Esitoniya

MURAKAZA neza muri Esitoniya! Muri butangazwe n’ibyiza bitatse icyo kirezi gikundwa cyane cyo mu burasirazuba bw’inyanja ya Baltique. Gifite ibyiza bihebuje: amashyamba, inzuri, amazu meza ari ku nkombe z’inyanja, ibiyaga bisaga 1.400 n’ibirwa bisaga 1.500. Hafi kimwe cya kabiri cya Esitoniya kigizwe n’amashyamba y’inzitane n’ibihuru, ibyo bikaba ari igice cyasigaye cy’ishyamba cyimeza rya kera cyane ryahoze ku mugabane w’Uburayi hafi ya wose. Esitoniya iruta u Busuwisi na Danimarike ho gato. Ni kimwe mu bihugu bito cyane byo ku mugabane w’Uburayi.

Uri buze kubona ko icyo gihugu gito kandi cyiza cyane gifite abaturage bagira urugwiro, batuje kandi bafite n’indi mico myinshi ishimishije. Muri rusange, barajijutse, abenshi bazi gusoma no kwandika kandi bakunda gusoma. Ikinyesitoniya ni rwo rurimi rukoreshwa mu butegetsi nubwo abaturage bagera hafi kuri 30 ku ijana bavuga ikirusiya. Icyakora, kwiga ikinyesitoniya ntibyoroshye kuko ari ururimi rugoye. Urugero, muri urwo rurimi hari amagambo menshi ashobora gusobanura “ikirwa” bitewe n’uko gisa, uko kingana n’igihe kimaze.

AMATEKA YARANZWE N’IMIVURUNGANO

Esitoniya yagiye yigarurirwa n’ibihugu bikomeye bihana na yo imbibi. Abayobozi b’ingabo b’u Budage n’ingabo za Danimarike bigaruriye icyo gihugu mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 13. Nyuma yaho igihugu cya Danimarike, Lituwaniya, Noruveji, Polonye, u Burusiya na Suwede byamaze ibinyejana byinshi birwanira kwigarurira Esitoniya.

Suwede yamaze igihe gisaga ikinyejana itegeka icyo gihugu, ariko igitsimburwamo n’Abarusiya mu mwaka wa 1721. Hashize igihe gito Esitoniya ibonye ubwigenge, hagati y’umwaka wa 1918 n’uwa 1940, Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zayigabyeho igitero zirayigarurira. Mu mwaka wa 1941, u Budage buyobowe n’Abanazi na bwo bwarayigaruriye, ariko buyitsimburwamo n’Abasoviyeti mu wa 1944. Esitoniya yamaze imyaka igera hafi kuri 50 ari kimwe mu bihugu bigize Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Mu mwaka wa 1991, Esitoniya yabaye Repubulika ya mbere y’Abasoviyeti yatangaje ko ibaye igihugu cyigenga.

Ibyo byagize izihe ngaruka ku Bahamya ba Yehova bo muri Esitoniya? Byagendekeye bite abo bagaragu b’Imana y’ukuri mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bw’Abadage no mu gihe kigoranye cy’Abasoviyeti? Isomere inkuru ishishikaje ivuga ibyo kwizera, ubutwari no kwihangana bagaragaje igihe bahuraga n’ibitotezo bikaze.

IBISIGISIGI BY’IDINI RY’IKINYOMA

Abanyamisaraba bigaruriye Esitoniya mu kinyejana cya 13, bahatiye abaturage baho kwemera “Ubukristo” bakoresheje inkota. Abo baturage barajijishije basa n’aho bahindutse. Ariko bidatinze, bose bahise biyuhagira boza n’amazu yabo kugira ngo bihanagureho umubatizo w’agahato, maze bisubirira mu migenzo yabo ya gipagani. Bikomereje gusenga ibintu kamere no gukora imihango ya gipagani kugeza igihe iyo mihango yivangiye n’imyizerere ya Kiliziya Gatolika.

Mu kinyejana cya 17, Abanyesitoniya bahindukiriye idini ry’Abaluteriyani, nyuma yaho Kiliziya y’Aborutodogisi yo mu Burusiya iza kuba idini rya Leta. Mu mwaka wa 1925, Leta n’idini byaritandukanyije. Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwakozwe, Abanyesitoniya 14 ku ijana ni bo bonyine bavuga ko idini rigira uruhare rw’ingenzi mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi.

Icyakora, mu myaka ya vuba aha Abanyesitoniya benshi bafite imitima itaryarya bakiriye amavuta yomora yo mu Ijambo ry’Imana, ari zo ‘nyigisho nzima zihuje n’ubutumwa bwiza bw’ikuzo bw’Imana’ (1 Tim 1:10, 11). Ibyo byatumye Abahamya ba Yehova batangaza Ubwami bw’Imana biyongera. Mu mwaka wa 1991 bari 1.000, none ubu barenga 4.000. Ariko se ubutumwa bwiza bwageze bute muri ako gahugu gato cyane ka Esitoniya?

“UFITE UMUNWA”

Mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, igihe Martin Kose na mukuru we Hugo bari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, babonye bimwe mu bitabo byanditswe n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya (uko akaba ari ko Abahamya ba Yehova bitwaga icyo gihe). Martin yashimishijwe n’ibyo yari amaze kumenya, bituma atangira gutekereza ku gihugu yari yaravukiyemo, kuko yari azi ko nta Bigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bahari. Amaze kubona mu gatabo aderesi y’icyicaro gikuru kiri i New York, yagiyeyo ageza icyifuzo cye ku muvandimwe J. F. Rutherford wari ushinzwe kugenzura umurimo w’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya icyo gihe.

Martin yaramubajije ati “none se nkore iki?”

Umuvandimwe Rutherford yaramushubije ati “ufite umunwa! Genda uwukoreshe.”

Uko ni ko Martin yabigenje! Ahagana mu mwaka wa 1923, yasubiye muri Esitoniya atangira kubwiriza, bityo aba Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya wa mbere muri icyo gihugu. Martin yigishije abagize umuryango we ukuri kwa Bibiliya, maze umuhungu we Adolf aba umugaragu w’Imana wizerwa, aza no kuba inkingi ishyigikira ukuri mu bihe bikomeye byakurikiyeho. Hugo, mukuru wa Martin, na we yabaye Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya, ariko ntiyigeze asubira mu gihugu yavukiyemo ngo agumeyo.

“NTUZABA WENYINE”

Mu ikoraniro ry’intara ry’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ryabereye i Londres mu mwaka wa 1926, umuvandimwe Rutherford yabajije niba hari abantu bakwitangira gukora umurimo mu bihugu byo mu burasirazuba bw’inyanja ya Baltique. Albert West, Percy Dunham na James Williams bashyize ukuboko hejuru. Bidatinze, bahawe inshingano yo gushyira kuri gahunda umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza muri Esitoniya, Lativiya na Lituwaniya. William Dey wayoboraga ibiro bishinzwe amajyaruguru y’Uburayi byari muri Danimarike, yagiye i Tallinn mu murwa mukuru wa Esitoniya ari kumwe na Albert West. Umuvandimwe Dey amaze kubonera Albert icyumba cyo kubamo, yamukubise agashyi ku rutugu aramubwira ati “ngaho urabeho Albert we! Humura ntuzaba wenyine. Vuba aha abavandimwe bazakugeraho kandi uzabona n’amagazeti.”

Abakoruporuteri, ari bo bitwa abapayiniya muri iki gihe, baturutse mu Bwongereza, mu Budage no mu bindi bihugu baje gufasha. Icyakora, ntibashoboye kuhamara igihe kinini bitewe n’uko batashoboye kubona impushya zibemerera kuba muri icyo gihugu. Abakoruporuteri bo muri Finilande bahise bahamenyera bitabagoye kuko ururimi rwabo rwenda kumera nk’urwo muri Esitoniya. Ababwiriza b’igihe cyose benshi baturutse mu bindi bihugu, bagiraga umwete mu kubiba imbuto z’Ubwami nyinshi. Abanyamahanga babaga ari bashya muri ako gace, bakiranwaga urugwiro kandi bakabahimba utuzina dufitanye isano n’igihugu baturutsemo, urugero “Soome Miina” bisobanura Miina w’Umunyafinilande. Iyo utanga disikuru yakomokaga mu Bwongereza, bavugaga ko ari “Umunyalondere.”

IBIRO BY’ISHAMI BYA MBERE

Kubona ahantu hakwiriye ibiro by’ishami byakorera ntibyari byoroshye, kandi kubera ko abantu bibwiraga ko abanyamahanga ari abakire, babacaga amafaranga menshi y’ubukode. Icyakora, mu mwaka wa 1926 ibiro by’ishami byatangiye gukorera mu nzu nto yari i Tallinn ku muhanda wa 17 Kreutzwald. Albert West yari umukozi w’ibyo biro by’ishami. Muri uwo mwaka hasohotse udutabo twa mbere mu rurimi rw’ikinyesitoniya, harimo n’agatabo “Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bariho ubu ntibazigera bapfa” (Des millions de personnes actuellement vivantes ne mourront jamais).

Umukobwa witwa Hilda Ang yamenye ukuri akumenyeshejwe n’incuti ze. Igihe yari agiye gufata ibitabo ku biro by’ishami, umuvandimwe w’Umudage yamubajije niba yakwemera kumufasha guhindura disikuru y’abantu bose yagombaga gutanga. Yarabyemeye, maze mu mwaka wa 1928 atumirirwa kuba umuhinduzi ku biro by’ishami. Nyuma yaho yaje gushyingiranwa n’umuvandimwe wo mu Bwongereza witwa Alexander Brydson wari warimukiye muri Esitoniya agiye gukorerayo umurimo w’igihe cyose. Hilda yari umuhinduzi w’umunyamwete. Igihe umurimo wakorwaga rwihishwa, we n’umugabo we bavuye muri icyo gihugu maze akomeza gukora umurimo w’ubuhinduzi mu ibanga, amara imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo awukorera mu kindi gihugu. Imyaka we n’umugabo we bamaze mu murimo w’igihe cyose, uyiteranyije isaga 100.

Mu mwaka wa 1928, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya basohoye igitabo cya mbere mu rurimi rw’ikinyesitoniya (La Harpe de Dieu). Nanone mbere y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, mu rurimi rw’ikinyesitoniya hari harasohotse Umunara w’Umurinzi, ibitabo birindwi n’utundi dutabo twinshi.

ABABWIRIZABUTUMWA BA MBERE

Abakoruporuteri babwirije ahantu hanini cyane bagenda ku magare, barara aho ari ho hose bashoboraga kubona icumbi: haba mu tuzu two mu giturage cyangwa mu birundo by’ibyatsi by’amatungo. Nubwo abaturage baho bari abakene, bakundaga kumva ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami. Ibyo byatumaga abo babwiriza b’igihe cyose bamara amasaha ari hagati ya 150 na 200 buri kwezi mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Hari mushiki wacu watanze raporo y’amasaha 239 mu kwezi kumwe! Bagiraga umwete mu murimo, bagashira amanga kandi ntibacogore. Dore uko byagendekeye mushiki wacu igihe yajyaga kubwiriza ku ncuro ya mbere:

Mushiki wacu wo muri Finilande wagiraga umwete mu murimo yaramubajije ati “uzi gutwara igare?”

Aramusubiza ati “ndabizi.”

Wa mushiki wacu wo muri Finilande yamubwiye yishimye cyane ati “reka noneho tujye i Sarema.” Ubwo yavugaga ikirwa kinini cyane cya Esitoniya, kiri mu birometero bigera kuri 200.

Bageze ku mudugudu wa mbere w’i Sarema, mushiki wacu wo muri Finilande yaravuze ati “hera aha, nanjye ngiye guhera ku rundi ruhande. Nimugoroba turi buze guhurira hagati.” Bwari ubwa mbere uwo mushiki wacu agiye mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Icyakora yageze ku rugo rwa mbere yumva Yehova amuhaye imbaraga, ku buryo byatumye ahita yigirira icyizere agakora umurimo afite ibyishimo kugeza arangije.

Hellin Aaltonen (waje gushyingiranwa na Grönlund) yahuye n’abaturage bo ku kirwa cya Vormsi yumva bavuga urundi rurimi.

Arababaza ati “ese ntabwo muzi ikinyesitoniya?”

Baramusubiza bati “oya. Twe tuvuga igisuwede.”

