Abahamya kugeza mu gice cya kure cyane cy’isi

1. Ni iyihe minota yabaye iy’ingenzi cyane mu Mateka y’abantu?

NTA GUSHIDIKANYA, hali mu minota y’ingenzi cyane yo mu Mateka y’abantu. Mbere y’aho, ntihigeze kubaho igihe cyo gusezeranaho giteye igishyika nk’icyo. Umwana w’Imana yali agiye gusiga abigishwa be, ku buryo batali kuzongera kumubona ali mu mubili. Abo bagenzi be bali bagifite umwanya muto wo kuba bamubaza ikibazo kimwe gusa. Ku byerekeye iki se? Icyo kiganiro cya nyuma cyali kuzagira ubuyobozi cyane ku bigishwa ba Kristo bose kugeza ku iherezo ly’iyi gahunda y’ibintu.

2. Ikibazo cya nyuma cy’abigishwa cyabaye ikihe? Ni kuki igisubizo cya Yesu kidufitiye inyungu cyane?

² Ikibazo cya nyuma abigishwa babajije Yesu cyabaye iki ngiki: “Mwami, ese iki nicyo gihe wenda kugaruriramo ubwami bwa Isiraeli?” Dushobora gukeka imigambi yabateye kubaza icyo kibazo. Uko byaba kwose, hali ikintu kimwe kigaragara; Bashakaga kumenya igihe imigambi y’Imana yerekeye ku Bwami bwayo izasohorezwa. Ni nde se wabibagayira? Sibo babaye aba mbere cyangwa se aba nyuma gushaka gukizwa vuba. Rero, amagambo ya nyuma rwose Yesu yavuze abasubiza mbere yo kuva mu isi ubutazagaruka adufitiye inyungu cyane twebwe abaliho ubu.

UBUTUMWA

3, 4. (a) Yesu yashubije iki ku kibazo cy’abigishwa be? (b) Ni ikihe cyigisho cy’uburyo bubili yabahaye?

³ Yesu yabashubije agira ati: “S’ibyanyu kumeny’iby’iminsi cyangwa’igihe Data yagennye n’ubutware bge wenyine; icyakora muzahabg’imbaraga, umwuka Wera nubamanukira; kandi muzab’ abahamya banjye i Yerusalemu n’i yudaya yose n’i Samaria no kugeza ku npera y’isi.” Iyo nkuru ikomeza itya: “Amaze kuvug’atyo, azamurwa bakimureba, igicu kiramubakingiriza.”​—Ibyak 1:6-9.

⁴ Amagambo ya nyuma ya Yesu yali akubiyemo icyigisho cy’uburyo bubili. Akoresheje ubwitonzi, aliko kandi mu buryo bushikamye, yatangiye abwira abigishwa be yuko bitali ibyabo kumenya igihe Imana izasohorezamo imigambi yayo. Yemezaga atyo ibyo yali yaramaze kubabwira mu buhanuzi bwe bwerekeye indunduro y’iyi gahunda y’ibintu (Mat 24:36; Mar 13:32-37). Hanyuma abereka icyo bali bakwiliye kwitaho; kuba abahamya be, mbere na mbere i Yerusalemu, aho bali bategetswe kuguma icyo gihe (Ibyak 1:4), nyuma muli Yudeya yose n’i Samariya, amaherezo, “kugeza ku mpera y’isi”. Bali bagiye kuzahabwa “imbaraga” binyuze mu mwuka wera kugira ngo nyine bashobore gusohoza ubwo butumwa.

5. Ni ryali abigishwa bahawe “imbaraga” basezeranyijwe? Yabahaye gukora iki?

⁵ Iyo “mbaraga” yabajeho hashize icyumweru n’igice nyuma y’aho, ku munsi wa Pentekote. Babitewe no kwumvira amagambo ya Yesu, intumwa n’abigishwa bandi bali baragumye i Yerusalemu, maze kuli uwo munsi, ‘bose bali bateraniye ahantu hamwe’, mu buryo butunguye, ‘bose baba bujujwe umwuka wera maze batangira kuvuga mu zindi ndimi, nk’uko umwuka wabahaga kuvuga’. Ntibavugaguzwaga ibintu bitumvikana, ahubwo bavugaga ‘ibintu byiza cyane by’Imana.​—Ibyak 2:1, 4, 11, MN.

