Ponsiyo Pilato yari nde?

“WA MUGABO w’akagaye kandi akekeranya yitwa Pilato, ni umuntu yabayeho muri kahise tuguma twibaza ivyiwe. Bamwe babona ko ari umweranda, abandi na bo bakabona ko ari akarorero ruheta k’ubugoyagoye bw’abantu, akongera akaba akarorero ntangere k’umunyapolitike yemera ko umuntu yicwa kugira habe itekane”.​—Vyakuwe mu gitabu citwa Ponsiyo Pilato (mu congereza), canditswe n’uwitwa Ann Wroe.

Ponsiyo Pilato waba umubona muri ubwo buryo canke atari ukwo umubona, yarihesheje izina bivuye ku kuntu yavyifashemwo ku vyerekeye Yezu Kirisitu. None Pilato yari nde? Ni ibiki bizwi ku bimwerekeye? Gutahura neza kuruta igiti yari afise biratuma turushiriza gutahura neza ibintu vyashitse bihambaye kuruta ibindi vyose vyigeze kuba kw’isi.

Igiti yari afise, amabanga yari ajejwe be n’ububasha yari afise

Umwami w’abami w’Umuroma Tiberiyo yagenye Pilato kuba buramatari w’intara y’i Yudaya mu 26 G.C. Abategetsi nk’abo bari abo mu bitwa abagendera ku mafarasi, bano bakaba bari abanyacubahiro batobato ubagereranije n’abanyacubahiro bo mu rwego nkenguzamateka. Pilato ashobora kuba yagiye mu gisoda ari igisongerezi c’intwazangabo, ni ukuvuga umugabisha w’abasoda wo mu rwego rwo hasi, akaba yagiye araduzwa amapete mu bihe bikurikirana yagiye arashingwamwo ibikorwa, araheza agenwa kuba buramatari ataranashikana imyaka 30.

Igihe Pilato yaba ari mu mwambaro wa gisirikare, yambara ikanzu y’urusato igera ku mavi be n’icuma gikingira igikiriza. Atari mu vya gisirikare na ho, yambara umutamana wera wari ukikujweko agatambara gasa n’umutugutu. Yari afise umushatsi mukeyi, kandi ubwanwa bwiwe bwose yama yabumoye. Naho abantu bamwebamwe biyumvira ko yava muri Esupanye, izina ryiwe risa n’iryerekana ko yari uwo mu muryango w’Abaponti, bano bakaba bari abanyacubahiro b’Abasaminite baturuka mu Bumanuko bw’Ubutaliyano.

Abategetsi bo mu rwego rumwe na Pilato bakunda kurungikwa mu turere tukiri inyuma y’amajambere. Abaroma babona ko n’i Yudaya hari hakiri inyuma y’amajambere. Uretse ko Pilato yari ajejwe kurwanya umudurumbanyo, yaranahagarikira itozwa rya mwene ya makori yongerwa ku biciro vy’ibidandazwa ugasanga arishwe n’abaguzi, be n’ikori ry’umutwe. Sentare z’Abayuda ni zo zitaho ibibazo bisanzwe bijanye n’ubutungane, ariko imanza zisaba gucira umuntu urwo gupfa, biboneka ko zashikanwa kwa buramatari, kubera ko ari we yari umucamanza yari hejuru ya bose.

