Ikintu ca 1: Ubugingo ntibupfa

Ico kintu cakomotse hehe? “Abafilozofe ba kera b’abakirisu baremeye inyigisho y’Abagiriki yuko ngo ubugingo budapfa maze bavuga yuko ubugingo buremwa n’Imana kandi ko ibushira mu mubiri w’umuntu igihe asamwe inda.”​—Bivugwa n’igitabu kimwe c’inkoranyabumenyi (The New Encyclopædia Britannica) (1988), Imbumbe ya 11, ku rupapuro rwa 25.

Bibiliya ibivugako iki? Igira iti: “Ubugingo bucumura, ni bwo buzopfa.”​—Ezekiyeli 18:4, King James Version.

Ku bijanye n’iremwa ry’umuntu wa mbere, Bibiliya ivuga iti: “Yehova Imana abumba umuntu mu mukungugu w’ubutaka araheza ahuhira mu mazuru yiwe impemu y’ubuzima, maze nya muntu aba ubugingo [mu giheburayo, neʹphesh] buzima.”​—Ni twe dushimitse; Itanguriro 2:7, American Standard Version.

Ijambo ry’igiheburayo neʹphesh, rihinduwe ngo “ubugingo” muri iyo mpinduro, risobanura ngo ‘ikiremwa gihumeka.’ Igihe Imana yarema umuntu wa mbere Adamu, ntiyamushizemwo ubugingo budapfa mugabo yamushizemwo inguvu y’ubuzima ishigikiwe n’uguhumeka. Ku bw’ivyo, ijambo “ubugingo” mu mvugo yo muri Bibiliya ryerekeza ku kiremwa kizima cose uko cakabaye. Igihe ubugingo buba butakirimwo ya nguvu y’ubuzima Imana yatanga mu ntango, buca bupfa.​—Itanguriro 3:19; Ezekiyeli 18:20.

Inyigisho yuko ngo ubugingo budapfa yaravyuye ibi bibazo: Igihe abantu bapfuye ubugingo bwabo buja hehe? Ni igiki gishikira ubugingo bw’abanyakibi? Igihe abiyita abakirisu batangura kwemera ico kintu kitari co c’uko ngo ubugingo budapfa, ivyo vyatumye bemera iyindi nyigisho itari yo, iyo na yo ikaba ari iy’umuriro udahera.

Gereranya iyi mirongo yo muri Bibiliya: Umusiguzi 3:19; Matayo 10:28 muri Bibiliya Yera; Ibikorwa 3:23

UKURI AHO KURI:

Igihe umuntu apfuye aca areka kubaho

[Iciyumviro ku rup. 4]

Ikintu ca 2: Abanyakibi bababarizwa mu muriro udahera

Ico kintu cakomotse hehe? “Mu bafilozofe bose ba kera b’Abagiriki, Pulato ni we yagize akosho gakomeye gusumba abandi bose ku bijanye n’ukuntu Umuriro udahera wamye ubonwa kuva kera na rindi.”​—Bivugwa n’igitabu kimwe (Histoire des enfers), canditswe na Georges Minois, ku rupapuro rwa 50.

“Kuva hagati yo mu kinjana ca kabiri G.C., abakirisu bari barigishijwe muri filozofiya y’Abagiriki batanguye kwumva ko bakeneye guserura ukwizera kwabo bakoresheje filozofiya . . . Filozofiya yabanyura kuruta izindi zose yari iya Pulato.”​—Bivugwa n’igitabu kimwe c’inkoranyabumenyi (The New Encyclopædia Britannica) (1988), Imbumbe ya 25, ku rupapuro rwa 890.

“Inyigisho ya Ekeleziya iremeza yuko umuriro udahera ubaho kandi uzokwamaho. Abapfa barakoze igicumuro co kubicisha, ubwo nyene bakimara gupfa ubugingo bwabo buca bumanuka mu muriro, aho baronkera amahano y’umuriro udahera. Igihano nyamukuru c’umuriro udahera, ni ugutandukanywa n’Imana ibihe bidahera.”​—Bivugwa n’igitabu kimwe c’Ikatikisimu (Catechism of the Catholic Church), integuro yo mu 1994, ku rupapuro rwa 270.

Bibiliya ibivugako iki? Igira iti: “Ereg’abariho baba bazi ko bazopfa; arikw abapfuye nta co baba bakizi, . . . kukw ata gikorwa cank’inama cank’ukumenya cank’ubgenge i kuzimu ah’urāriye kuja.”​—Umusiguzi 9:5, 10.

Ijambo ry’igiheburayo ryahinduwe ngo “i kuzimu” ari ryo Sheol, rino rikaba ryerekeza ku “mva,” rihindurwa ngo “umuriro udahera” mu mpinduro zimwezimwe za Bibiliya. None uwo murongo uhishura iki ku bijanye n’ingene abapfuye bamerewe? Boba bababarizwa muri Sheoli kugira ngo bishure amakosa bakoze? Habe namba, kubera yuko “[a]ta co baba bakizi.” Ni co gituma igihe umwe sekuruza w’imiryango Yobu yariko aracumukura bimwe bikomeye bivuye ku ndwara ibabaza, yatakambiye Imana ati: “Unkingirire mu muriro udahera [mu giheburayo ni Sheol].” (Yobu 14:13; Douay-Rheims Version) None ico kintu yasavye wumva cogize insobanuro iyaba Sheoli cari ikibanza co kubabarizwamwo ibihe bidahera? Mu mvugo ya Bibiliya, ijambo ryahinduwe ngo umuriro udahera ryerekeza gusa ku mva rusangi abantu bajamwo, aho ata gikorwa na kimwe kihakorerwa.