Hellin arababaza ati “none se mufite ibitabo byo gusoma biri mu rurimi rw’igisuwede?”

Bamushubije bakoresheje amakabyankuru bati “yewe, tumaze imyaka amagana n’amagana tutabona igitabo kiri mu gisuwedi!”

Hellin amaze kumenya ko abaturage bo ku kirwa cya Vormsi bakeneye ibitabo byo mu gisuwede, yiyemeje gusubira kuri icyo kirwa ari kumwe na mushiki wacu witwa Fanny Hietala wavugaga igisuwede.

Hellin agira ati “twafashe ibitabo byose byo mu gisuwedi byari ku biro by’ishami tubijyanayo mu bwato. Twabwirije icyo kirwa cyose mu minsi itatu kandi dutanga ibitabo hafi ya byose twari dufite. Hashize imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, numvise ko muri Suwede hari umuvandimwe wamenye ukuri abikesheje ibitabo yakuye ku kirwa cya Vormsi!” Incuro nyinshi, ababwiriza b’Ubwami bagiye bibonera ukuri kw’amagambo yo mu Mubwiriza 11:6 agira ati “mu gitondo ujye ubiba imbuto yawe kandi kugeza nimugoroba ntugatume ukuboko kwawe kuruhuka, kuko utazi aho bizagenda neza.”

INGORANE ABAKORUPORUTERI BAHUYE NA ZO

Umurimo w’abakoruporuteri ntiwari woroshye. Mu gihe cy’imbeho, buri munsi bakoraga urugendo rw’ibirometero biri hagati ya 20 na 40, baserebeka ku rubura cyangwa bagenda n’amaguru. Imbeho yabaga ari nyinshi bikabije kandi kubona ahantu heza ho gucumbika ntibyari byoroshye. Bitwazaga ibyokurya n’ibindi bintu bya ngombwa bakeneye, ari na ko batwaye amakarito y’ibitabo. Akenshi, imvura nyinshi yatumaga kugenda mu mihanda bitaborohera. Hari igihe byabaga ngombwa ko bamara amajoro menshi barara hanze. Uwo murimo utoroshye wabasabaga gukoresha imbaraga zabo zose. Ariko se abo babwiriza bakoranaga ubwitange, babonaga bate umurimo bakoraga?

Umuvandimwe Vilho Eloranta wo muri Finilande yari umubwiriza w’igihe cyose wagiraga ishyaka mu murimo, akaba yaramaze amezi menshi akorera umurimo mu turere twitaruye. Yaravuze ati “mu by’ukuri, nta kintu cy’ingenzi nigeze mbura. Akenshi nahaga abantu ibitabo maze na bo uwo munsi bakampa ibyokurya n’aho kurara. Urebye ntitwakeneraga amafaranga cyane. Iyo bwabaga bugorobye, natangiraga gusaba icumbi. Ingo nyinshi ntizanyimaga icumbi, cyane cyane iyo nabaga ngeze ku rugo bwije cyane cyangwa urundi rugo ruri kure.”

Vilho akomeza agira ati “kugeza ku bantu ubutumwa bw’Ubwami ni byo nitagaho cyane, ku buryo imibereho iciriritse nabagamo itagabanyije na gato ibyishimo no kunyurwa naboneraga mu murimo wo kubwiriza.”

Abo bavandimwe na bashiki bacu b’abanyamwete batanze ibitabo byinshi bityo bashyiraho urufatiro rwatumye habaho ukwiyongera nyuma yaho. Mu mwaka wa 1929, ababwiriza bake cyane batanze ibitabo n’udutabo, byose hamwe bigera ku 53.704.

Adolf Kose avuga uko icyo gihe byari bimeze agira ati “Esitoniya yari ifite abakoruporuteri bagera hafi kuri 30, kandi mbere y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose bari baramaze kubwiriza icyo gihugu cyose.”

Umurimo abo babwiriza b’abanyamwete bakoze na n’ubu uracyatanga umusaruro. Urugero, mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1990, Abahamya ba Yehova bahuye n’umukecuru witwa Ruth. Ibyo bamubwiye yumvise atari ubwa mbere abyumvise. Yaje kwibuka ko imyaka 60 mbere yaho yari yarabyumvanye Umwigishwa wa Bibiliya w’Umudage wamaze igihe runaka aza gusura umuturanyi we. Nubwo Ruth ageze mu za bukuru kandi akaba atumva neza, yemeye ko ibyo yumvise ari ukuri, yemera kuyoborerwa icyigisho cya Bibiliya kandi arabatizwa. Ibyo byabaye hashize imyaka 70 abwirijwe ku ncuro ya mbere!

IBIRO BY’ISHAMI BITANGIRA GUKORA

Mu mizo ya mbere, amakoraniro yaberaga ku biro by’ishami nubwo hari hato cyane. Mu ikoraniro ry’intara rya mbere ryabaye muri Kamena 1928, hateranye abantu 25 habatizwa 4. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, abavandimwe 80 bo muri Finilande baje gufasha mu gutegura ikoraniro no gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza.

Albert West wabaye umukozi w’ibiro by’ishami muri Esitoniya, yahawe inshingano yo kungiriza umuvandimwe William Dey wari umukozi w’ibiro by’ishami byo muri Danimarike, nyuma yaho aza no kumusimbura. Ni nde se mama wari gusimbura umuvandimwe West akaba umukozi w’ibiro by’ishami muri Esitoniya? Uwo nta wundi ni Wallace Baxter wo muri Écosse, umuvandimwe wakundaga abantu kandi akagira urwenya. Mbere yo kumenya ukuri yari umusirikare mu ngabo z’u Bwongereza zarwaniye mu Bufaransa mu Ntambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose. Ibyo yiboneye muri iyo ntambara n’ibyamubayeho, byari bihabanye rwose n’inyigisho za Yesu Kristo.

Baxter yaravuze ati “nari mu rujijo, kandi natangiye kubona ko intambara zose abantu barwana ari mbi, uwo baba barwana na we wese. Nemeraga ko abantu bose ari abavandimwe, kandi ko umuntu wese ushaka Imana agera aho akayibona. Mu gihe nari nkibitekerezaho, napfukamye mu mwobo narwaniragamo maze nsezeranya Imana ko nindokoka iyo ntambara kandi ngasubira iwacu nzayikorera mu buzima bwanjye bwose.”

Kandi koko ni ko yabigenje. Amaze kumenya ukuri, yatangiye gukora umurimo w’igihe cyose mu mwaka wa 1926. Hashize imyaka ibiri yasabwe kujya gukorera umurimo muri Esitoniya arabyemera kandi akomeza gukorana umwete. Mu mwaka wa 1930, umuvandimwe West amaze kugenda Baxter yagizwe umukozi w’ibiro by’ishami. Mu mwaka wa 1932, ibiro by’ishami byari ku muhanda wa 72 Suur Tartu, i Tallinn. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, umuryango w’Abahamya ba Yehova wahawe ubuzimagatozi muri Esitoniya.

IBIGANIRO MU NDIMI ZITANDUKANYE

Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1927, Umuvandimwe West yahawe uburenganzira bwo guhitisha ibiganiro kuri radiyo y’ubucuruzi yo mu mugi wa Tallinn. Ikiganiro yatanze cyagiraga kiti “Imigisha y’imyaka igihumbi” cyasemuwe mu kinyesitoniya. Icyo kiganiro cyahise kuri radiyo cyashishikaje abantu benshi. Ariko nanone cyateje impaka nyinshi cyane ku buryo byageze mu mwaka wa 1929 umuvandimwe West atarongera guhabwa uburenganzira bwo gutanga ikindi kiganiro. Muri uwo mwaka, ibyo biganiro byongeye kujya bitangwa buri gihe ku cyumweru. Byatangwaga mu cyongereza, ikinyesitoniya, igifinwa, ikirusiya, rimwe na rimwe mu gisuwede no mu kidage. Nanone byatanzwe mu kidanwa nibura incuro imwe. Ibyo biganiro byashimishije abantu cyane kandi byumvikanaga muri Noruveji, Danimarike, Suwede, Finilande no mu mugi wa Leningrad (ubu witwa St. Petersburg) wo mu Burusiya. Mu mwaka w’umurimo wa 1932, ibiganiro bigera kuri 200 byari bimaze guhita kuri radiyo byabaye uburyo bwiza cyane bwo kumenyekanisha izina rya Yehova. Ntibitangaje rero kuba byaratumye abayobozi b’amadini baturwanya.

Kubera ko abayobozi b’amadini bari bazi ko abayobozi bo muri Esitoniya batihanganira ikintu cyose gifitanye isano n’Abakomunisiti, babeshyeye Abahamya ba Yehova ko bakorana n’Abakomunisiti. Mu mwaka wa 1934, abayobozi bo muri Esitoniya bahagaritse ibyo biganiro bibwira ko ari uburyo bwo gukumira ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose cyahungabanya igihugu cyabo. Icyakora si ko abantu bose bishimiye uwo mwanzuro. Hari umunyeshuri wanditse iyi baruwa mu cyongereza:

“Kuri Watch Tower n’Umucamanza Rutherford

“Mbabajwe n’uko abategetsi ba Esitoniya banze ko ibiganiro byanyu bikomeza guhita kuri radiyo yacu. Ndi umunyeshuri. Ababyeyi banjye ni abakene: babona ibitunga abana babo babanje kwiyuha akuya. Icyakora urukundo bakunda Imana n’ibyiringiro itanga bituma bagira akanyamuneza. Mu mezi y’imbeho nararwaye ndaremba cyane, ariko ibiganiro byanyu byahitaga kuri radiyo ni byo byonyine byampumurizaga. Amarira yanjye yahindukaga ibyishimo. . . . None se ubu ibyo biganiro byaboneka bite? . . . Natangiye kwiga icyongereza, none iyi ni yo baruwa ya mbere nanditse muri urwo rurimi ntifashishije inkoranya. . . . Mbaye mbashimiye. Muntahirize Umucamanza Rutherford.”

Umuvandimwe Rutherford ubwe yanditse ibaruwa amusubiza, amwoherereza na kaseti ziriho zimwe muri disikuru ze.

“IGARE RY’UBWAMI BWO MU IJURU”

Umukoruporuteri wagiraga ishyaka witwa John North wo mu Bwongereza, yari yaraje kubwiriza muri Esitoniya. We n’umuryango we babaga mu nzu yimukanwa. Ibyo byashishikaje cyane abantu bose bo mu majyepfo ya Esitoniya. Hari ikinyamakuru cyagize icyo kivuga kuri iyo nzu kigira kiti “[Watch Tower] Society yakoze imodoka imeze nk’inzu iri mu mugi wa Tartu. Abayibamo bafite intego yo kuzenguruka igihugu cyose bakora imirimo ifitanye isano n’iby’idini. Babwiriza bari mu ‘igare ry’ubwami bwo mu ijuru’ kandi bagatanga ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya. Ababa muri iryo ‘gare’ ni abantu batanu: umugabo w’umumisiyonari n’umugore we, umwana wabo n’abandi basore babiri b’intarumikwa. Abo basore bombi batwara amagare bihuta cyane (nka Yehu), bakajya hirya no hino mu duce dukikije iryo ‘gare’ batanga ibitabo.”

Mu gihe cy’imivurungano ishingiye kuri politiki yabaye mu myaka ya 1930 rwagati, Nikolai Tuiman wahoze ari umuderevu w’indege za gisirikare yafunzwe azira kwifatanya n’agatsiko ko muri Esitoniya kari gashyigikiye ubutegetsi bw’igitugu. Nikolai yasanze mu bubiko bwa gereza bimwe mu bitabo byanditswe na J. F. Rutherford. Ibyo bitabo byamufashije kubona ko yayobye. Amaze gufungurwa yagiye i Tallinn kuri aderesi yari yasanze mu gitabo umugore we yari afite cyari cyaranditswe n’Abahamya. Umuvandimwe Baxter yafashije Nikolai guhindura imibereho ye, areka ibikorwa byose bya politiki, aba Umuhamya wa Yehova w’umunyamahoro kandi ugira umwete. Nyuma yaho, igihe umurimo wo kubwiriza wari warabuzanyijwe, yari umwe mu bantu bari bafatiye itorero runini, akajya acapa ibitabo rwihishwa. Yakomeje kuba uwizerwa mu myaka 15 yamaze muri Siberiya aho yari yaraciriwe.

