Bika neza iyi nyongera
Ni ingingo izihe nkwiye gufata ku bijanye n’uduhimba twakuwe muri vya bihimba nyamukuru bigize amaraso no ku bijanye n’uburyo bwo kumvura hakoreshejwe amaraso yanje bwite?
Bibiliya itegeka abakirisu ‘kwirinda amaraso’ (Ivyak. 15:20). Ku bw’ico, Ivyabona vya Yehova ntibemera guterwa amaraso uko yakabaye canke vya bihimba nyamukuru bine biyagize, ari vyo: utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura, utugingo ngengabuzima twera, plaquettes na plasma. N’ikindi kandi, ntibatanga amaraso yabo bwite canke ngo bemere ko abikwa ahantu kugira mu nyuma bayabatere.—Lew. 17:13, 14; Ivyak. 15:28, 29.
Uduhimba dutoduto tw’amaraso ni iki, kandi ni kubera iki ikoreshwa ryatwo ari ikintu umukirisu wese yifatirako ingingo?
Utwo duhimba ni utuntu bakura mu maraso hakoreshejwe ubuhinga bwitwa fractionnement. Nk’akarorero, kimwe muri vya bihimba nyamukuru bigize amaraso ari co plasma, kirashobora kugaburwamwo ibi bikurikira: amazi, ayagize ibice 91 kw’ijana vyaco; ivyitwa protéines, nka albumine, globulines na fibrinogène, ibigize ibice 7 kw’ijana vy’iyo plasma; hamwe n’utundi tuntu, nk’intungamubiri ziba zavuye mu vyo twafunguye, inkabuzo ari zo hormones; impemu, amavitamine, imicafu, n’ivyo bita électrolytes, vyose hamwe bikaba bingana na 1 n’igice kw’ijana.
Rya tegeko ridusaba kwirinda amaraso ryoba ritubuza na twa duhimba dutoduto dukurwa muri vya bihimba nyamukuru bigize amaraso? Nta nyishu ntabanduka twotanga. Bibiliya nta kintu gitomoye ivuga kuri utwo duhimbaa. Ariko ntiwumve, uduhimba twinshi usanga dukurwa mu maraso yatanzwe ngo akoreshwe mu vy’ubuvuzi. Umukirisu umwumwe wese ni we akwiye kwifatira ingingo yisunze ijwi ryiwe ryo mu mutima, yuko azokwemera canke atazokwemera ko utwo duhimba dukoreshwa mu kumuvura.
Igihe rero ufata ingingo nk’izo, niwibaze ibi bibazo: Noba ntahura yuko kwanka uduce twose twakuwe muri vya bihimba nyamukuru bigize amaraso, bisobanura ko ntazokwemera imiti imwimwe, nk’iyirwanya imigera n’indwara, canke iyifasha amaraso kuvura kugira ngo amaraso ntabandanye ava? Noba noshobora gusigurira umuganga igituma nemera canke ntemera ko hakoreshwa uduhimba tunaka twakuwe muri vya bihimba nyamukuru bigize amaraso?
Ni kubera iki uburyo bumwebumwe bwo kumvura hakoreshejwe amaraso yanje bwite ari ikintu nkwiye kwifatirako ingingo?
Naho abakirisu badatanga amaraso yabo bwite canke ngo bemere ko abikwa ahantu kugira mu nyuma bayabatere, uburyo bumwebumwe bwo kuvura canke gupima indwara hakoreshejwe amaraso ya nyene kuvurwa usanga bitibonekeza neza ko buteye kubiri n’ingingo ngenderwako zo muri Bibiliya. Ku bw’ivyo rero, umwumwe wese akwiye kwifatira ingingo yisunze ijwi ryiwe ryo mu mutima, yuko akwiye kwemera canke adakwiye kwemera uburyo bumwebumwe bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe amaraso yiwe bwite.
Igihe ufata mwene izo ngingo, uribaza uti: Niba hari amaraso yanje azokeberezwa hanze y’umubiri wanje agashobora no kumara akanya atariko aratembera, ijwi ryanje ryo mu mutima ryoba rizondekurira kubona ayo maraso nk’aho yoba akiri mu bingize, gutyo ntibisabwe ko ‘aseswa hasi’ (Gus. 12:23, 24)? Ijwi ryanje ryo mu mutima ryamenyerejwe na Bibiliya, ryoba ryomererwa nabi hamwe, mu gihe co gukoresha uburyo kanaka bwo kuvura, hogira amaraso yanje bwite ankurwamwo, akagira ico ahinduweko hanyuma agasubizwa mu mubiri wanje? Noba ntahura yuko kwanka uburyo bwose bwo kumvura hakoreshejwe amaraso yanje bwite bisobanura yuko ntemera uburyo bumwebumwe bwo kuvurwa, nk’ukuba amaraso acishwa mu mashini ikora nk’amafyigo (ivyo bita dialyse) canke hagakoreshwa imashini ikora nk’umutima n’amahaha? Noba nararimbuye mw’isengesho ico kibazo imbere yo gufata ingingob?