“I YERUSALEMU”

6. Ni hehe abigishwa basizwe batangiye kwuzuriza ubutumwa bwabo? Habayeho kubarwanya kuhe?

⁶ Abo bakristo bali bamaze gusigwa bahise batangira gusohoza ubutumwa Kristo wazutse yali yarabahaye maze batangira babwiliza “i Yerusalemu”. Aliko umulimo wabo ntiwabuze kurwanywa, kuko abayobozi b’idini n’abatware b’imijyi b’Abayahudi babagambaniye bavuga bati:

“Aba bantu tuzabagenza dute? Kuko nta gushidikanya ko ikimenyetso gitangaje cyakozwe nabo [ikizwa ry’umuntu wahoze ali ikimuga], kigaragarira rwose abaturage bose b’i Yerusalemu, kandi ntitwashobora kubihakana. Aliko kugira ngo ibyo bitarushaho gusakara muli rubanda, reka tubabwire tubakangisha ngo be kugira umuntu n’umwe bongera kuvugana nawe bakoresheje iryo zina rya Yesu.”​—Ibyak 4:16, 17, MN.

7. (a) Abigishwa ba Kristo bakoze iki bahuye n’itotezwa? (b) Umwanzi wabo mu by’idini yahamije ate ko abakristo ba mbere bali barashohoje ubutumwa bwabo mu budahemuka?

⁷ Yesu Kristo yali yaravuze ati: “Muzaba abahamya banjye.” Noneho rero, Urukiko rw’ikirenga rwa kiyahudi rwategekaga abo bakristo ba mbere ‘kutongera kugira umuntu n’umwe bavugana nawe bakoresheje iryo zina’. Ni nde se bumviye? Bashubije abo babatotezaga babubashye bati: “Ntidushobora kureka kuvuga ibyo twabonye kandi twumvise.” (Ibyak 4:18-20, MN) Bakomeje gutanga ubuhamya. N’ubwo intumwa zafunzwe, zimaze gufungurwa mu buryo bw’igitangaza, “zinjiye mu rusengero bugicya maze zitangira kwigisha”. (Ibyak 5:17-21.) Mbega umwete! Aliko bongeye kuzifata ubwa kabili.

“Barabajyana rero maze babashyira mu nzu y’Urukiko rw’ikirenga. Nuko umutambyi mukuru ababaza agira ati: ‘Twali twabategetse rwose ko mutongera kwigisha mukoresheje iryo Zina none dore mwujuje Yerusalemu inyigisho yanyu.” (Ibyak 5:27, 28 MN)

Uwo muyobozi w’idini, mu buryo atazi, yahamije yuko abakristo ba mbere bashohoje mu budahemuka ubutumwa Kristo yali yarabashinze. Bali bahindutse abahamya b’abanyamwete i Yerusalemu.

8. Ni mu buhe buryo abakristo bashoboye kwuzuza Yerusalemu inyigisho yabo? Ni izihe ngaruka uwo mulimo wagize?

⁸ Bamaze gukubitwa imikoba no gutegekwa ‘kutongera kuvuga bakoresheje izina rya Yesu’, abo bakristo “bava imbere y’Urukiko rw’ikirenga bishimiye ko basanzwe bakwiye gukozwa isoni kubw’izina rye’. Aho gucika intege, “buli munsi, mu rusengero no kuva ku nzu bajya ku yindi, bakomezaga ubudahagarara kwigisha no gutangaza inkuru nziza yerekeye Kristo Yesu”. (Ibyak 5:40-42 MN.) Icyitonderwa nuko “bakomezaga” gutanga ubuhamya ‘kuva ku nzu bajya ku yindi’. (Traduction du monde nouveau, Bible de Darby.) N’ubwo umubare wabo wali mutoya, ni muli ubwo buryo bashoboye ‘kwuzuza Yerusalemu inyigisho yabo’. Uburyo bwabo bwo gukora bwatanze ingaruka zishimishije cyane. “Ijambo ly’Imana ryakomezaga rero gukura, n’umubare w’abigishwa ukomeza kwiyongera i Yerusalemu.”​—Ibyak 6:7, MN)