Undi muntu wari muri politiki ariko nyuma yaho akaza gushoberwa, ni Dogiteri Artur Indus. Uwo muganga yumvise ukuri ku ncuro ya mbere igihe yari agiye kuvura kwa Martin Kose. Umuvandimwe Kose yateye Artur inkunga yo kwiga Bibiliya. Kubera ko Artur yari azi ikidage, Kose yamutumirije ibitabo byose byashoboraga kuboneka mu kidage. Martin yafashije Artur yemera ukuri, yiyegurira Yehova kandi arabatizwa. Artur Indus yari umudogiteri w’icyamamare kandi wubahwa. Yaje kuba umuvandimwe wubahwa kandi ugira ishyaka.

IBIJYA GUCIKA BICA AMARENGA

Mu myaka ya 1930 rwagati, hari ibihe by’umuvurungano. Muri Mutarama 1935 agatabo gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Umutegetsi urangwa n’ubutabera” (Le juste Souverain) karafatiriwe bitewe n’uko Kiliziya Gatolika n’Abanazi bo mu Budage batishimiraga umurimo wacu.

Nanone muri uwo mwaka Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu yafunze ibiro bya Watch Tower Society muri Esitoniya, afatira ibitabo byayo n’umutungo wayo. Nubwo ibitabo byinshi byari byaramaze guhishwa, hafashwe ibitabo bigera ku 76.000. Icyakora ibyo ntibyahagaritse umurimo. Abavandimwe baratunguwe cyane kandi basabwa n’ibyishimo igihe babonaga ibintu byanditswe mu dutabo tubiri twari twarafatiriwe bisohoka mu binyamakuru bibiri by’ingenzi byose hamwe byasohokaga ari kopi 100.000. Nubwo abavandimwe batakaje ibitabo, izina rya Yehova ryarushijeho kwamamara cyane kurusha uko byari kumera iyo baza gutanga utwo dutabo.

Hagati aho, umurimo wo kubwiriza warakomeje kandi imirimo y’ibiro by’ishami irasubukurwa. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, ibitabo byinshi byakomeje gufatirwa. Rimwe abapolisi baje gusaka ibiro by’ishami igihe mushiki wacu Hellin Aaltonen yari mu kazi.

Uwo mushiki wacu agira ati “habanje kuza abapolisi batatu b’abasore bazanywe no gutwara agatabo gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bariho ubu ntibazigera bapfa” (Des millions de personnes actuellement vivantes ne mourront jamais). Icyakora, nta na kamwe kari gahari. Bakuye ibitabo byose mu kabati, babijugunya hasi. Nta kintu na kimwe Umuvandimwe Baxter yashoboraga gukora kubera ko bamucungiraga hafi. Natangiye kugenda ntondeka ibyo bitabo nkurikiye umupolisi, hanyuma ndanyonyomba njya mu biro by’Umuvandimwe Baxter kureba niba hari impapuro abapolisi badakwiriye kubona. Nahasanze urupapuro ruriho amazina y’ababwiriza bose na aderesi zabo. Narujugunye mu kintu bashyiragamo imyanda cyari mu nguni. Igihe abapolisi batangiragaraga gupakira ibyo bitabo mu bisanduku, umukuru wabo yafashe igisanduku kimwe yarakaye maze akijugunyana umujinya mwinshi bituma avunika ukuboko! Abandi bapolisi bahise bihutira kumujyana kwa muganga, bituma tubona igihe cyo gutoranya ibitabo dushaka muri ibyo bisanduku mbere y’uko bagaruka.”

Umuvandimwe Baxter agira ati “ba bapolisi baragarutse, maze mu gihe bapakiraga ibitabo mbona umwe muri bo ashyize igitabo (Délivrance) mu mufuka munini w’igikoti yari yambaye. Najyaga nibaza kenshi niba hari ibindi bitabo abo bapolisi batwaye kandi bakabisoma.”

Umwaka wa 1939 wari umwaka uteye ubwoba n’urujijo. Ingabo z’Abasoviyeti zemerewe kwinjira muri Esitoniya. Umuvandimwe Baxter yaranditse ati “buri munsi, poropagande z’Abakomunisiti ni zo zanyuraga kuri radiyo ubutitsa. Hari ibihuha byinshi, abantu barashyushye imitwe, bahora bikanga ko hari ikigiye kuba, abandi barishwe n’ubwoba. Mu kirere hahoraga urusaku rw’indege z’intambara z’Abasoviyeti zitwaye abasirikare barwanira mu kirere.” Ese iyo mimerere iteye ubwoba yari guhagarika umurimo wo kubwiriza?

Nubwo hariho iyo midugararo yose, mu mwaka wa 1940 abagaragu ba Yehova b’indahemuka batanze ibitabo n’udutabo bigera ku 59.776. Icyo ni ikintu gitangaje cyakozwe n’ababwiriza 27 n’abapayiniya 15 gusa! Bakoraga uko bashoboye kose muri icyo gihe cy’agahenge bari basigaranye.

IKORANIRO RYA NYUMA RYABAYE MU MUDENDEZO

Mbere gato y’uko Abasoviyeti batangira gutegeka icyo gihugu, abavandimwe bateguye ikoraniro ryabereye i Tallinn. Iryo ni ryo koraniro rya nyuma ryabaye mu mudendezo mu gihe cy’imyaka 50 yakurikiyeho. Basuzumye ingingo zo mu Munara w’Umurinzi, urugero nk’izigira ziti “Tewokarasi,” “Ukutivanga,” “Imitego” n’indi ivuga ngo “Iteka idini ryaciriweho.” Ibyo byokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka byari biziye igihe byatumye ubwoko bw’Imana bwitegura guhangana n’ibyari bigiye kuba.

Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yari igiye kwibasira Esitoniya kandi abavandimwe bacu na bo bari kugerwaho n’ingaruka zayo. Ku itariki ya 16 Kamena 1940 Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zahaye guverinoma ya Esitoniya itegeko ry’ikubagahu ryo gushyiraho guverinoma nshya no kwemera ko izindi ngabo z’Abasoviyeti zinjira muri Esitoniya. Ishyaka ry’Abakomunisiti ryo muri Esitoniya ryari rifite abayoboke batageze ku 150 ryemewe n’amategeko, hanyuma Abasoviyeti bigarurira icyo gihugu maze kiba kimwe mu bigize Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Mu mezi yakurikiyeho, Abanyesitoniya babarirwa mu bihumbi baciriwe muri Siberiya, amazu yabo n’amasambu yabo bigasigarira aho, bigatwikwa cyangwa se bigahabwa Abarusiya bari barigabije icyo gihugu. Abandi babarirwa mu bihumbi bagerageje guhunga bakoresheje ubwato buto bwakoreshwaga mu burobyi, akenshi bakajya muri Suwede. Abenshi bashoboye kugerayo ariko abandi bahitanwa n’umuhengeri wo mu nyanja.

ABANYAMAHANGA BA NYUMA BAGENDA

Abakomunisiti bamaze gufata ubutegetsi, ibiro by’ishami byongeye gufungwa. Nubwo umuvandimwe Baxter na Alexander hamwe na Hilda Brydson bari bariyemeje gukomeza gusohoza inshingano zabo, kuguma muri icyo gihugu byagendaga birushaho guteza akaga abanyamahanga. Ibyo byatumye umuvandimwe Rutherford abagira inama yo kuva muri icyo igihugu. Umuvandimwe Baxter na Dunham n’umugore we bo muri Lativiya bavanywe muri icyo gihugu na gari ya moshi, banyura muri Siberiya, amaherezo bagera muri Ositaraliya. Hashize umwaka, Brydson n’umugore we na bo bavuyeyo bajya muri Suwede. Umuvandimwe Baxter yakomeje kuba indahemuka ari umwe mu bagize Komite y’Ibiro by’Ishami byo muri Ositaraliya kugeza igihe yarangirije isiganwa rye ryo ku isi, ku itariki ya 21 Kamena 1994.a

None se ko abanyamahanga bari bigendeye, byari kugendekera bite itsinda rito ry’abavandimwe bo muri icyo gihugu? Icyo gihe ni bwo bari bakimenya ukuri, kandi bari bugarijwe n’intambara ya simusiga. Intambara yarabashegeshe maze umurimo wo kubwiriza usubira inyuma. Bamaze gutanga raporo yabo ya nyuma yo mu mwaka wa 1941, hashize imyaka 20 nta kanunu k’abo bavandimwe bacu.

IBIGERAGEZO BIKAZE BYO KWIZERA

Igihe Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yacaga ibintu, ingabo z’Abadage zatsimbuye iz’Abasoviyeti zigarurira Esitoniya kuva mu mwaka wa 1941 kugeza 1944. Icyakora, ibyo ntibyahaye abavandimwe bacu agahenge. Mu mwaka wa 1942, Abadage basanze umuvandimwe w’ikiragi witwaga Jaan Pärrat abwiriza mu mugi wa Tartu, baramufata. Bamushinje ko yakoraga ibikorwa bigamije kugandisha abaturage maze baramufunga. Dukurikije uko amadosiye yo muri gereza abivuga, umuyobozi wa gereza yatanze itegeko “ryo kwimura Jaan Pärrat bakajya kumwikiza.” Iryo ryari itegeko ryo kumwica. Hari abantu babonye bamusohora hanyuma bumva urusaku rw’amasasu. Ntiyigeze agaruka kandi nta wongeye kumuca iryera.

Mu by’ukuri, icyo gihe abavandimwe ntibari borohewe. Ingabo z’Abasoviyeti n’iz’Abadage zashakaga kwinjiza abasore mu gisirikare. Adolf Kose yagize ati “twarihishaga kugira ngo batatujyana mu gisirikare. Iyo wafatwaga, wahitagamo kujya mu gisirikare cyangwa kuraswa. Birumvikana ko ibyo byadindije umurimo wo kubwiriza kuko kugira icyo ukora bitari byoroshye.”

Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1944, ibintu byarahindutse maze ingabo z’Abasoviyeti zitsimbura iz’Abadage muri Esitoniya, bituma Esitoniya yongera gukandamizwa n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bw’Abasoviyeti. Intambara hamwe n’imyaka yakurikiyeho yaranzwe no gukandamiza abaturage, byagize ingaruka mbi cyane ku Banyesitoniya. Bamwe mu baturage bo muri icyo gihugu barishwe, abandi bajyanwa mu turere twa kure two muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, naho abandi barahunga. Abo bose bageraga kuri kimwe cya kane cy’abari batuye muri Esitoniya. Uko imyaka yagendaga ihita, ni ko Abarusiya babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana bimukiraga muri Esitoniya, bituma abatuye icyo gihugu baba uruvange. Nk’uko turi buze kubibona, ubutegetsi bw’Abasoviyeti bwagerageje cyane ukwizera kw’abavandimwe bacu.

UMUVANDIMWE WO MU ISHYAMBA ABA UMUVANDIMWE WO MU BURYO BW’UMWUKA

Hari umutwe w’abenegihugu warwanyaga Abasoviyeti wari ugizwe n’abitwaga “Abavandimwe bo mu ishyamba” kubera ko bihishaga mu mashyamba y’inzitane. Babaga bari kumwe n’abantu benshi batari muri uwo mutwe, ariko bihishaga bitewe n’uko bahigwaga na ba maneko bo mu rwego rushinzwe ubutasi mu Burusiya (KGB). Ugenekereje, abantu bari hagati ya 15.000 na 20.000 bari bihishe mu mashyamba, bamwe muri bo bakaba bari bamaze imyaka myinshi abategetsi batababona. Uwa nyuma muri bo yabonetse mu mwaka wa 1978. Ese umuntu wahoze muri uwo mutwe w’Abavandimwe bo mu ishyamba yari kwemera ukuri akaba umuvandimwe wo mu buryo bw’umwuka?

Erik Heinloo yari azi ko ari mu kaga kubera imirimo yigeze gukora muri Leta ya Esitoniya. Abasoviyeti bamaze kwigarurira Esitoniya, we n’umugore we Magda bagerageje incuro nyinshi guhungira muri Suwede bakoresheje ubwato. Ku ncuro ya nyuma ubwo bari bamaze kujya mu bwato, moteri yabwo yarapfuye maze basubira inyuma. Yamaze imyaka irindwi yihisha abategetsi mu mashyamba, ariko amaherezo baza kumufata. We n’umugore we bafungiwe muri gereza zitandukanye zo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti.