Ni ingingo izihe mfashe?
Rimbura inkaratasi zo kwifashisha zibiri ziri ku mpapuro zikurikira. Urukaratasi rwo kwifashisha rwa 1 rwerekana uduce tumwetumwe dukurwa mu maraso hamwe n’ingene dusanzwe dukoreshwa mu vy’ubuvuzi. Niwerekane ihitamwo ryawe bwite ku bijanye n’uko wemera canke utemera yuko kamwekamwe kose muri utwo duhimba gakoreshwa. Urukaratasi rwo kwifashisha rwa 2 rwerekana bumwebumwe mu buryo bwo kuvura hakoreshejwe amaraso yawe bwite bukunze gukoreshwa. Niwerekane ihitamwo ryawe bwite ku bijanye n’uko wemera canke utemera yuko hakoreshwa ubwo buryo. Izo nkaratasi zo kwuzuza si izikoreshwa mu bijanye n’amategeko, yamara woshobora gukoresha ivyo uzoba washize kuri izo nkaratasi mu kwuzuza agakarata kawe kajanye n’ivy’ukuvurwa DPA.
Ukwiye kuba ari wewe ubwawe wifatira ingingo ata wundi muntu akubwiye ngo gira uku n’uku yisunze ijwi ryiwe ryo mu mutima. Ni nk’uko nyene ata mukirisu akwiye kuvuga nabi ingingo uwundi mukirisu yafashe. Mu bijanye n’ivyo, “umuntu wese azokwiyikorerera uwiwe mutwaro”.—Gal. 6:4, 5.
[Footnotes]
a Amakuru ngirakamaro ajanye n’ivyo ari mu Munara w’Inderetsi wo ku wa 15 Ruheshi 2004, urupapuro rwa 29-31.
b Amakuru ngirakamaro ajanye n’ico kibazo umuntu ashobora kuyasanga mu Munara w’Inderetsi wo 1 Munyonyo 2000, urupapuro rwa 30-31 no muri rwa rukurikirane rw’ibiganiro vyerekeye uburyo bwo kuvura hadakoreshejwe amaraso ruri ku kadisiki DVD kavuga ngo “Des alternatives à la tranfusion—Documentaires”.
[Chart on page 5]
URUKARATASI RWO KWIFASHISHA RWA 1
IBITEMEWE IVYO WIFATIRAKO INGINGO
KU BAKIRISU
AMARASO UKO Amahitamwo
YAKABAYE UDUHIMBA DUTODUTO ukeneye kugira
PLASMA ALBUMINE—GUSHIKA KU
BICE 4 KW’IJANA VYA PLASMA
Ni bumwe mu bwoko bw’ivyo bita protéines,
ikaba iva muri plasma. Hari ubwoko
bwa albumine buri no mu bimera, mu
bifungurwa nk’amatan’amagi, no mu
maberebere. Albumine iva mu maraso
rimwe na rimwe irakoreshwa mu miti
yongereza amaraso mu mubiri ikoreshwa
mu kuvura abo amaraso yagabanutse ․․ Ndemera albumine
cane canke abahiye bimwe bikomeye. canke
Hari aho usanga iyo miti irimwo albumine ․․ Sinemera albumine
ishika ku bice 25 kw’ijana. Albumine
nkeya cane irakoreshwa mu guhingura
iyindi miti myinshi, ushizemwo
n’ubwoko bumwebumwe bw’umuti witwa
érythropöiétine (EPO).
IMMUNOGLOBULINES—GUSHIKA
KU BICE 3 KW’IJANA VYA PLASMA
Ni uduhimba twa protéines
dushobora gukoreshwa mu miti
imwimwe irwanya imigera n’indwara,
nk’akarorero ya ndwara yo mu ․․ Ndemera ama
muhogo yitwa diphthérie, indwara immunoglobulines
ya tetanusi, indwara z’igitigu canke
ziterwa n’imigera, be n’indwara ․․ Sinemera ama
y’ibisazi. Hari aho kandi dukoreshwa immunoglobulines
mu gukinga ingorane zimwezimwe
zijanye n’amagara zibangamira
ubuzima bw’umwana ari mu nda
be no mu kurwanya ubumara
bw’inzoka canke bw’igitangurirwa.