Pilato n’umugore wiwe baba mu gisagara c’i Kayisariya cari ku nkengera y’ikiyaga, bakaba bari bafise umugwi mutoyi w’abakozi ugizwe n’abakarani, abagendanyi, be n’intwarabutumwa. Pilato yagaba imigwi itanu y’abasoda barwanira hasi, umwumwe wose ukaba wari ugizwe n’ingabo ziri hagati ya 500 na 1.000, akagaba n’umugwi w’abarwanira ku mafarasi ushobora kuba wari ugizwe n’ingabo 500. Vyarashika kenshi abasoda biwe bakamanika abantu baba barenze ku mategeko. Mu gihe c’amahoro, abicwa babanza gusambishwa ivy’indenzirenzi, ariko mu gihe c’imigumuko ababa bagararije baca bicwa ubwo nyene kandi bakicwa ari ikivunga. Nk’akarorero, Abaroma baramanitse abagurano 6.000 kugira ngo bahashe abagumutsi bari bayobowe n’uwitwa Spartacus. Mu bisanzwe, igihe haba hasa n’ahagiye kuba umudugararo muri Yudaya, buramatari yarashobora kwitura intumwa y’umwami w’abami i Siriya, iyo ntumwa ikaba yagaba amalegiyono, ni ukuvuga imigwi mininiminini yari igizwe n’ingabo ibihumbi. Ariko rero, mu gihe Pilato yamaze ari buramatari, akenshi iyo ntumwa si ho yaba iri, Pilato akaba rero yategerezwa guhagarika imigumuko mu maguru masha.

Ba buramatari barahanahana cane amakuru n’umwami w’abami. Umwami w’abami yategerezwa gushikirizwa raporo zijanye n’ingorane zashobora kugira ico zihinduye ku cubahiro c’umwami w’abami canke ibintu vyose vyaba bigeramiye ubutegetsi bw’Uburoma, hanyuma agaca atanga amategeko. Buramatari yarashobora kwitwararika guha umwami w’abami raporo y’ivyaba vyabereye mu ntara atwara imbere y’uko abandi bitwara. Kubera ko hagira haduke umudugararo i Yudaya, Pilato yabona ko mwene izo ngorane ziriho koko.

Turetse inkuru zo mu Njili, umutohozakahise yitwa Flavius Josèphe be n’umutohozakahise yitwa Filo, ni bo ahanini dukesha amakuru yerekeye Pilato. Umutohozakahise w’Umuroma yitwa Tasito na we aravuga ko Pilato yishe Christus (ari we Kirisitu), uwo abakirisu bitirirwa.

Abayuda basomborotswa

Josèphe avuga ko ba buramatari b’Abaroma bari baririnze kwinjiza i Yeruzalemu ibimenyetso vya gisirikare vyariko ishusho y’umwami w’abami, kubera yuko bagomba kwubahiriza Abayuda, bo baterekwa ivy’ugukora ibishushanyo. Pilato we ntiyirinze kugira ico kintu, bica bituma Abayuda bashangashiwe bihutira kuja i Kayisariya kwerekana ishavu bafise. Imisi itanu yarahaciye Pilato ataragira ikintu na kimwe akoze. Ku musi ugira gatandatu, yarategetse abasoda biwe gukikuza abo bantu bari bagumutse, abategeka no kubatera ubwoba bababwira ko baza kwicwa nibatashwiragira. Igihe Abayuda bavuga ko bopfuma bapfa aho kureka ngo Ivyagezwe vyabo birengweko, Pilato yaciye ashira aho bashaka maze ategeka ko bakuraho nya bimenyetso.

Pilato yari ashoboye gukoresha inguvu. Hari inkuru yanditswe na Josèphe ivuga yuko igihe kimwe Pilato yatanguye gukora umuhora wo kwinjiza amazi i Yeruzalemu, amahera yo mu kigega c’urusengero aba ari yo yikorako mu kurangura ico gikorwa. Pilato ntiyagiye kwiha ayo mahera, kubera yuko yari asanzwe azi ko gusahura urusengero ari ubuyobe, akaba kandi yari azi ko ivyo vyari gutuma Abayuda bashangashiwe basaba Tiberiyo ko Pilato yotanga imihoho. Biboneka rero ko Pilato yabifashijwemwo n’abakuru b’urusengero. Amahera yaba yarashikaniwe Imana, ayo bita “korubani”, yarashobora gukoreshwa mu buryo buhuye n’amategeko mu kurangura ibikorwa vya Leta biteza imbere igisagara. Ariko, Abayuda ibihumbi barahuriye hamwe kugira bavyiyamirize.