Magda ageze muri gereza yahuye n’Abahamya babiri, bamugezaho ibyiringiro by’Ubwami. Yahise yemera ko ibyo bamubwiye ari ukuri, biramushimisha ku buryo yahagurutse akabyina. Magda yafunguwe mu mwaka wa 1956, abatizwa mu mwaka wa 1960. Umugabo we Erik na we yarafunguwe maze hashize imyaka irindwi yemera ukuri. Nguko uko uwahoze mu mutwe w’Abavandimwe bo mu ishyamba yabaye umuvandimwe wo mu buryo bw’umwuka!

BAHIGWA BUKWARE KANDI BAGAFUNGWA

Abavandimwe b’abanyamahanga bamaze kuva muri Esitoniya, Martin Kose wari umuvandimwe w’intwari kandi w’umunyamwete, yahawe inshingano yo kuyobora umurimo mu majyaruguru ya Esitoniya. Naho Friedrich Altpere, akaba yari umuvandimwe muremure ugira ikinyabupfura wigishaga icyongereza mu mashuri yisumbuye, yahawe inshingano yo kuyobora umurimo mu majyepfo ya Esitoniya. Mu myaka ya 1930, Friedrich Altpere yari yarasabwe gusemura disikuru yatanzwe n’umwe mu bapayiniya b’abanyamahanga bari baje i Võru. Amaze kuyisemura, yahise yumva ko yabonye ukuri. Yari yaragize amajyambere ku buryo yashoboraga kuyobora umurimo wo kubwiriza mu majyepfo ya Esitoniya.

Abo bavandimwe bombi ntibari borohewe n’izo nshingano kubera ko batashoboraga gushyikirana n’umuteguro kandi bakaba batari inararibonye. Nubwo bombi bahuraga n’ingorane zaterwaga no gukora rwihishwa, bakomeje kuba indahemuka kuva mu mwaka wa 1940 kugeza igihe bafatiwe mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1948.

Hashyizweho Komite y’Umurimo yagombaga gusimbura Martin Kose na Friedrich Altpere, yari igizwe na Albert Kruus, Karl Talberg na Artur Indus, naho Lembit Toom akabungiriza. Nubwo abagize iyo komite bose bagombaga kwihisha, umuvandimwe Toom we yashoboraga kugenda nta kibazo, agasura amatsinda y’abavandimwe. Kubera iki? Yakoraga ku cyuma gisya cyakoreshwaga n’umuyaga. Bityo rero, iyo nta muyaga wabaga uhari icyuma kidakora, yabaga ashobora gukora icyo ashaka.

Abavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya bari bafite inshingano, bashyiraga ubuzima bwabo mu kaga kugira ngo bafashe bagenzi babo bahuje ukwizera. Amafoto y’abakekwagaho kuyobora umurimo yashyirwaga aho za gari ya moshi zihagarara, nk’aho ari abagizi ba nabi bashakishwa. KGB yashyizeho abantu bane bo gukurikiranira hafi buri wese mu bavandimwe bacu b’abagwaneza bagereranywa n’intama. Nubwo kuva mu wa 1948 kugeza mu wa 1951 ibintu bitari byoroshye, Yehova yahaye imigisha abagaragu be bakoranaga umwete umurimo wo kubwiriza. Ibyo byatumye ababwiriza biyongera barenga 100.

‘BAGIRAGA AMAKENGA NK’INZOKA, ARIKO BATAGIRA UBURIGANYA NK’INUMA’

Abigishwa ba Yesu bo muri Esitoniya bagendaga barushaho kubona ukuri kw’amagambo ya Shebuja agira ati “mugire amakenga nk’inzoka, ariko mumere nk’inuma mutagira uburiganya. Mwirinde abantu kuko bazabatanga bakabajyana mu nkiko, kandi bakabakubitira mu masinagogi yabo. Yee, bazabakurubana babajyane imbere y’abatware n’abami babampora, kugira ngo bibe ubuhamya kuri bo no ku mahanga” (Mat 10:16-18). Icyakora, bamwe mu bari bafite ukwizera gukomeye ntibiyumvishaga ko buri gihe Yehova adakiza abagaragu be ibitotezo bya Satani mu buryo bw’igitangaza (Yobu 1:9-12; 2:3-6). Hari Abahamya batagiraga “amakenga nk’inzoka.” Ibyo byatumye bagwa mu buryo bworoshye mu mitego y’abagome baturwanya.

Adolf Kose yagize ati “hari umugabo wari ushimishijwe wasaga n’aho afite ishyaka n’ubushizi bw’amanga. Yahawe inshingano mu itorero kandi bashiki bacu baramukundaga cyane. Abavandimwe batangiye kumukeka amababa babwira bashiki bacu ko batagomba kumuzana aho amateraniro abera hose.” Ikibabaje ni uko hari bamwe batumviye uwo muburo bituma uwo mugabo ashobora kugeza amakuru menshi kuri KGB.

Lembit Toom yagize ati “mu wa 1950, twabonye kopi z’Umunara w’Umurinzi ziturutse mu Budage, kandi twifuzaga no kuzigeza ku bavandimwe bacu bose bo muri Esitoniya.”

Hateguwe ikoraniro ryari kubera mu nzu yabikwagamo ibyatsi by’amatungo yari ahantu hitaruye. Abakozi ba KGB bamenye iby’iyo gahunda maze bitegura gufata abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bose. Bashyize amakamyo abiri y’abasirikare ahantu abavandimwe bari kuvira muri gari ya moshi. Hari abavandimwe batatu bari ku cyapa cyo ku muhanda wajyaga aho ikoraniro ryari kubera kugira ngo bahe amabwiriza abaje muri iryo koraniro. Umwe muri abo bavandimwe yumvise urusaku mu biti byari hafi aho, ajya kureba. Yashidutse areba mu munwa w’imbunda. Abasirikare bamusubiranyeyo, bagera aho ba bavandimwe babiri bari basigaye maze bose uko ari batatu barafatwa.

Lembit Toom na Ella Kikas (waje gushyingiranwa na Toom) bamaze kumenya ko ba bavandimwe batatu bafashwe, bagize icyo bakora badatindiganyije. Bahise burira ipikipiki ya Lembit, bihutira kugera ku cyapa cya gari ya moshi kibanziriza icyo ba bavandimwe batatu bafatiweho, kugira ngo baburire abavandimwe bari muri gari ya moshi yari igiye kuza. Lembit na Ella bageze kuri icyo cyapa bahise binjira muri gari ya moshi maze babwira abavandimwe ngo baviremo aho. Iyo gari ya moshi igeze kuri cya cyapa abasirikare ba KGB bari bategererejeho, basanze nta Muhamya n’umwe uyirimo maze baramanjirwa.

Hagati aho abandi bavandimwe bahise bashaka ahandi hantu ikoraniro ryabera. Nyuma yaho, abari baje mu ikoraniro banyuze mu kandi gahanda gatuje, bakora urugendo rw’ibirometero 10 bagera aho ikoraniro ryari kubera. Muri icyo gihe cyose, abasirikare bagendagendaga mu mihanda minini bashakisha abaje mu ikoraniro babacitse mu buryo budasobanutse. Iryo koraniro ryabaye nta kirogoya, haterana abantu 111. Icyakora bari basuherewe kuko buri wese muri bo yari azi ko igihe icyo ari cyo cyose ashobora gufatwa. Muri iryo koraniro hatanzwe raporo z’abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bo mu bindi bihugu, n’inkuru zikomeza ukwizera z’Abahamya ba Yehova bari mu bigo Abanazi bakoranyirizagamo imfungwa. Icyo gihe bararusimbutse nubwo baje gufatwa nyuma yaho; ariko iryo koraniro ryabahaye ubuyobozi n’imbaraga bari bakeneye kugira ngo bazashobore guhangana n’ibigeragezo byari bibategereje.

BAHATWA IBIBAZO KANDI BAGAKATIRWA

Mu mezi make yakurikiyeho, abavandimwe bose bafite inshingano bagiye bafatwa umwe umwe, hafatwa n’ababwiriza basaga 70 n’abandi bantu bari bafite ibyo bahuriyeho n’Abahamya ba Yehova. Muri icyo gihe, abo bagaragu ba Yehova bakunda amahoro bahoraga bahatwa ibibazo bidashira, ari na ko abari batarafungwa bumvaga ko ari bo batahiwe.

Kubera ko abari bafunzwe bahatwaga ibibazo nijoro kandi ibyo bikaba byaramaze amezi menshi, bamaze igihe kinini badasinzira neza. Uko bamaraga igihe kinini badasinzira, ni na ko umunaniro wo mu bwenge watumaga barushaho gutentebuka. Abavandimwe bakatirwaga bataburanishijwe. Babwirwaga gusa ko bakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 5 kugeza kuri 12 muri gereza cyangwa mu bigo byakorerwagamo imirimo y’agahato. Abenshi bakatiwe imyaka icumi. Bazira iki? Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amadosiye yo mu butegetsi, baziraga “gukwirakwiza poropagande irwanya Leta no gukora ibikorwa byo kugandisha abaturage.” Nyuma yaho gato, amategeko yaje guhinduka maze Abahamya batangira kujya bakatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25. Bivugwa ko igihe August Pressraud wari imyaka 63 yari amaze gukatirwa yabavugiyeho agira ati “ndashimira urukiko runkatiye igifungo kirekire bene aka kageni. Jye nabonaga nshigaje imyaka nka cumi n’ibiri gusa, none mwe mumpaye 25 yose!”

Abahamya bafungirwaga muri gereza mbi cyane cyangwa mu bigo byakorerwagamo imirimo y’agahato byo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, cyane cyane muri Siberiya no mu turere twa kure two mu burasirazuba cyangwa mu majyaruguru y’u Burusiya, kuko imibereho yaho yari igoye cyane. Byasaga naho izo mfungwa zitari zifite icyizere cyo kuzasubira iwabo, kandi inyinshi zumvaga ko icyazibera cyiza ari uko zakwipfira.

Abadutotezaga ntibarebeye izuba abavandimwe b’ibinyoma bakoranaga n’abategetsi. Urugero rubigaragaza ni inkuru y’ibyabaye ku bavandimwe babiri bahindutse intasi za KGB. Bakirangiza gukora umurimo bari barashinzwe, KGB yahise ibadukira irabatoteza. Bombi bahise boherezwa mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa. KGB ntiyubahaga ibyo bigwari byayihaga amakuru.b

BAVA MURI ESITONIYA BAKAJYA MURI SIBERIYA

Igihe KGB yari imaze gufata abo yabonaga ko ari Abahamya ba Yehova b’ingenzi, yiyemeje gukuraho uwitwa Umuhamya wa Yehova wese wari usigaye. Icyo gikorwa cyabaye mu gitondo cyo ku itariki ya 1 Mata 1951. Cyari cyateguwe neza cyane, gikorerwa icyarimwe mu duce twose tw’igihugu (hakubiyemo Lativiya, Lituwaniya, no mu Burengerazuba bwa Ukerene).

Abahamya ba Yehova hafi ya bose, abenshi muri bene wabo ba bugufi n’abantu bashimishijwe, bakuwe mu mazu yabo ikitaraganya bakoranyirizwa aho za gari ya moshi zahagararaga, babashyira muri gari ya moshi. Bemerewe gutwara ibyokurya n’utundi tuntu duke, ariko indi mitungo yabo yose irafatirwa. Uwo munsi abantu bagera hafi kuri 300 bavanywe muri Esitoniya bajyanwa muri Siberiya badaciriwe urubanza cyangwa ngo basobanurirwe impamvu. Abenshi bajyanywe mu karere ka Tomsk kari ku birometero 5.000.

ABAKIRI BATO B’INTWARI

Corinna Ennika wari ufite imyaka 17 na murumuna we Ene wari ufite imyaka 13 bari baragiye gusura bene wabo. Tekereza ukuntu bagize agahinda kenshi igihe bagarukaga iwabo bagasanga hafunze, bagashaka nyina bakamubura! Icyakora bamaze kumenya ko nyina yafashwe agafungwa, byarabahumurije mu rugero runaka. Kubera iki?

Corinna agira ati “nibura yari akiriho! Tumaze kumenya ko hari n’abandi bari bafashwe, twatekereje ko ibyo ari byo byose mama yari kumwe n’abandi bagaragu ba Yehova. Twumvise dufite amahoro aturuka kuri Yehova kandi twumva ko adushyigikiye. Yaba jye cyangwa Ene, nta wigeze arira nubwo ubusanzwe Ene atajyaga ashobora kwihangana. Kuwa mbere twagiye ku ishuri ntitwagira umuntu n’umwe duhingukiriza ko mama yari yarafashwe.”