IBIFASHA AMARASO KUVURA—MUNSI
Y’IGICE 1 KW’IJANA CA PLASMA
Hariho ubwoko bwa protéines
butandukanye bufasha amaraso
kuvura kugira umuntu ․․ Ndemera ibifasha amaraso
ntabandanye avirirana. kuvura vyahinguwe mu maraso
Hari izo baha abarwayi canke
bakarirwa no kuvirirana. ․․ Sinemera ibifasha amaraso
Zirakoreshwa kandi mu kuvura vyahinguwe mu maraso
gukora imiti bakoresha mu
guhoma ibikomere no mu
guhagarika ivirirana ry’amaraso
iyo bahejeje kubaga umuntu.
Umwe mu miti ifasha amaraso
kuvura witwa cryoprécipité.
Ibimenyeshejwe: Bimwebimwe mu
bifasha amaraso kuvura usanga muri
iki gihe bidahingurwa mu maraso.
UTUGINGO HÉMOGLOBINE—IBICE 33 KW’IJANA
NGENGABUZIMA VY’UTUGINGO NGENGABUZIMA DUTUKURA
DUTUKURA Ni ubwoko bwa protéines zikura ogisijeni
mu mahaha zikayitwara mu mubiri wose ․․ Ndemera hémoglobine
hanyuma zikagarukana mu mahaha wa mwuka canke
mubi witwa gaze karubonike. Imiti ․․ Sinemera hémoglobine
ihingurwa muri hémoglobine y’abantu canke
y’ibikoko irashobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura
abarwaye bakenye cane utugingo ngengabuzima
dutukura canke batakaje amaraso menshi cane.
HÉMINE—MUNSI Y’IBICE 2 KW’IJANA
VY’UTUGINGO NGENGABUZIMA DUTUKURA
Iri mu bwoko bw’ivyo bita enzyme inhibiteur
bikurwa muri hémoglobine, bikaba bikoreshwa
mu kuvura umugwi w’indwara zidakunda kuboneka ․․ Ndemera hémine
zo mu maraso zikomoka mu tugingo ngengakamere canke
(Uwo mugwi ukaba witwa porphyrie) zifata ibihimba ․․ Sinemera hémine
vy’umubiri bifasha mw’ihingurwa ry’ivyo umuntu
afunguye, zifata ubwonko n’imitsi nsozabwenge
bikorana, be n’ibihimba bikora mw’itembera ry’amaraso.
UTUGINGO INTERFÉRONS—AGAHIMBA INZATSA
NGENGABUZIMA K’UTUGINGO NGENGABUZIMA TWERA
TWERA Ni ubwoko bwa protéines zirwanya
indwara zimwezimwe ziterwa ․․ Ndemera ama interférons
n’imigera n’indwara za kanseri ava mu maraso
zimwezimwe. Twinshi muri utwo canke
duhimba twitwa interférons ․․ Sinemera ama interférons
ntidukurwa mu maraso. Tumwetumwe ava mu maraso
duhingurwa mu duhimba tw’utugingo
ngengabuzima twera tw’umuntu.
PLAQUETTES Gushika ubu, nta duhimba
turashobora gukurwa muri
plaquettes two gukoresha
mu kuvura.
[Chart on page 6]
URUKARATASI RWO KWIFASHISHA RWA 2
IVYO WIFATIRAKO INGINGO
UBURYO BWO KUVURA HAKORESHEJWE AMARASO YAWE BWITE
*Ibimenyeshejwe: Umuganga umwumwe wese usanga afise uburyo bwiwe bwo gukoresha ubu buhinga. Urakwiye gusaba umuganga wawe akagusigurira neza na neza ukuntu we akoresha uburyo bwiyumviriwe kugira ngo umenye neza nimba budateye kubiri n’ingingo ngenderwako zo muri Bibiliya be n’ingingo wafashe wisunze ijwi ryawe ryo mu mutima.
UBURYO BWO ICO Amahitamwo
UVURA BUKORA ukeneye kugira
(Hari aho woshima
kubanza kuvugana
n’umuganga wawe imbere
yo kwemera canke
guhakana uburyo ubwo
ari bwo bwose muri ubwo.)