Pilato yaciye arungika ingabo ziwe gucangana n’iryo sinzi ry’abari bagumutse, azitegeka ko zitokoresha inkota ariko ko zobakubitisha amahiri. Biboneka ko yashaka gutururuza iryo sinzi ata maraso yiriwe araseseka. Bisa n’uko vyagenze nk’uko yavyipfuza naho hari abapfuye. Ababwiye Yezu ko Pilato yari yarafashe amaraso y’Abanyagalilaya ayavanga n’ibimazi vyabo bashobora kuba bariko bavuga ico kintu cari carabaye.​—Luka 13:1.

“Mbeg’ukuri n’iki?”

Icatumye Pilato agira izina ribi ni itohoza yagize ku vyo abaherezi bakuru n’abagabo b’inararibonye b’Abayuda bariko bagiriza Yezu bavuga yuko yariko yiyita Umwami. Igihe Pilato yumva ivyerekeye igikorwa Yezu yari yarashinzwe co gushingira intahe ukuri, yarabonye ko uwo muntu bari bafashe atari ageramiye Uburoma. Yabajije ati: “Mbeg’ukuri n’iki?”, bikaba biboneka yuko yabona ko ukuri ari ikintu kigoye itahura ku buryo ata wokwirirwa arakwitaho cane. None Pilato yaciye ashika ku ciyumviro ikihe? Yavuze ati: “Nta caha mbona kur’uyu muntu”.​—Yohana 18:37, 38; Luka 23:4.

Ivyo vyari bikwiye gutuma Yezu aca arekurwa, ariko Abayuda bakomeje kuvuga yuko yariko agomesha ihanga. Inzigo ni yo yari yatumye abaherezi bakuru bashengeza Yezu, kandi ivyo Pilato yari abizi. Yari azi kandi ko aramutse arekuye Yezu vyoteye umudugararo, ivyo bikaba ari vyo atashaka ko biba. Hari hamaze kuba imidugararo itari mike, nakare Baraba hamwe n’abandi bari mu mvuto bahorwa ukugumura abandi be n’ubwicanyi (Mariko 15:7, 10; Luka 23:2). Bitayeko, impari Pilato yari yaragiraniye n’Abayuda zari zaratumye agira izina ribi kuri Tiberiyo, uwari azwi ko akarira cane ba buramatari batwara nabi. Yamara, gushira aho Abayuda bashaka bwobaye ari ubugoyagoye. Pilato yaciye rero abura ico afata n’ico areka.

Pilato amaze kumenya aho Yezu yakomoka, yaciye agerageza kuraba ukuntu yorungika urwo rubanza kwa Herode Antipa, uwari umutegetsi yatwara akarere k’i Galilaya, kugira ngo abe ari we aruca. Igihe Pilato yabona ko bitakunze, yaciye agerageza gutuma abari bagandagaje hanze ku kirimba iwe basaba ko Yezu arekurwa, nk’uko bama barekura imbohe imwe ku misi ya Pasika. Iryo sinzi ry’abantu ryaciye risemerera risaba ko Baraba aba ari we arekurwa.​—Luka 23:5-19.

Pilato ashobora kuba yarashatse gukora icari kibereye, ariko kandi yaripfuza kugumya igiti ciwe no guhimbara iryo sinzi ry’abantu. Aho kwumviriza ijwi ryiwe ryo mu mutima no gukurikiza ubutungane, yahavuye ashira imbere akazi kiwe. Yaciye asaba amazi, arakaraba iminwe, maze avuga ko ata maraso amwagira mu rubanza rwo gupfa yagira acea. Naho Pilato yari azi ko Yezu ata caha camwagira, yarategetse ko akubitwa ibimoko yongera arareka abasoda baramutyekeza, baramukubita, bongera baramuvuma amate.​—Matayo 27:24-31.