Corinna na Ene bakomeje gutuza, ndetse n’igihe abayobozi bazaga kubajyana. Corinna akomeza agira ati “muri gari ya moshi twarimo, abantu bose bari batuje. Hari Umukristokazi waduteye inkunga atubwira ko Yehova atazemera ko tugerwaho n’imibabaro irenze iyo dushobora kwihanganira kandi ko tugomba kwiringira isezerano rye ry’uko azadufasha.” Abo bakobwa bamaze imyaka isaga itandatu batarabonana na nyina.

Ikigaragaza ko abo bantu batotezaga Abahamya babangaga cyane, ni inyandiko yavugaga iby’umwana wajyanywe muri Siberiya afite amezi atandatu. Icyaha cyatumye ajyanwayo ngo ni uko yari “umwanzi w’igihugu.”

Uburyo bajyanywemo bwari buteye ubwoba. Bakozwaga isoni bikabije kandi bagateshwa agaciro uko bishoboka kose. Buri gitondo na buri mugoroba babasohoraga muri gari ya moshi ngo bajye kwituma nubwo nta bwiherero bwabaga buhari. Hari mushiki wacu wagize ati “byari urukozasoni kandi bidakwiriye kugirirwa ikiremwa muntu. Ntibyashobokaga gutandukanya abagabo n’abagore. Abahisi n’abagenzi batunyuragaho kandi abapolisi babaga bahagaze hirya no hino baturinze.”

UBUZIMA N’URUPFU MURI SIBERIYA

Nyuma y’urugendo runanije rw’ibyumweru bibiri muri gari ya moshi, abari bimuwe hamwe n’utuntu duke bari bafite bururukiye ahantu hakonje cyane hari urubura. Abakoresha bavuye mu isambu yari hafi aho baraje batoranya abakozi beza bo kuyikoramo. Byari bimeze neza neza nk’uko abari bafite ibikingi baguraga abakozi mu isoko ry’abacakara.

Abenshi mu babaga muri Siberiya na bo bari barahaciriwe. Ibyo byatumaga bagirira impuhwe abaje babasanga. Abavandimwe bahaciriwe bahitaga bamenyera babifashijwemo na bagenzi babo bahuje ukwizera hamwe n’abaturage baho bagiraga urugwiro. Hari bamwe bahamenyereye, bongera kugira imibereho isanzwe mu rugero runaka. Ndetse bamwe bahagiriye ubuzima bwiza mu buryo batari biteze. Urugero, hari bashiki bacu babiri bo muri Esitoniya bari barwaye igituntu, ariko bageze muri Siberiya barakira bitewe n’ikirere cyaho gikakaye cyane.

Icyakora, si ko buri wese yahageze ngo amererwe neza. Hari umwana wapfiriye muri gari ya moshi, n’Umuhamya ugeze mu za bukuru wapfuye bitewe n’imibereho mibi cyangwa guhungabana mu byiyumvo. Hari abavandimwe bamugaye bitewe no kutavurwa neza cyangwa imirimo iruhije cyane bakoraga. Abandi bo banegekajwe n’imibereho mibi, indyo nkene, uburwayi, impanuka n’ubukonje bukabije. Nanone kandi, hari benshi bari bafite agahinda baterwaga no kumara imyaka myinshi baratandukanyijwe n’imiryango yabo kandi bakaba batarigeraga babona n’akabaruwa kabaturutseho.

Tiina Kruuse yagize ati “kubera ko umuryango wacu wari ugizwe n’abana n’abakobwa b’inkumi gusa, batujyanye mu isambu y’abakene. Abantu bo muri ako karere ntibagiraga ibyokurya bihagije; twebwe ho byari ibindi bindi. Abakihagera baryaga ibishishwa by’ibiti bya pinusi, imizi y’ibiti n’isupu y’ibisura.”

Muri Siberiya haba ibihe by’imbeho birebire n’ubukonje bukabije kandi Abanyesitoniya ntibari babimenyereye. Umuntu yananirwaga no gukora umurimo usanzwe, urugero nko guhinga ibirayi. Umwaka wa mbere wanegekaje abantu benshi kandi bawugiriramo inzara idashira.

Hiisi Lember avuga uko byari bimeze agira ati “habaga ubukonje bwa dogere 50 munsi ya zeru. Hari ubukonje bwinshi cyane ku buryo twarazaga urutete rw’inkoko munsi y’igitanda kugira ngo ziticwa n’ubukonje. Hari bamwe barazaga inyana mu nzu iyo yabaga yavutse mu gihe cy’imbeho.”

LETA YARATWISHYURIYE ITUJYANA MU IFASI NSHYA!

Hari hashize imyaka runaka William Dey avuze ko Abasoviyeti nibigarurira ibihugu byo mu burasirazuba bw’inyanja ya Baltique, abavandimwe bazaba babonye amafasi mashya kandi manini yo kubwirizamo. Ayo magambo yabaye impamo. Guverinoma y’Abasoviyeti yafashije Abahamya ba Yehova kwagura umurimo wabo wo kubwiriza ugera muri Siberiya no mu tundi duce twa kure bagiye boherezwamo. Nubwo Yehova yemeye ko Abahamya be batotezwa, byatumye abantu benshi batari barigeze bumva izina ry’Imana babona uburyo bwo kumenya ukuri.

Urugero, Lembit Trell yafashwe azira ibikorwa byo kurwanya ubutegetsi. Yumvise ibihereranye n’ukuri mu buryo budasanzwe mu mwaka wa 1948, ari muri gereza y’i Tartu. Hari umusirikare mukuru wo mu ngabo z’u Burusiya bari bafunganywe wamubwiye iby’Abahamya ba Yehova yari yarahuye na bo mu kindi cyumba yafungiwemo. Uwo musirikare yamubwiye muri make inyigisho z’Abahamya. Yamusobanuriye ko ubutegetsi bw’Imana ari bwo bwonyine buzakemura ibibazo biriho kandi ko vuba aha Imana igiye gutegeka isi. Ibyo byatumye Lembit ashimishwa.

Nyuma yaho, Lembit yoherejwe muri gereza y’i Vorkuta iri mu mpera z’amajyaruguru ya Siberiya, hafi y’inyanja ya Arctique. Agezeyo, yumvise itsinda ry’Abahamya bavuga ibihereranye na Bibiliya. Abegereye, yaje kumenya ko ibyo bavugaga ari kimwe na bya bindi yari yarumvanye wa musirikare, maze atangira kuganira na bo.

Abo bavandimwe babajije Lembit bati “wowe wafunzwe uzira iki?”

Arabasubiza ati “naharaniraga ubutabera.”

Umwe muri abo Bahamya aramubaza ati “waba se warabigezeho?”

Nubwo igisubizo cyigaragazaga, Lembit yarashubije ati “oya, sinabigezeho.”

Umwe muri abo bavandimwe yabwiye Lembit ati “none se ntubona ko wibeshye? Wagombye kuba warifatanyije n’abazatsinda urugamba!” Bahise batangira kumusobanurira icyo Bibiliya ivuga ku ntambara yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Lembit yabateze amatwi, amaherezo aza kubona ko yabonye ukuri, abona ko agomba kujya ku ruhande rwa Yehova akarwana intambara yo mu buryo bw’umwuka.

Lembit amaze gufungurwa yasubiye muri Esitoniya, atangira intambara yo mu buryo bw’umwuka, none ubu ni umupayiniya w’igihe cyose. Umugore we Maimu na we yize ukuri mu buryo nk’ubwo. Yabwirijwe n’umuntu utari Umuhamya igihe yari muri gereza.

Kubwiriza ntibyari byoroheye abavandimwe batari bazi ikirusiya neza. Nubwo bari bazi amagambo make y’ikirusiya, gutangiza ibiganiro byaraboroheraga igihe cyose babitangizaga bavuga impamvu bazanywe muri Siberiya. Ubwo buryo bwatumye abavandimwe bagira ubuhanga bwo kubwiriza mu buryo bufatiweho. Nanone, babonye uburyo bwiza bwo kubwiriza abaturutse muri Esitoniya, bababwiriza mu rurimi rwabo kavukire. Hari umuntu warokotse uvuga ko ugereranyije, Abanyesitoniya bari hagati ya 15 na 20 bamenyeye ukuri mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa. Ibyo kandi ni na ko bimeze ku Barusiya n’Abanyalituwaniya benshi.

BABONA IBYOKURYA BYO MU BURYO BW’UMWUKA

Hakoreshwaga uburyo bwinshi kugira ngo Bibiliya n’izindi mfashanyigisho za Bibiliya bigere muri za gereza no ku Bahamya bari barajyanywe mu turere twitaruye. Hari umuvandimwe wabisobanuye agira ati “twohererezwaga amapaji y’ibitabo mu bisorori byashyirwagamo inyama z’ingurube cyangwa izindi nyama z’ibinure. Nta wapfaga kubona izo mpapuro kuko mu gihe cy’imbeho ibinure bihinduka umweru. Nubwo abayobozi bajombaga ibyuma muri ibyo bisorori, ntibyari byoroshye kubona urupapuro rwabaga ruri mu mpande z’ibisorori.” Ni gake cyane abo bayobozi babonaga ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka by’agaciro kenshi byabaga bihishe mu bisorori by’ibiryo.

Nanone wasangaga hari udupande tw’ibitabo tudodewe mu dukapu batwara mu ntoki cyangwa mu myenda, utwahishwe mu ikarito y’amasabune cyangwa mu isabune bakorogoshoye. Ella Toom yaravuze ati “nashoboraga gushyira amagazeti ane y’Umunara w’Umurinzi muri imwe mu masabune yabaga ari mu ikarito.”

Kubera ko abayobozi babanzaga gusoma amabaruwa, Abahamya bitoje kubwirana inyigisho z’ukuri ko muri Bibiliya n’ibintu bya gitewokarasi bakoresheje amagambo asanzwe ntihagire urabukwa. Urugero, hari mushiki wacu wanditse agira ati “Data atwitaho cyane kandi dufite umugozi ugera mu iriba.” Yashakaga kuvuga ko “Data” Yehova yabitagaho mu buryo bw’umwuka, ko bageraga ku “iriba” ari ryo muteguro wa Yehova, kandi ko babonaga amazi y’ukuri atanga ubuzima, ari byo bitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya.

Nubwo bandukuraga ibitabo byinshi n’intoki, hari bimwe byakorerwaga fotokopi hakoreshejwe uburyo bworoheje bwo gucapa. Iyo Abahamya babaga bandukura ibyo bitabo n’intoki, bashimishwaga no guhabwa igihano cyo kujya kuba bonyine bazira umurimo wo kubwiriza. Kubera iki? Hari mushiki wacu wagize ati “byabaga ari byiza iyo nashyirwaga muri kasho ya jyenyine. Iyo nabaga ngezeyo ni bwo nashobora guhindura neza Umunara w’Umurinzi kuko nta kirogoya nyinshi nagiraga.” Ayo ni amwe mu mayeri menshi y’abadutotezaga yabaye imfabusa, ahubwo agatuma inyungu z’ubwami zirushaho gutera imbere.—Yesaya 54:17.

AKAMARO K’AMATERANIRO

Guteranira hamwe n’abandi Bahamya byari imbonekarimwe, ariko bikaba iby’agaciro kenshi. Corinna Ennika avuga uko we n’undi mushiki wacu bagize ubutwari bagasiba akazi iminsi runaka bagiye ku materaniro, kandi nta ruhushya basabye. Yagize ati “twavuye ku kazi nimugoroba dukora urugendo rw’ibirometero 25, tugera aho bategera gari ya moshi. Twamaze amasaha atandatu tugenda muri gari ya moshi yahagurutse saa munani z’ijoro, tuyivuyemo dukora urugendo rw’ibirometero 10 tubona kugera aho amateraniro yaberaga. Twageze ku nzu amateraniro aberamo tucyibaza uwari kuvuga ijambo ry’ibanga Abahamya bari baziranyeho, tubona umuvandimwe arasohotse. Yahise atumenya, atubwira yishimye ati ‘ni hano, mwahageze! Nimwinjire!’ Twize Umunara w’Umurinzi turirimba n’indirimbo z’Ubwami. Byaduteye inkunga rwose kandi bikomeza ukwizera kwacu.” Ku munsi wa gatatu basubiye ku kazi maze bashimishwa no kumenya ko umugenzuzi w’isambu bakoragamo atigeze anamenya ko batari bahari. Kujya mu materaniro yaberaga mu bwihisho byagize uruhare runini mu gukomeza ukwizera kw’abagaragu ba Yehova b’indahemuka kandi bituma bagira ubutwari.

