kasukuhl en Paipel wiawihda, iangahki padahk en wehi pokon oh kohpeseng en pwuken Paipel kan nan sampah pwon sang rehn Tohnsukuhl en Paipel kan, eden Sounkadehde kan en Siohwa ahnsouwo. Patohngete met, pwihn en wiahda Paipel kan ntingihdahr Paipel ni lokaia 57 likin met pwehn kaitarala anahn en pwilidak en irail kan me kohsang ni Palikapi en sampah.
16, 17. (a) Ia uwen tohtohlahn Paipel ni ahnsou me kalohk nan sampah pwon tepiada? (B) Iaduwen Paipel kadehdehda ni mehlel me e wia pwuhk ehu me momour oh lipwalipw?
16 Ni ahnsouwo me kalohkpen rongamwahuwo pahn lohkseli nan sampah pwon pahn kohdo mwohn ‘imwi pahn kohdo,’ Paipel sohte wia mehkot kapw ong sapwen Asia kan oh kisin dekehn Pacific kan. (Madiu 24:14) E kawehwehdier ni lokaia 232 en sahpw pwukat. Ekei iei Paipel pwon me kawehwehdi; ah me tohto iei kawehwehn Nting Sarawi en Krihk; meteikan iei pwuhk ehu sang nan Nting Sarawi kan.
17 E sansal me, Paipel sohte kin mihmihte lau lel ahnsouwet pwehn wiahte kepwehn kasansal nan wasahn kapoudiahl en kepwehn mahs akan. Nanpwungen pwuhk kan koaros me mihmihte sang mahso, e wia pwuhk ehu me keiou tohto ah kawehwehdi oh kohpeseng. Me parekiong mehn kadehde me Koht kin kupwure, dahme ntingdi nan pwuhk wet pahn pweida. Ah padahk kan oh ngehn me kin utungada kin pil wia lipwalipw mwahu ong mouren aramas kan nan sahpw tohto. (1 Piter 1:24, 25) Ahpw mehkot laud sang met pahn pil kohdo—mehkot me laud sang douluhl.
Komw Tamataman?
◻ Dahkot “mahsen en Koht” me kin momour kohkohlahte?
◻ Songosong dahkei me kin wiawihda pwehn irehdi Paipel, oh ia imwilahn met?
◻ Iaduwen mehlelen Paipel ah pereperla?
◻ Iaduwen mahsen en Koht duwen kupwure sansalda me e wia mahsen me momour?
[Koakon nan pali 22]
Kitail Uhdahn Ese Dahme Tepin Nting en Paipel Mahsanih?
Mpen doaropwe me ntingki peh ni lokaiahn Ipru en mahs 6,000 me kadehdehda mehlel en audepen Pali Nting Sarawi en Ipru. Ekei nting pwukat ntingda mwohn ni mwein Kristian kan. Mpen doaropwe nting en mahs 19 en Pali Nting Sarawi en Ipru me ntingda unsek me wiawihda me mihmiehte. Patohngete met, sangete ni ahnsouwo, mie kawehwe kan me wiawihda ni lokaia 28 teikan.
Ong Pali Nting Sarawi en Krihk, mpen doaropwe nting en Krihk en mahs 5,000 me wadawadi. Ehu doaropwe nting pwukat ntingda nan pahro mwohn pahr 125 C.E., sounpahr keite mwurin ahnsou me e tepin ntingda. Oh ekei kisehn nting pwukat ntingda mwohn nting pwukat. Ong pwuhk en Paipel 22 sang nanpwungen meh 27, mie doaropwe nting en Krihk meh 10 lel meh 19 me ntingda unsek sang senturi kapahieu lel kawaluh A.D. Nempehn doaropwe nting en mahs me ntingda ahnsou pwuhko me keieu malaulau en pwuhk kan nan kisehn Paipel iei meh siluh—pwuhken Kaudiahl. Ehu doaropwe nting en mahs en Pali Nting Sarawi me ntingda unsek, wiawihda nan senturi kapahieu C.E.
Sohte pwuhk en mahs ehu me ale mehn kadehde sang mehn kadehde tohto en mahs pwukat.