Ese wari ubizi?

Ni iki Yesu yashakaga kuvuga, igihe yabwiraga Sawuli ati “gukomeza gutera imigeri ku mihunda birakugora”?—Ibyakozwe 26:14.

▪ Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, abahinzi bakoreshaga imihunda bayobora amatungo bahingishaga. Umuhunda wabaga ari inkoni isongoye, ifite uburebure bwa metero nk’ebyiri n’igice. Ku mpera z’iyo nkoni habaga hakwikiye icyuma gisongoye. Iyo itungo rihinga ryateraga umugeri ku muhunda, ryashoboraga gukomereka. Ku wundi mutwe w’iyo nkoni, bahakwikiraga icyuma kimeze nk’itindo baharuzaga amasuka, kugira ngo bayavaneho umwanda, ibumba cyangwa ibyatsi.

Hari igihe imihunda cyangwa ibihosho byakoreshwaga mu kurwana. Shamugari wari umucamanza w’Umwisirayeli akaba n’umurwanyi, yishe Abafilisitiya 600 “abicishije igihosho.”—Abacamanza 3:31.

Nanone, Ibyanditswe bikoresha ijambo umuhunda cyangwa igihosho mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo. Urugero, umwami Salomo yanditse ko amagambo y’umunyabwenge ameze “nk’ibihosho,” kuko atuma uyabwirwa afata umwanzuro mwiza.—Umubwiriza 12:11.

Yesu amaze kuzuka yakoresheje imvugo y’ikigereranyo imeze nk’iyo. Yagiriye Sawuli watotezaga Abakristo inama yo kureka “gutera imigeri ku mihunda.” Iyo mvugo yerekeza ku itungo ryigometse, rikanga gukurikiza amabwiriza ya nyiraryo. Sawuli yagaragaje ubwenge yumvira inama ya Yesu maze arahinduka, akaba ari we waje kuba intumwa Pawulo.

Abayahudi bo mu kinyejana cya mbere babaraga bate amasaha ya nijoro?

▪ Kugira ngo Abayahudi bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bamenye igihe ku manywa, bareberaga ku gicucu. Icyakora, iyo ibicu byabaga bikingirije izuba cyangwa iyo bwabaga bwije, bakoreshaga isaha y’amazi. Uretse Abayahudi, Abanyegiputa ba kera, Abaperesi, Abagiriki ndetse n’Abaroma na bo bakoreshaga isaha nk’iyo.

Hari inkoranyamagambo yagaragaje ko ibitabo birimo imigenzo y’Abayahudi (Mishnah na Talmud), byita iyo saha “amazina atandukanye, wenda bitewe n’ubwoko bwayo, ariko ayo mazina yose akaba asobanura ikintu kimwe. Ayo mazina yumvikanisha igitekerezo cyo gutonyanga cyangwa ubihinduye ijambo ku rindi, kuva kw’amazi, hagenda hameneka igitonyanga kimwe kimwe, icyo akaba ari cyo ijambo ry’ikigiriki ryitirirwa iyo saha [clep­sydra], risobanura.”​​—⁠The Jewish Encyclopedia.

Iyo saha yakoraga ite? Amazi yatembaga ava mu rwabya rumwe akajya mu rundi anyuze mu kobo gato kabaga kari mu ndiba. Kugira ngo umuntu amenye aho igihe kigeze, yashoboraga kwitegereza aho amazi yo mu rwabya rwo hejuru cyangwa urwo hasi ageze. Izo nzabya zombi zabaga ziriho ibipimo.

Iyo abasirikare b’Abaroma babaga bakambitse, bakoreshaga ayo masaha kugira bamenye aho ibice by’ijoro bigeze. Iyo igice kimwe cyarangiraga bavuzaga impanda. Umuntu wese wumvaga impanda, yashoboraga kumenya igihe ibice bigize ijoro uko ari bine bitangiriye n’igihe birangiriye.​​—⁠Mariko 13:​35.