Hari igihe abavandimwe bari mu materaniro muri gereza maze abarinzi b’iyo gereza babagwa gitumo baje gushakisha ibitabo. Umuvandimwe wari ufashe zimwe mu mpapuro z’igitabo yahise afata umweyo atangira gukubura. Abarinzi barashakishije ntibagira icyo babona, barangije baragenda. Uwo muvandimwe yari yazingiye za mpapuro ku muhini w’umweyo azifatiraho maze akubura ashishikaye.

IMBARAGA Z’URUKUNDO NYAKURI RWA GIKRISTO

Adolf Kose yagize ati “namaze imyaka itanu nkorera hasi mu birombe bya nyiramugengeri. Twari mu karere k’amajyaruguru k’impera y’isi, gahora kijimye mu gihe cy’ubukonje bwinshi. Iyo twabaga turangije akazi, twazaga imusozi tugasanga hijimye. Twamaze amezi menshi twibera mu mwijima. Nanone ntitwabonaga ibyokurya bikwiriye. Ibyo byagize ingaruka ku bushobozi bwanjye bwo kwibuka no kumenya aho igihe kigeze. Kubera ko twagiraga akazi kenshi, inzara n’umunaniro mwinshi, nta mbaraga twabaga dufite zo kuganira ku bintu bisanzwe. Icyakora, iyo twabaga tuganira ku bintu byo mu buryo bw’umwuka ntitwigeraga tunanirwa; twashoboraga kumara amasaha menshi tuganira.”

Muri izo ngorane zose, abagaragu ba Yehova bitoje kugaragarizanya urukundo ruzira ubwikunde. Umuvandimwe Kose yagize ati “icyo twabonaga cyose twaragisaranganyaga. Twitoje gusaranganya ibyo twabaga dufite kuko buri wese yabaga akeneye ubufasha.”—1 Yohana 4:21.

Abari bashinzwe kuturinda na bo baje kumenya ko Abahamya bitanaho. Igihe Aino Ehtmaa yimurirwaga mu kindi kigo cyakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa, nta kiyiko cyangwa agasahani yagiraga, kandi byari ibintu by’ibanze mu buzima bwo muri ibyo bigo.

Umugenzuzi w’icyo kigo yaramubwiye ati “ntugire ikibazo, abavandimwe bawe bari buguhe ibyo ukeneye.” Kandi koko barabimuhaye. Kugaragaza urukundo rwa gikristo nk’urwo, akenshi byagiye byubahisha izina rya Yehova.

Icyakora, ibigeragezo byibasira ubudahemuka ntibyigeze bicogora. Urugero, nubwo mushiki wacu Ehtmaa yari amaze igihe runaka muri gereza, abarinzi ba gereza bahoraga bamubaza bati “ese na n’ubu nturemera gufatanya natwe?” Gufatanya na bo bavugaga ni ukubamenera amabanga y’Abahamya ba Yehova.

Buri gihe, Ehtmaa yarababwiraga ati “ko mwanshyize muri gereza kandi papa na mama bakaba barapfuye ari mwe bazize, nafatanya namwe nte?”

Ndetse n’igihe abo Bahamya bakuwe mu byabo babaga ‘baboshywe,’ bakomezaga kugaragaza urukundo nk’urwa Kristo babwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami igihe cyose byabaga bishoboka. Ariko se babwirizaga ba nde? Politiki y’Abasoviyeti yo kwimurira ahandi abenegihugu bakomeye ariko batari Abakomunisiti, ‘yugururiye’ Abahamya “irembo ryo kuvuga” bababwiriza. Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu benshi bashimishwaga n’ibiganiro byubaka bagiranaga n’izo ntiti zitashoboraga kubatega amatwi, cyangwa ngo zitabire ubutumwa bw’Ubwami iyo zitaza kuba zarimuriwe aho hantu.—Abakolosayi 4:2-4.

Umuvandimwe Kose agira ati “nyuma yaho twajyanywe mu bindi bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa. Muri buri kumba ka gereza hakorerwaga umurimo ukomeye wo kubwiriza. Sinigeze mbwiriza nk’icyo gihe, haba mbere yaho na nyuma yaho.”

Mu myaka yose Abahamya bamaze barakuwe mu byabo, bagabwagaho ibitero ubudatuza. Bambuwe ibyabo, bakwa uburenganzira bwabo kandi bateshwa agaciro mu buryo bwose bushoboka. Icyakora, ababatotezaga ntibigeze bashobora kubaca intege cyangwa ngo bababuze kugirana na Yehova imishyikirano myiza.

BAGARUKA MURI ESITONIYA

Mu mwaka wa 1953, Joseph Staline yarapfuye maze abenshi mu bari bamushyigikiye bicwa n’agahinda. Icyo gihe Ella Toom yari afungiwe mu kumba kamwe n’abandi Bakristokazi batandatu. Umurinzi w’iyo gereza yaje arira, abategeka kunamira Staline. Bagize ubutwari barabyanga.

Urupfu rwa Staline rwatumye hahinduka byinshi muri politiki. Mu mwaka wa 1956 n’uwa 1957, Abahamya ba Yehova bo ku isi hose boherereje guverinoma y’Abasoviyeti inzandiko amagana n’amagana bayisaba kurenganura abavandimwe babo bari barakuwe mu byabo. Abo bavandimwe bagiye bahabwa imbabazi umwe umwe. Abari muri gereza barafunguwe, naho abari barimuriwe ahandi bemererwa gusubira iwabo. Abahamya bamwe bahise bafungurwa Staline akimara gupfa, abandi bamara igihe runaka bategereje. Urugero, umuryango wa Tuiman wimuwe mu wa 1951 ariko wemererwa gutaha mu mwaka wa 1965. Nubwo abavandimwe bacu bemerewe gusubira muri Esitoniya, bagombaga gushaka aho baba kuko ibyabo byose byari byarafatiriwe igihe bimurwaga.

REKA DUSUBIZE AMASO INYUMA

Ibikangisho, ubugome bukabije, imirimo y’agahato n’ubuzima bugoye bwo muri gereza byagize izihe ngaruka ku Bahamya? Abenshi muri bo bakomeje kugira ukwizera gukomeye kandi bakomeza kuba abizerwa n’igihe ubuzima bwabo bwari mu kaga. Abahamya bagera kuri 27 b’Abanyesitoniya baguye muri gereza cyangwa aho bari barimuriwe. Muri abo harimo Artur Indus wari umwe mu bari bagize Komite y’Umurimo muri Esitoniya mbere y’uko yimurwa. Friedrich Altpere yapfuye nyuma gato yo gufungurwa, bitewe n’ingaruka z’imirimo y’agahato. Abagaragu ba Yehova bahanganye n’ibitotezo bikaze muri Siberiya. Icyakora byabigishije byinshi kandi bakomeza kuba indahemuka. Bavuye muri ibyo bitero bikaze bafite ukwizera gukomeye kandi bazi kwihangana.—Yakobo 1:2-4.

Viljard Kaarna yagize ati “abavandimwe bari bafite inshingano bose bari mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa. Icyakora twakomeje gushyikirana na bo. Ibyo byatumye igihe twari muri Siberiya dukomeza kubona ibitabo no kugirana na Yehova imishyikirano myiza. Tugarutse muri Esitoniya, kubona buri gihe ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka byari bigoye cyane. Urebye ntitwari kumererwa neza mu buryo bw’umwuka iyo tuza kuguma muri Esitoniya.”

Abenshi mu bakuwe mu byabo batari Abahamya bari barabaye abarakare bitewe n’imibabaro. Icyakora, Abahamya ba Yehova bo babonaga ko kuba bari barakuwe mu byabo byatumye bakomera mu buryo bw’umwuka.

Corinna Ennika agira ati “imibabaro twahuye na yo yatumye twitoza kumvira. Twiringiraga Yehova kandi ntitwigeze tubyicuza. Twiboneye ko burya tuba dukeneye ibintu bike gusa kugira ngo dushobore kubaho. Jye na murumuna wanjye Ene twari dufite akavarisi n’agakarito twaterekaga munsi y’igitanda. Iyo twumvise hari icyo dukeneye dusubiza amaso inyuma tugatekereza kuri ibyo. Imyaka myiza y’ubuto bwacu, ni ukuvuga imyaka iri hagati ya 17 na 23, twayimaze muri Siberiya. Akenshi najyaga nibaza niba twari kuzigera dukomera mu buryo bw’umwuka iyo tutaza kuba twarakuwe mu byacu. Numva ko muri Siberiya ari ho hari heza kuri twe muri icyo gihe.”

Hari undi mushiki wacu wagize ati “twahise twibagirwa imyaka itanu twamaze muri Siberiya. Ni nk’aho narimo ndeba filimi mu gihe cy’amasaha make gusa.”

Aino Ehtmaa abivuga agira ati “sinzigera nibagirwa urumuri rw’amabara meza cyane rukunda kugaragara mu mpera ya ruguru y’isi, iminsi ikonje cyane igihe urunyurane rw’ibicu bivuye mu nyanja no mu migezi biba bitumbagira mu kirere. Nanone sinzibagirwa iminsi yaho, igihe izuba ryamaraga ibyumweru bibiri ritarenze, n’amajoro yaho, igihe izuba ryamaraga ibyumweru bibiri ritarashe. Ndibuka udushami tw’icyatsi kibisi twashibukaga ku biti bya pinusi mu gihe cy’impeshyi, n’inyoni zo mu bwoko bw’ibishuhe zo mu karere k’impera ya ruguru y’isi zaryaga udushami duto tw’ibiti birebire. Numvaga ari nk’aho naje kwitemberera muri Siberiya nubwo nahuriyeyo n’ingorane. Naje kubona ko Yehova ashobora gufasha umuntu uba ahantu nk’aho akagira ibyishimo.”

IBIHE BISHYA N’AMAYERI YA KERA

Abavandimwe bamaze kugaruka muri Esitoniya bavuye muri Siberiya, bakomeje gutotezwa. Abapolisi bakoreshaga uburyo bweruye ubundi bagakoresha amayeri kugira ngo babone amakuru ahereranye n’umuteguro kandi bawuharabike.

Jüri Schönberg wari warafunzwe azira kwanga gukora imirimo ya gisirikare, yakuwe mu nkambi yakorerwagamo imirimo y’agahato kugira ngo ahatwe ibibazo. Umukozi wihariye wa KGB yavuye i Kiev muri Ukerene aza muri Esitoniya azanywe no kumwumvisha ko agomba gukorera KGB. Yagerageje kwereka Jüri ko ibitabo by’Abahamya ba Yehova birwanya ubutegetsi kandi ko byuzuyemo amakosa. Yahaye Jüri amagazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi yo gusoma. Nubwo byagaragaraga ko ayo magazeti ari Umunara w’Umurinzi koko, Jüri yanze kuyakira. Yatinyaga ko hashoboraga kuba harimo amagazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi KGB yashyizemo amakosa maze ikongera kuyacapa kugira ngo iteze urujijo mu Bahamya. Uwo mukozi yamaze icyumweru ava mu gitondo akageza nimugoroba ahatira Jüri gukorana na KGB, ariko Jüri arashikama yanga kubyemera.

BONGERA GUSHYIKIRANA NA “MAMA”

Nubwo ubwo butegetsi bw’igitugu bwabujije abaturage babwo gushyikirana n’abo mu bindi bihugu, ntibwashoboye kubuza ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka kugera ku bavandimwe. Abavandimwe bamaze imyaka myinshi bakoresha ibitabo byo mu myaka yashize. Igihe Abahamya bo muri Esitoniya bari muri Siberiya babonanaga n’abavandimwe bo mu bindi bihugu byari bigize Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Bagarutse muri Esitoniya, bakomeje gushyikirana n’abo bavandimwe kandi hari igihe bajyaga babona ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka biziye igihe. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 1956 bashyikiranaga na Ivan Dziabko n’abandi bavandimwe bo muri Ukerene maze bakabagezaho ibitabo. Icyakora, ntibashyikiranaga kenshi kandi ibitabo babahaga byabaga ari bike cyane. Hari ikindi kintu cyari gikenewe kandi Yehova yatumye imihati y’abavandimwe bacu igira icyo igeraho.