MULI YUDAYA N’I SAMARIYA

9. Ibintu byali bimeze bite igihe umulimo wo gutanga ubuhamya wagutse ukagera i Yudeya n’i Samariya?

⁹ Aliko abakristo ba mbere ntibashoboraga guhagararira aho. Bali bakwiliye kuba abahamya ba Kristo no “muli Judeya yose n’i Samariya”, kandi rero umwete bakoresheje basohoza igice cya mbere cy’ubutumwa bwabo niwo wabashoboje gusohoza igice cya kabili. Koko kandi, kurwanya umulimo bakoraga muli Yerusalemu kwageze mu rugero ruhanitse igihe Sitefano yicishwa n’abayobozi b’idini, kandi urwo rupfu rwe rwateje umuvumba w’ibitotezo ku itorero ry’abahamya b’abakristo b’i Yerusalemu. Intego y’uko kurwanya abahamya ba Kristo mu buryo bukaze yali iyo kubacecekesha. Aliko mu kigwi cy’ibyo, kwateye imbaraga nshya umulimo w’ubuhamya ku buryo wagutse ukagera mu ntara zavuzwe nyine na Kristo. Dusoma ngo: “Bose, usibye iitumwa, batatanira mu ntara z’i Yudeya, na Samariya.” Abo bakristo batataniye muli izo ntara bakoze iki se? “Bagendagendaga hose mu gihugu, batangaza inkuru nziza ya rya jambo.”​—Ibyakozwe, igice cya 7; Ibyakozwe 8:1, 4, MN.

10. Intumwa zakoze iki zumvise ko “Samariya yakiriye ijambo ly’Imana”? Ni ruhe rufunguzo Petero yakoresheje?

¹⁰ Mu gihe gito, “intumwa, [zili] i Yerusalemu, zumva ko Samariya yumvise Ijambo ly’Imana”. Kugira ngo zuzuze ibyali bikenewe icyo gihe, intumwa zohereje babili muli bo, Petero na Yohana, kujya gukomeza umulimo wali wakozwe n’abakristo batatanye, balimo Filipo w’umubwiliza-butumwa. Akoresheje umwanya w’igikundiro Kristo yali yaramuhaye, Petero yakinguriye Abasamariya inzira yo kuba abakristo babyawe n’umwuka kandi basizwe, bahamagariwe gufatanya na Kristo mu “bwami bwo mu ijuru (Mat 16:18, 19; Ibyak 8:14-17) Inkuru yo mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe yungamo igira iti: “Bo rero, bamaze gutanga ubuhamya byimazeyo no kuvuga ijambo rya Yehova, barahindukira (. . .) aliko batangaza inkuru nziza mu birorero byinshi by’Abasamariya.” (Ibyak 8:25, MN). Uko niko byabaye kuli Samariya!