Pilato yaragerageje ubwa nyuma kurekura Yezu, ariko isinzi rica rirasemerera rivuga yuko hamwe yomurekura atoba ari umugenzi wa Kayisari (Yohana 19:12). Pilato amaze kwumva ivyo, yaciye ashira aho iryo sinzi rishaka. Ku vyerekeye iyo ngingo Pilato yafashe, incabwenge imwe yavuze iti: “Umuti wari woroshe: kwica uwo muntu. Ikintu kimwe gusa cobaye gitakaye ni ubuzima bw’Umuyuda umwe yasa n’aho ata co amaze. Kureka umudugararo ukabandanya vyobaye ari ubupfu”.

Pilato vyahavuye bimugendera gute?

Ikintu ca nyuma kivugwa ko cabaye mu gihe Pilato yari buramatari, ni ayandi matati yahavuye aba. Josèphe avuga yuko isinzi ry’Abasamariya bitwaje ibirwanisho batororokaniye ku Musozi Gerizimu bizigiye kwimba ubutunzi bibaza ko Musa yari yarahamvyeyo. Pilato yarabigiyemwo, maze ingabo ziwe zirica abatari bake muri iryo sinzi. Abasamariya baciye bitwara ku wakurira Pilato, ari we Lucius Vitellius, uno akaba yari buramatari w’i Siriya. Inkuru ntizivuga ko Vitellius yoba canke atoba yabonye ko Pilato yari yarengeje urugero. Uko biri kwose, yarategetse Pilato kuja i Roma kwisigura imbere y’umwami w’abami. Ariko rero, Tiberiyo yaciye apfa imbere y’uko Pilato ashikayo.

Ikinyamakuru kimwe kivuga giti: “Guhera aho, Pilato ntiyasubiye kuvugwa mu nkuru za kahise, mugabo yagiye aravugwa gusa mu migani”. Ariko hari abantu benshi bagerageje gutanga amakuru abuze ku bimwerekeye. Hari abavuze ko Pilato yahavuye aba umukirisu. Abitwa ko ari abakirisu b’Abanyetiyopiya bamugize “umweranda”. Ewuzebi, uwo akaba ari umwanditsi wo mu mpera z’ikinjana ca gatatu no mu ntango z’ikinjana ca kane, ni we yatanguriye abandi benshi kuvuga yuko Pilato yiyahuye, nka kumwe kwa Yuda Isikariyoti. Yamara rero, nta wuzi vy’ukuri ingene Pilato vyahavuye bimugendera.

Pilato ashobora kuba yari umuntu adakurwa kw’ijambo, adafatana ibintu uburemere, kandi acinyiza abandi. Ariko yagumye ari buramatari imyaka cumi, mu gihe benshi mu bategetsi b’i Yudaya bo mu rwego rumwe na we bo batwara igihe gito cane. Ku bw’ivyo, Abaroma bo babona ko Pilato ari umutegetsi abishoboye. Yiswe umuntu w’umunyabwoba yakoze ikibi kibishe mu gutegeka ko Yezu asinzikarizwa ubuzima akongera akicwa, arondera kwikingira. Abandi na bo bavuga yuko ahanini ibanga Pilato yari afise ritari iryo gushitsa ubutungane, ariko ko ryari iryo kuremesha amahoro no guharanira inyungu z’Abaroma.

Ibihe Pilato yabayemwo biratandukanye cane n’ivyo twebwe tubayemwo. Yamara, nta mucamanza akurikiza ubutungane yocira umuntu rubi kandi abona ko ata caha kimwagira. Iyo Ponsiyo Pilato atabonana na Yezu, hari aho yari kuba umuntu asanzwe, avugwa nk’abandi bose banditswe mu bitabu vyigana inkuru za kahise.

[Utujambo tw’epfo]

[Ifoto ku rup. 11]

Ayo majambo yaharagatuwe avuga yuko Ponsiyo Pilato yari umutegetsi w’i Yudaya, bayasanze i Kayisariya