Inteko Nyobozi yasabye ibiro by’ishami byo muri Finilande gushyiraho gahunda ihamye yo gufasha abavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya. Vilho Eloranta wari warabaye umupayiniya wa bwite muri Esitoniya mu myaka ya 1930, yahawe inshigano yo kujya ashyikirana na bo. Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1960 yasubiye muri Esitoniya ashobora guhura na Fanny Hietala. Nyuma yaho abavandimwe benshi bo muri Finilande bazaga muri Esitoniya bigize ba mukerarugendo bazanye ubutumwa, kandi bafashije abavandimwe gukomeza gushyikirana n’umuteguro. Amaherezo, abavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya bashoboye kujya bashyikirana na “mama” nk’uko bitaga umuteguro wa Yehova. Bashoboraga kohereza raporo z’umurimo wo kubwiriza n’amabaruwa, kandi na bo bakohererezwa ibitabo mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki. Icyakora kubera ko ibyo byose byagombaga gukorwa mu ibanga kandi mu buryo bwitondewe, abavandimwe bahuraga n’abo muri Finilande incuro ebyiri cyangwa eshatu mu mwaka.

Hugo Kose Jr. wabaga muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, akaba yari umuhungu wa se wabo wa Adolf Kose, yaje muri Esitoniya incuro 15 azanye ubutumwa. Igihe kimwe, umukozi wo kuri gasutamo yamusatse abyitondeye ariko ntiyagira icyo abona. Icyakora yabize icyuya igihe uwo mukozi wo kuri gasutamo yamubazaga idini rye. Kubera ko Hugo yari yamaze kubona ko abo bakozi batavugaga icyongereza neza, yatangiye gusuka icyongereza cyinshi avuga vuba vuba. Abo bakozi birinze kumubwira ngo avuge yitonze kuko bangaga kumwereka ko nta cyongereza bazi. Ubwo telefoni yahise isona maze baramubwira ngo yihute kuko ubwato bwari bugiye kugenda. Yahise abumvira atazuyaje!

Abatwaraga ubutumwa bari bazi ko inshingano yabo ari iy’ingenzi cyane kandi bayifatanaga uburemere. Bahoranaga amakenga kandi bazirikana buri gihe ko gukabya kwiyiringira byashoboraga kubateza akaga. Raporo z’umurimo wo kubwiriza zandikwaga hakoreshejwe inyandiko ijimije kugira ngo nizigwa mu maboko y’abantu zitagenewe, be kuzabasha kuzisoma. Abatwaraga ubutumwa babaga bazi ko batitonze bashoboraga gushyira mu kaga ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’abandi. Hari igihe babonaga abakozi ba KGB babakurikiye. Igihe Viljard Kaarna yari ategereje abavandimwe babiri bari kumuha igipfunyika, yabonye umukozi wa KGB afotora abo bavandimwe hanyuma arabakurikira. Nta gushidikanya ko yashakaga ibimenyetso yari gukoresha ashinja Abahamya. Icyakora, muri iyo myaka yose nta raporo, nta gitabo habe n’ibaruwa abavandimwe bigeze batakaza.

IBINTU BISHYIRWA MU BURYO

Hashize imyaka runaka umurimo wo kubwiriza muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti uyoborwa na Komite y’Igihugu yo muri Ukerene. Nanone hari abavandimwe babaye abagenzuzi b’intara muri icyo gihugu kinini cyane. Kubera ko icyo gihe abagize umuteguro muri Esitoniya bagendaga biyongera, hari hakenewe umuntu wo kugenzura umurimo muri icyo gihugu. Mu mwaka wa 1967, Adolf Kose yahawe inshingano yo gushyira kuri gahunda umurimo wo kubwiriza, kubera ko yari umuntu utuje kandi afite imico ikenewe bitewe n’ibigeragezo yari yarahuye na byo. Nyuma yaho, izo nshingano zaje kwiyongeraho no kwita ku mabaruwa na za raporo zo muri Lativiya, Lituwaniya, Kareliya, Leningrad (ubu yitwa St. Petersburg), no muri Murmansk. Nanone umuvandimwe Kose yagize uruhare mu gushyira kuri gahunda imirimo yo gucapa yakorerwaga ahantu hatandukanye.

None se, umuvandimwe Kose yashoboye ate gusohoza izo nshingano zose, kandi we n’umugore we Koidula barakoraga mu kigo cyororerwagamo ingurube cyari hafi y’umugi wa Tapa? Umuvandimwe Kose yari yarahimbye amayeri yatumaga ako kazi kamworohera mu rugero runaka. Ibyo byatumye abona igihe gihagije cyo kwita ku nshingano ze za gitewokarasi.

Nyuma yaho, umuvandimwe Viljard Kaarna, Lembit Toom na Silver Silliksaar batangiye kujya basura amatorero muri Esitoniya no mu bihugu bihana imbibi byari bigize Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Abahamya bavugaga ikirusiya bamaze kuba benshi muri Esitoniya, Alexandr Yevdokimov na we yahawe inshingano yo gusura amatorero. Mu gihe runaka imirimo yo gucapa yaratandukanyijwe, abavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya bavugaga ikirusiya bagira icapiro ryabo. Igihe babaga bohererejwe ibitabo mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki, byabaga biri mu kirusiya kandi bishobora guhita bicapwa ku mpapuro zabigenewe. Uko amatorero yagendaga yiyongera, umurimo uruhije wo gufotora ibitabo wasimbujwe ubundi buryo bwo gucapa, kuko utashoboraga gutuma haboneka ibitabo byose amatorero yari akeneye kandi ukaba warasabaga ko abavandimwe benshi bifatanya mu gucapa, bakorera ahantu henshi. Nubwo abavandimwe bari bafite amikoro make, bashoboye gukora kopi zibarirwa mu magana z’ibitabo bisaga 20 kandi byose babikorera mu bwihisho. Hagati y’umwaka wa 1966 n’uwa 1989 hacapwe amapaji asaga miriyoni eshanu y’ibitabo biri mu kinyesitoniya n’ikirusiya.

BYARI NGOMBWA KO ABAVANDIMWE BAGIRA AMAKENGA

Abapolisi bigeze gusaka inzu y’umuvandimwe bitwaje ko bashaka moto yari yibwe. Ariko bahise bajya ku kabati k’ibitabo, kandi rwose aho si ahantu umuntu yahisha moto! Mu by’ukuri, biragaragara ko bashakaga ibitabo byari byarabuzanyijwe. Mbega ukuntu bamanjiriwe batabibonye!

Abavandimwe babigenzaga bate kugira ngo bahishe ibyo bitabo he kugira ubibona? Iyo bakoraga ibitabo, babifubikishaga ibifubiko by’ibitabo bya kera by’isi cyangwa ibinyamakuru. Bityo, iyo bazaga gusaka mu buryo butunguranye, akenshi ibyo bitabo bya “kera” ntibabyitagaho.

Abahamya bakoreshaga ibirori wenda nk’ubukwe, kugira ngo bahishe ko bari mu materaniro cyangwa mu makoraniro. Urugero, ubukwe bwa Heimar na Elvi Tuiman bwamaze iminsi ibiri. Rimwe na rimwe ibirori nk’ibyo byamaraga iminsi itatu cyangwa ine. Abasaza bo muri Esitoniya bateraga abagiye gushyingiranwa inkunga yo kudakora ubukwe burimo abantu benshi cyane. Amatsinda y’abantu bake ntiyagaragaraga cyane, abantu ntibayibazagaho byinshi, kandi ntiyatezaga ingorane nyinshi.

HAZA ABAVANDIMWE BO MU BURUSIYA

Mu mwaka wa 1970, Abahamya bari bamaze igihe bo muri Ukerene, Belarusi, no mu tundi turere twa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti batangiye kwimukira muri Esitoniya. Kuri benshi muri abo bavandimwe, ubuzima bwo muri Esitoniya bwari bworoshye ugereranyije no mu bihugu byabo kavukire, aho bari barahanganye n’ibitotezo bikaze.

Itorero rya mbere ryakoreshaga ururimi rw’ikirusiya ryari rigizwe n’ababwiriza bagera kuri 50, ryashinzwe i Tartu mu mwaka wa 1972, rikaba ryarafashwaga n’abavandimwe nka Nikolai Dubovinski ukomoka muri Ukerene akaba yari amaze igihe kinini ari umusaza. Ifasi ikoresha ikirusiya yararumbukaga, ku buryo mu mwaka wa 2010 hari hamaze gushingwa amatorero 27 n’amatsinda 4 akoresha ikirusiya, akaba yari arimo ababwiriza basaga icya kabiri cy’ababwiriza bose bo muri Esitoniya.

UBURYO BUTANDUKANYE BWO KUBWIRIZA MU BURYO BUFATIWEHO

Abavandimwe bavuga ikirusiya bari ababwiriza barangwa n’ishyaka n’ubushizi bw’amanga kandi ntibatinyaga kubwiriza mu buryo bufatiweho. Urugero, baganirizaga ba mukerarugendo babaga baje gusura insengero zo mu mugi wa Tallinn bakababwiriza. Akenshi ba mukerarugendo batekerezaga ko umuntu wababwiraga ibya Bibiliya yabaga ashinzwe kubatembereza, bityo bategaga amatwi bashishikaye cyane ibyo abavandimwe bababwiraga.

Hari bashiki bacu babwirizaga muri gari ya moshi. Byabasabaga kugura itike yo kugenda no kugaruka muri gari ya moshi yakoraga ingendo hagati ya Tartu na Tallinn. Urugendo rw’amasaha umunani, rwatumaga babona igihe gihagije cyo kuganiriza abagenzi kandi bakabagezaho ubutumwa bwiza.

Maria Pasechnick wari warimukiye muri Esitoniya aturutse muri Kazakisitani, yagize ati “nasengaga nsaba ko nabona umuntu twigana Bibiliya.” Amaze kubitekerezaho, yiyemeje kubwiriza abantu babaga bari kumwe na we, bakamara amasaha menshi batonze umurongo bategereje kugura ibyokurya.

Maria akomeza agira ati “umunsi umwe ubwo nari mpagaze ku murongo, natangiye kuganira n’umugore, maze buhoro buhoro ngenda nerekeza ikiganiro kuri Bibiliya. Icyakora uwo mugore ntiyari ashimishijwe cyane, ariko yaranjyanye anyereka abandi bagore b’incuti ze ampuza na bo, hanyuma arandeka ngo nkomeze ikiganiro. Ibyo byatumye mbona abantu bane tuzajya twigana Bibiliya. Umwe muri abo bagore yaje kuba Umuhamya wabatijwe kandi na n’ubu aracyakorera Yehova mu budahemuka.”

Nk’uko bimeze n’ahandi hose, abagaragu ba Yehova benshi bazwiho kuba intangarugero ku kazi. Urugero, umugore wari uhagarariye ishyaka ry’Abakomunisiti mu kigo gitanga ingufu, yavuze ko Leonhard Nilsk atari agikenewe muri icyo kigo kubera ko ngo yari umunyedini. Ariko kandi, umuyobozi wa laboratwari y’amashanyarazi yafashe ijambo aravuga ati “none se dukeneye Abakomunisiti b’abasinzi badakora akazi kabo, kuruta uko dukenye umunyedini uzwiho ko ari inyangamugayo?” Abandi bakozi bakoranaga na Leonhard baramushyigikiye kubera ko yavugwaga neza, nuko ntibakomeza kubitindaho. Uko bigaragara, uwo mugore yashakaga kwibonekeza ku bayobozi bakuru b’ishyaka, kandi igihe ubutegetsi bw’Abakomunisiti bwavagaho muri Esitoniya, uwo mugore ni we wavuye ku kazi.