11. Dufite ibihe bihamya byerekana ko ko “Yudeya yose” yali yarahawe ubuhamya bwiza?

¹¹ Ku byerekeye Yudeya, twibutse ko abanyayudeya benshi bagomba kuba bali benshi baje i Yerusalemu ku munsi wa pentekote, ubwo rero bakaba barumvise ubutumwa bwiza bwatanzwe n’abakristo bali bakimara gusigwa, cyane cyane intumwa Petero (Ibyak 2:9, 14-36). Tuzi kandi ko mbere ya wa muvumba w’ibitotezo byarwanyaga abakristo b’i Yerusalemu, “hateraniraga benshi bavuye no mu midugudu ihereranye n’i Yerusalemu, bazany’abababazwa n’abadaimoni bose bagakizwa”. (Ibyak 5:16.) Abo baturage bose b’i yudeya bahawe ubuhamya bwerekeye Yesu. Luka yandika iby’igihe cyakulikiye ihinduka rya Paulo atya; “Itorero muli Yudeya yose na Galileya na Samariya, ligira igihe cy’amahoro, kandi liliyubaka.” (Ibyak 9:31, MN). Nk’imyaka 15 nyuma y’aho, Paulo yashoboye kwandikira abakristo b’i Tesalonike atya: “Bene Data, mwigany’amatorero y’Imana y’i Yudaya.” (1 Tes 2:14). Nta gushidikanya na gato ko abakristo ba mbere bagize umwete basohoza ubutumwa Kristo yali yarabashinze, bwo kuba abahamya be “i Yerusalemu, no muli Yudeya yose n’i Samariya”.

“KUGEZA KU MPERA Z’ISI”

12. Imbuto z’umwaguko w’igihe gikulikiyeho zatangiye kubibwa gute kuva ku munsi wa Pentekote?

¹² Aliko kandi, ubutumwa Yesu yashinze abigishwa be mbere yo kubasiga bwali burenze ibyo. Yali yarababwiye ati; “Muzaba abahamya bajye i yerusalemu, muli Yudeya yose, muli Samariya, no kugeza ku mpera z’isi.” (Ibyak 1:8, Bible Segond). Hali ibihamya byemeza ko izina rya Kristo ryali ryarahamilijwe mu Bayahudi ba Diaspora (itatanywa ry’Abayahudi nyuma y’inyagwa ryabo n’abanya Asiriya n’abanya-Babuloni). Ubwo ndetse hali mbere y’umwaka wa 36 w’igihe cyacu Rusange,—aliwo mwaka Petero yongeye gukoreshamo umwanya w’igikundiro Yesu yali yaramuhaye akingurira Ubwami Abatakebwe batali Abayahudi. (Mat 16:18, 19; Ibyak igice cya 10). Igihamya ni uko ba Bayahudi n’abayoboke b’idini yabo 3.000 babatijwe ku munsi wa Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33 batali abaturage b’i Yerusalumu n’i Yudaya honyine. Benshi muli bo bali baraturutse mu turere twa kure cyane, nka Partiya, Mediya, Elamu na Mezopotamiya (Ibihugu bya Irani na Iraki ubu ) Aziya ntoya (turkiya),Afurika y’Amajyaruguru na Italia (Ibyak 2:8-11). Igihe abo bizera bashya basubiraga iwabo, mu migabane y’isi 3 (Aziya, Afurika n’Uburayi), nta gushidikanya ko batanze ubuhamya mu izina rya Kristo byibura mu Bayahudi n’abayoboke b’idini rya Kiyahudi bo mu bihugu byabo. Uko niko imbuto z’umwaguko wo mu gihe cyakulikiyeho zatangiye kubibwa kuva kuli Pentekote.

13. Ni iki kigaragaza ko batatindiganyije gusakaza ubuhamya bwa Gikristo kure y’imipaka ya Yudeya na Samariya?

¹³ Hanyuma dusoma mu Ibyakozwe 11:19, ngo; “Nukw’abatatanijwe n’akarengane gatewe n’ibya Sitefano [igihe gito nyuma ya Pentekote, aliko mbere y’ihinduka rya paulo muli 34 cyangwa 35] bager’i Foinike n’i Kupuro no mw’Antiokia ya [Siriya], ari nta undi babgir’ijambo ry’Imana kerets’Abayuda bonyine.” Icyo ni igihamya kindi kigaragaza ko mbere yo kubwilizwa kw’abantu batali Abayahudi, Kristo yali yarahamilijwe kugeza kure cyane y’imipaka ya Yudeya na Samariya.