UKUGARUKANA Ubwo buryo buragabanya
AMARASO amaraso atakara.
ASESEKA Amaraso aseseka avuye ku ․․ Ndabwemera
gikomere canke imbere mu muntu ․․ Hari aho nobwemera*
mu gihe co kubagwa barayakira. ․․ Sindabwemera
Aca asukurwa canke akayungururwa,
maze agasubizwa mu murwayi,
kumbure ata ho arinze guhagarara.
HÉMODILUTION Ubwo buryo buragabanya
amaraso atakara.
Mu gihe co kubaga umuntu, amaraso
yiwe akeberezwa mu dusaho, maze uwo
muntu agaterwa ibindi bintu vy’amazimazi ․․ Ndabwemera
bidakozwe mu maraso kugira bibe ․․ Hari aho nobwemera*
birasubirira ayo bamukuyemwo. Gutyo ․․ Sindabwemera
amaraso asigaye mu murwayi mu gihe co
kubagwa araheza akavangana n’ivyo bizibizi,
utugingo ngengabuzima dutukura turi muri
yo tukaba ari duke. Muri ico gihe co
kumubaga canke barangije, ya maraso yakeberezwa
mu dusaho arasubizwa muri uwo murwayi.
IMASHINI IKORA Ituma amaraso aguma atembera.
NK’UMUTIMA N’AMAHAHA Amaraso arakeberezwa mu mashini
ikora nk’umutima n’amahaha, ․․ Ndabwemera
aho ashirwamwo impemu nziza ․․ Hari aho nobwemera*
zitwa ogisijeni hanyuma ․․ Sindabwemera
agaca asubizwa mu murwayi.
DIALYSE (UGUCISHA Bikora nka kurya kw’igihimba
AMARASO MU MASHINI kanaka c’umubiri.
IKORA NK’AMAFYIGO) Muri ubwo buhinga, amaraso ․․ Ndabwemera
atembera aciye mu mashini ․․ Hari aho nobwemera*
iyayungurura ikayatyorora, imbere ․․ Sindabwemera
yo kuyasubiza mu murwayi.
PANSEMENT SANGUIN Ubwo buryo burazibira amazi yo mu
ÉPIDURAL ruti rw’umugongo aba ariko arava.
Barafata uturaso dukeyi cane
tw’umurwayi bakadutera mu ․․ Ndabwemera
gashishwa gakikuje umusokoro ․․ Hari aho nobwemera*
wo mu ruti rw’umugongo. ․․ Sindabwemera
Ubwo buryo burakoreshwa mu
guhoma aho uruti rw’umugongo
rwatobotse hariko harava.
PLASMAPHÉRÈSE Ubwo buryo buravura indwara.
(UGUKURA PLASMA Amaraso arakurwa mu murwayi
MU MARASO) akayungururwa kugira akurwemwo
igihimba citwa plasma. Haca
hashirwamwo ibisubirira iyo
plasma maze nya maraso
agasubizwa mu murwayi. ․․ Ndabwemera
Hari abaganga bashima ․․ Hari aho nobwemera*
gufata plasma yavuye mu ․․ Sindabwemera
wundi muntu bakayisubiriza
iyakuwe mu maraso y’umurwayi.
Muri ico gihe, ubwo buryo
ntibwoba bwemewe ku mukirisu.
MARQUAGE À Ubwo ni uburyo bukoreshwa mu
L’AIDE D’UN TRACEUR gutora canke mu kuvura indwara.
Hari amaraso akurwa mu murwayi,
akavangwa n’umuti, hanyuma ․․ Ndabwemera
agasubizwa muri we. Umwanya ayo ․․ Hari aho nobwemera*
maraso amara atari mu mubiri ․․ Sindabwemera
hari aho utama ari wa wundi.
GEL PLAQUETTAIRE Birahoma ibikomere,
AUTOLOGUE biragabanya ukuvirirana.
(BISOBANURA NGO Hari amaraso akurwa mu murwayi
“BIKOZWE MU MARASO agashirwa mu bintu bimeze
YAWE BWITE”) nk’amazi birimwo plaquettes nyinshi
be n’utugingo ngengabuzima twera
twinshi. Ivyo bintu baraheza bakabisiga
ahabazwe canke ku zindi nguma. ․․ Ndabwemera
Ibimenyeshejwe: Mu gutegura ivyo bintu, ․․ Hari aho nobwemera*
hari igihe hakoreshwa uduhimba dufasha ․․ Sindabwemera
amaraso kuvura dukurwa mu maraso y’inka.