None iyo nsobanuro y’ijambo ryahinduwe ngo umuriro udahera, ubwo ntirushirije kuba iyumvikana kandi ikaba ihuza n’ico Ivyanditswe bivuga? Hari igicumuro naho coba kimeze gute, cotuma Imana y’urukundo isinzikariza umuntu ubuzima ibihe bidahera? (1 Yohani 4:8) Yamara, nimba inyigisho y’umuriro udahera ari iy’ikinyoma, tuvuge iki ku bijanye n’ijuru?

Gereranya iyi mirongo yo muri Bibiliya: Zaburi 146:3, 4; Ibikorwa 2:25-27; Abaroma 6:7, 23

UKURI AHO KURI:

Imana ntihana abantu mu kubata mu muriro udahera

[Iciyumviro ku rup. 5]

[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 5]

Barrators​—Giampolo/The Doré Illustrations For Dante’s Divine Comedy/Dover Publications Inc.

Ikintu ca 4: Imana ni Ubutatu

Ico kintu cakomotse hehe? “Umuntu yoshobora kwibaza ko ivyo ari vyo vyose inyigisho y’Ubutatu yatangujwe amaja mu mpera z’ikinjana ca kane. Hari ukuntu ivyo ari ivy’ukuri . . . Imbere y’ikiringo co mu mpera z’ikinjana ca kane, imvugo ngo ‘Imana imwe mu Baperesona batatu’ ntiyari bwashinge imizi; mu vy’ukuri ntiyari bwinjire mu buryo bwuzuye mu buzima bw’umukirisu no mu kwizera kwiwe.”​—Bivugwa n’igitabu kimwe c’inkoranyabumenyi c’abagatolika (New Catholic Encyclopedia) (1967), Imbumbe ya 14, ku rupapuro rwa 299.

“Inama y’i Nicée yarakoranye ku wa 20 Rusama 325 [G.C.]. Konsitantino ubwiwe yari umuhagarikizi, arayobora ashirutse ubwira ibiganiro, maze ubwiwe arashikiriza . . . iciyumviro gihambaye kiri mu buryo bwa keredo giserura isano riri hagati ya Kristu n’Imana cahavuye gipfundikwa muri iyo nama, c’uko ngo ‘Umwana asangiye ubwoko na Se.’ . . . Kubera ugutinya uwo mwami w’abami, abasenyeri bose ukuyemwo babiri gusa, barashize umukono kuri iyo keredo, benshi muri bo bakaba babigize batayemera.”​—Bivugwa n’igitabu kimwe c’inkoranyabumenyi (Encyclopædia Britannica) (1970), Imbumbe ya 6, ku rupapuro rwa 386.

Bibiliya ibivugako iki? Ivuga iti: “Stefano yuzuye [I]mpwemu Yera, ahanga amaso mw ijuru, abona ubgiza bg’Imana, na Yesu ahagaze i buryo bg’Imana: aravuga, at’Ehe mbonye ijuru rikingurutse, n’Umwana w’umuntu ahagaze i buryo bg’Imana.”​—Ivyakozwe n’intumwa 7:55, 56, Bibiliya Yera.

Ivyo bintu yeretswe vyahishuye iki? Sitefano yuzuye inguvu zikora z’Imana, yabonye Yezu “ahagaze i buryo bg’Imana.” Biratomoye rero ko inyuma y’aho Yezu azukiye akaja mw’ijuru ataciye asubira kuba Imana nk’uko bivugwa, ahubwo nyabuna yabaye ikiremwa c’impwemu kimeze ukwaco. Muri iyo nkuru, nta muntu agira gatatu avugwa ari iruhande y’Imana. Naho umupatiri umwe w’umudominika yitwa Marie-Émile Boismard yagerageje kenshi kurondera imirongo yo mu Vyanditswe ishigikira inyigisho y’Ubutatu, yanditse mu gitabu ciwe (À l’aube du christianisme​—La naissance des dogmes) ati: “Ibivugwa yuko hari abaperesona batatu mu Mana imwe . . . nta na hamwe ushobora kubisoma mu Bwuzure Bushasha.”

Iyo nyigisho Konsitantino yatanguje yari ifise intumbero yo guhagarika amatati yarangwa muri Ekeleziya yo mu kinjana ca kane. Ariko rero, iyo nyigisho mu vy’ukuri yaravyuye ikindi kibazo: Mbega Mariya, wa mugore yibungenga Yezu, yoba yari “Nyina w’Imana”?

Gereranya iyi mirongo yo muri Bibiliya: Matayo 26:39; Yohani 14:28; 1 Abakorinto 15:27, 28; Abakolosayi 1:15, 16

UKURI AHO KURI:

Inyigisho y’Ubutatu yatangujwe mu mpera z’ikinjana ca kane

[Iciyumviro ku rup. 7]

[Abo dukesha ifoto ku rup. 7]

Museo Bardini, Florence