14. Uko bigaragara, ni hehe batangiriye kubwiriza abatakebwe mu buryo bukurikiza gahunda? Sobanura.

¹⁴ Mu mwaka wa 36, Petero amaze gukoresha urundi muli za ‘mfunguzo z’ubgami’ kugira ngo akingurire abatakebwe binjire mu Bwami, inzira yali yarakiguriwe gutanga ubuhamamya bwa gikristo, ku bantu bose, ni koko, “kugeza ku mpera z’isi” (Segond). Uko bigaragara i Antiyokiya ya Siriya (wali umudugudu wa 3 mukuru mu isi yose nyuma ya Roma na Alekisandiriya niho batangiriye gutanga ubuhamya ku batakebwe batali abayahudi mu buryo bukurikiza gahunda. Byagenze gutya: Igihe gitoya, nyuma y’umwaka wa 36 aliko mbere yo muli 44, bamwe (abakristo) muri bo b’i Kupuro n’ab’i Kurene [muli Afurika y’Amajyaruguru] bageze mw’Antiyokiya bavugana n’Abagiriki na bo bababwir’ubutumwa bgiza bg’Umwami Yesu. Ukuboko kwa [Yehova] kuba kumwe na bo, abantu benshi barizera bahindukirir’Umwami.”​—Ibyak 11:20, 21

15. (a) Itorero ryali i Yerusalemu ryakoze iki ryumvise ibyaberaga Antiyokiya ? (b) Ubwo Paulo yali amaze imyaka myinshi akora iki? (c) Kuki ibyabaye mu ivuka ry’itorero rya Antiyokiya bidutera amatsiko mu buryo budasanzwe?

¹⁵ Yehova yahaye umugisha umulimo wuzuye umwete w’abo bakristo b’i Kupuro (Shipura) n’i Kurene (Sirene) mu batali abayahudi. “Itorero ryali i Yerusalemu” ryohereje umuhagaralizi w’uburyo bwihaliye muli Siriya kugira ngo yite kuli iyo mimerere mishya. Hatoranijwe Barnaba, Umuyahudi wakomokaga i Shipure uvuga ikigereki. Amaze gutera inkunga abigishwa bashya ba Kristo b’i Antiokiya, Barnaba yagiye i Tarse gushaka Paulo, wali umaze imyaka myinshi atangaza inkuru nziza y’ukwizera i Siriya n’i Silisiya, intara zili mu majyepfo y’i burasirazuba ya Turkiya (Gereranya Ibyak 9:26-30 n’Abagalatiya 1:18-23) Bamaray’umwaka wose [birashoboka ko ali ahagana mu wa 45] baterana n’ab’itorero (ryali ligizwe noneho n’Abayahudi) n’abatari Abayahudi, bigish’abantu benshi; kandi mw’Antiyokiya ni hw’Abigishwa batangiriye kwitwa “Abakristo”.​—Ibyak 11:22-26.

16, 17. (a) Umulimo w’ubuhamya wasakaye ute uturutse i Antiyokiya? (b) Ni ubuhe buhanuzi Paulo na Barnaba bitwaje basobanura umulimo wabo? (c) Aho mbere ubwo buhanuzi berekezaga kuli nde? (d) Ni mu buhe buryo ibyo bidufasha kurushaho gusobanukirwa Ibyakozwe 1:8?

¹⁶ Antiyokiya ya Siriya yamaze ikinyacumi cy’imyaka ali ihuliro ryategurirwagamo umulimo w’ubumisiyoneri munsi y’ubuyobozi w’umwuka wera (Ibyak 15:1-4; 14:26; 15:35,36; 18:22, 23.) Paulo, hamwe n’abamisiyoneri bandi, yakoze ingendo ndende eshatu zabafashije gusakaza ubukristo muli Aziya ntoya n’“Ubugereki, no kubwiliza Kristo mu Bayahudi no mu batali Abayahudi bamwe. Paulo na Barnaba basobanuye batya iyo migenzereze imbere y’abayahudi barakaye:

“Nimwe mbere na mbere Ijambo ly’Imana ryagombaga kubwirwa. Ubwo mulyigizayo kandi ntimwiyerekane ko mukwiye ubuzima bw’iteka, dore duhindukiriye amahanga. Koko rero, Yehova yaduhaye itegeko muli aya magambo: ‘Nagushyizeho ngo ube urumuli rw’amahanga, kugira ngo ube mu gakiza kugeza ku mpera y’isi.’

Luka yungamo ati: “Babyumvise, abo mu mahanga batangira kwishima no guhimbaza ijambo rya Yehova, kandi abantu bose bali bafite amerekezo akwiye ubuzima bw’iteka bahinduka abizera.”​—Ibyak 13:46-48.

¹⁷ Mu kurondora ubuhanuzi bumwe na buimwe bwerekeye ku Mugaragu wa kimesiya banabwerekeza ku mulimo wabo, Paulo na Barnaba berekanaga ko bo hamwe n’abakristo bagenzi babo bakoraga koko ‘mu mwanya wa Kristo’, we wali warashinzwe na Yehova kujyana “urumuli” n’“agakiza” “kugeza ku mpera y’isi”. Kristo, nawe, yali yashinze abigishwa be kumubera abahamya “kugeza mu gice cya kure cyane cy’isi”.​—2 Kor 5:20; Ibyak 1:8; gereranya Yesaya 49:5-9 na Luka 2:25-32.

UBUTUMWA BW’IGIHE KIREKIRE

18. Twashobora kuvuga iki ku mihati y’abakristo ba mbere yo kugira ngo babe Abahamya “kugeza mu gice cya kure cyane cy’isi”?

¹⁸ Nk’uko twabibonye, igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe kitwereka umwete intumwa n’abandi bakristo ba mbere bakoresheje bihatira kwuzuza ubutumwa Kristo yali yarabashinze no gutanga ubuhamya iYerusalemu, muli yudeya yose, muli Samariya n’ahandi kure hose bali bashoboye ‘kugera ‘berekeza ku “mpera z’isi”. Urugero, tuzi yuko intumwa Petero yabaye umuhamya wa Kristo wizerwa kugera muli Babuloni, mu burasirazuba, kandi ko paulo yajyanye ubuhamya mu burengerazuba kugera muli Italiya ndetse ahali no muli Hispaniya (Espagne: soma Esipanye).​—1 Pet 5:13; Ibyakozwe, igice cya 28; Rom 15:23-28.

19. Ni iki cyerekana ko ubutumwa bw’abakristo bwagombaga gukomeza kugeza n’ubu? Ibyo bizamura ibihe bibazo?

¹⁹ Aliho birumvikana yuko ubutumwa bwo kuba abahamya ba Kristo “kugeza mu gice cya kure cyane cy’isi” bwali ubw’igihe kirekire. Dukulikije ubuhanuzi bwa Yesu ubwe, bwagombaga gukomeza igihe cy’intumwa kirangiye no kugeza ku “ndunduro y’iyi gahunda y’ibintu”. (Mat 24:3, 14, MN.) Gusuzuma urugero rwiza rwasizwe n’abakristo ba mbere byadukomeje kandi byongeye ukwizera kwacu. Aliko haracyali ibibazo; Ni nde ubu ukomeza umulimo mwiza watangiwe n’ intumwa? Ni ibihe bifasha byashoboje abo bantu kuba abahamya ba Kristo n’aba se wo mu ijuru “kugeza mu gice cya kure cyane cy’isi”? Ibyo tuzabirebera mu cyigisho gikulikiyeho.

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 5]

“Dore mwujuje Yerusalemu inyigisho yanyu”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 6]

“Bagenda batangaza inkuru nziza mu Basamariya”

[Ifoto yo kuy ipaji ya 4]

“Muzambera abahamya banjye (. . .) kugeza mu gice cya kure cyane cy’isi.”​—Ibyak 1:8, MN.

SAMARIYA

YERUSALEMU

YUDEYA