KUBWIRIZA MU GIHE UMURIMO WARI UBUZANYIJWE

Uwitwa Lembit Reile, ubu akaba ari umwe mu bagize Komite y’Ibiro by’Ishami muri Esitoniya, agira ati “igihe nari nkiri mu ishuri, najyaga mbwiriza abanyeshuri benshi twiganaga mbigiranye amakenga. Hari umuhungu najyaga ntumira akaza mu mwanya wanjye, nkamubwiriza mu ibanga. Maze kurangiza ishuri, hashize imyaka 20 ntamuca iryera. Vuba aha, mperutse kujya gutanga disikuru mu itorero ry’iwacu. Ariko se uzi uwo twahuriye muri ayo materaniro? Ni wa munyeshuri twiganye! Yiganaga Bibiliya n’Abahamya ba Yehova, kandi nyuma y’igihe gito mvuye aho yaje kubatizwa! Mbega ukuntu byanshimishije!”

Kubera ko umurimo wacu wari warabuzanyijwe, abavandimwe bagombaga kwitonda mu gihe babwiriza. Hari umusaza wasobanuye uko babigenzaga agira ati “twafataga igihe tukitegereza abantu badukikije, hanyuma tukareba abo twaganira na bo bitaduteje akaga. Twagombaga kugira amakenga cyane iyo twabaga tuganira n’abantu tutazi. Iyo twabaga tumaze kuganira n’umuntu umwanya muto, akenshi twashoboraga gutahura niba ari maneko. Nanone, iyo umuntu yabaga avuga amagambo menshi cyangwa akavuga asakuza, ntitwamushiraga amakenga. Ku rundi ruhande, kuvugana n’umuntu utavuga menshi ni byo byabaga bidateje akaga. Akenshi twaganiraga n’abantu batari bashyigikiye ubutegetsi bw’Abakomunisiti, bitwaga ko ari ibigande, kuko bo basaga n’aho babona ibintu mu buryo bwagutse kurushaho.”

URUZINDUKO RUTEYE INKUNGA MU BUSITANI

Inteko Nyobozi yateganyije ko umwe mu bayigize ari we Lloyd Barry, hamwe na Viv Mouritz wo ku biro by’ishami bya Finilande, bahura na Adolf Kose, wayoboraga umurimo muri Esitoniya. Bahuriye mu busitani bw’i Leningrad (ubu ni St. Petersburg).

Umuvandimwe Mouritz yavuze iby’iyo nama yabaye mu ibanga agira ati “mu mizo ya mbere, Umuvandimwe Kose yabanje kwanga kuvuga, kandi yakomezaga kwikinga mu maso ikinyamakuru yari afte. Ariko uko ikiganiro cyakomezaga, yageze aho icyo kinyamakuru arakimanura atangira kuvuga.”

Umuvandimwe Barry yagize ati “twaramutumiye ngo aze dusangire arabyanga. Yavuze ko ibyiza ari uko twakwibanda ku bibazo bya ngombwa ibindi tukabyihorera.”

Igihe Umuvandimwe Kose yagaragazaga ko bahangayikishijwe n’ibitotezo bikaze cyane Abahamya bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe by’Abasoviyeti bari bahanganye na byo n’ukuntu nta mudendezo bari bafite, Umuvandimwe Mouritz na Barry bamugejejeho ibitekerezo bitera inkunga. Baramubwiye bati “natwe abo mu bindi bihugu duhanganye n’ibigeragezo. Ibyo bigeragezo bisa n’aho byoroheje, ariko biteje akaga kurushaho! Duhura n’ibishuko mwe mudahura na byo, kandi dutakaza abantu benshi muri Amerika no mu Burayi kubarusha.”

Urwo ruzinduko rwaziye igihe kandi rwakomeje Umuvandimwe Kose mu buryo bw’umwuka. Nyuma yaho ni bwo yamenye ko burya bwose yavuganaga n’umwe mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi, kandi inkunga umuteguro wa Yehova wamuteye, na we yishimiye kuyitera abandi bose bakomezaga kuba indahemuka nubwo bakandamizwaga n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu.

Nyuma yaho, Umuvandimwe Barry yaranditse ati “abavandimwe bacu bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti tubahoza ku mutima. Guhura n’Umuvandimwe Kose byaradushimishije cyane, kandi nanone twashimishijwe n’ukuntu tugiye gutandukana yadukoze mu ntoki kandi akaduhobera.”

ABAKIRI BATO BAGARAGAJE UBUTWARI KU ISHURI

By’umwihariko, abagaragu ba Yehova bakiri bato bahanganye n’ikigeragezo cyo gushyigikira gahunda za gipolitiki. Nanone basabwaga kwifatanya mu bindi bikorwa binyuranyije n’umutimanama wabo watojwe na Bibiliya.

Ester Tamm agira ati “umunsi umwe, igihe nari nkiri muto, ku ishuri babwiye abanyeshuri bose ngo bahaguruke, buri wese ajye imbere ashyire umukono ku rwandiko rwifurizaga umutegetsi w’umunyagitugu Joseph Staline umunsi mwiza w’amavuko.”

Ester yarahagurutse, ariko yanga kujya imbere. Ahubwo yavuganye ikinyabupfura ko atari gushyira umukono kuri urwo rwandiko. Umwarimu yararakaye, ariko atungurwa n’uko abandi banyeshuri bamwe bashyigikiye Ester kandi bakagira ubutwari bwo kuvuga ko na bo batari gushyira umukono kuri urwo rwandiko. Ibyo byatumye uwo mwarimu adakomeza kubitindaho.

Ikindi kigeragezo cyari icyo kwambara agatambaro gatukura ko gushyigikira ishyaka ry’Abakomunisiti. Abangaga kukambara bakangishwaga ko bari guhabwa amanota make cyangwa bakabaha ikindi gihano. Abavandimwe bacu na bashiki bacu bakiri bato banze guteshuka, bagaragaza umwuka w’ubudahemuka nk’uwagaragajwe na Daniyeli na bagenzi be batatu b’Abaheburayo muri Babuloni ya kera.—Dan 1:8.

HATANGIRA IGIHE GISHYA

Kuba abaturage 7 ku ijana ari bo bonyine bari mu ishyaka ry’Abakomunisiti, bigaragaza ko muri rusange abaturage bo muri Esitoniya batari bashyigikiye ubutegetsi bw’Abasoviyeti. Abayobozi ba Esitoniya si ko buri gihe bashishikariraga gukurikiza amabwiriza bahabwaga n’abategetsi b’i Mosiku, kandi bamwe muri bo bafashaga Abahamya. Urugero, mu mwaka wa 1985 hari umuyobozi wagiriye Lembit Toom inama, ati “nzi ko uri umwe mu bantu bakomeye mu Bahamya. Nimuhurira hamwe mu materaniro yanyu, ntimugaterane ku minsi mikuru ya leta.”

Lembit yaramushubije ati “nzabibwira abandi.” Uko bigaragara, iyo Abahamya bagiraga amateraniro ku minsi mikuru ya leta, byarakazaga urwego rw’ubutasi. Bisa naho abavandimwe bakabyaga guterana ku mugaragaro cyane, bityo bagize icyo bahindura kugira ngo bumvire iyo nama ya gicuti bari bagiriwe.

Mu mwaka wa 1986 hatangiye igihe gishya, ubwo Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zatangizaga politiki y’impinduramatwara yitwaga perestroika. Inteko Nyobozi yateye abavandimwe inkunga yo gukoresha icyo gihe gishya cy’ubwisanzure n’umudendezo bagategura amakoraniro mu Burayi bw’i Burasirazuba. Abavandimwe bacu bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti ntibiyumvishaga ko umudendezo washoboraga kuboneka mbere ya Harimagedoni. Bari bakibuka imibabaro yose banyuzemo, kandi gusaka ingo zabo byari bigikomeza.

BATUMIRIRWA GUTANGA IBIGANIRO MBWIRWARUHAME

Uko umudendezo wagendaga wiyongera, ni na ko abantu benshi barushagaho gushishikazwa n’idini na Bibiliya. Muri rusange abantu bari bafite amatsiko yo kumenya uko Abahamya ba Yehova bitwaye, kandi ibigo binyuranye byatumiraga abavandimwe ngo baze gusobanurira abantu imyizerere yacu.

Igihe kimwe umuvandimwe Lembit Reile yaratunguwe. Yemeye kuzatanga ikiganiro imbere y’itsinda ry’abantu. Uwo munsi ugeze, Ainar Ojarand wari wateguye iyo gahunda, yumvaga radiyo anogosha ubwanwa, yumva itangazo ryagiraga riti “uyu munsi mu kigo cya Sakala haratangirwa ikiganiro gifite umutwe uvuga ngo ‘Ni iki Bibiliya yigisha?’” Ikigo cya Sakala ni cyo cyari kinini mu byaberagamo inama muri Tallinn, aho Ishyaka ry’Abakomunisi ryakundaga gukoreshereza inama! Ainar yatunguwe no kumva iryo tangazo kuri radiyo, ku buryo akuma yogosheshaga kari kagiye kumucika! Icyakora ntiyari afite uburyo bwo kumenyesha Lembit ko iyo nama yari kuba irimo abantu benshi kuruta uko babitekerezaga; yabimubwiye ari uko bahuriye aho bategera bisi.

Lembit yagize ati “icyumba cy’inama cyari cyuzuye. Sinari narigeze mvugira imbere y’abantu bangana batyo. Sinari narigeze mvugira muri mikoro mpagaze kuri podiyumu. Maze kuvuga isengesho rigufi, nahise ntekereza igihe Pawulo yavugiraga muri Areyopago, kandi ntekereza amagambo nari butangize. Kubera ko abenshi mu bari banteze amatwi bataryaga inyama, natangiye nsobanura ko Imana yahaye abantu ba mbere imbuto n’imboga gusa ngo abe ari byo bazajya barya. Nyuma y’Umwuzure ni bwo bemerewe kurya inyama.”

Ayo magambo navuze ntangira asa naho yatumye abantu bashishikarira gutega amatwi, kandi ikiganiro kirangiye benshi batonze umurongo bampa amazina na aderesi yabo, kugira ngo bajye babona ibitabo mu gihe bibonetse. Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi, hari abavandimwe benshi bagiye batanga ibiganiro imbere y’abantu benshi mu masomero y’ibitabo, mu mashuri no mu bigo ndangamuco. Ibyo byatumye abantu benshi bakunda ibyo gukiranuka babona ukuri kandi barakwemera.

BAKOMEZA KUBA MASO MU BURYO BW’UMWUKA

Mu mwaka wa 1989, abagaragu ba Yehova bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti batangiye kugenda barushaho kubona umudendezo mu by’idini, bituma abavandimwe bamwe bashobora kujya mu ikoraniro ryabereye muri Polonye. None se nyuma y’imyaka myinshi bakandamizwa n’ubutegetsi bw’igitugu, bumvaga guteranira hamwe mu mudendezo bimeze bite?

Ella Toom yagize ati “twari twishimye cyane! Twasutse amarira menshi y’ibyishimo! Twumvaga iryo koraniro ari paradizo nyakuri yo mu buryo bw’umwuka.”

Undi mushiki wacu yagize ati “twageze muri Polonye hakiri kare, maze batujyana mu materaniro yaberaga mu Nzu y’Ubwami. Igihe nabonaga abavandimwe na bashiki bacu binjira mu Nzu y’Ubwami, natangiye gusuka amarira y’ibyishimo. Bwari ubwa mbere nkandagira mu Nzu y’Ubwami.”

Muri uwo mwaka, Theodore Jaracz na Milton Henschel bo mu Nteko Nyobozi, bari kumwe na Willi Pohl wo ku biro by’ishami byo mu Budage, basuye uturerere dutandukanye two muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Bari bashishikajwe no kubonana n’abavandimwe bakabatera inkunga kandi bifuzaga kumenya uko bari bamerewe. Ibyaberaga ku isi byahindukaga mu buryo bwihuse, kandi nta gihe cyo guta cyari gihari; bagombaga guhita bafatirana politiki y’impinduramatwara yari muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti bakagira icyo bakora. Icyo cyari igihe cyo kongera gushyira kuri gahunda umurimo w’Ubwami, bakibanda mbere na mbere ku murimo w’ubuhinduzi.

Guhera mu mwakwa wa 1983, Toomas (Tom) Edur, wahoze ari umukinnyi wa hockey ukomoka muri Esitoniya, yakoreraga ku biro by’ishami byo muri Kanada, agahindura ibitabo bimwe mu rurimi rw’ikinyesitoniya.c Icyo gihe, ibyo bitabo byahabwaga mbere na mbere Abanyesitoniya babaga mu mahanga. Ariko mu mwaka wa 1990, igihe uburyo bwo gukorera umurimo muri Esitoniya bwatangiraga kuboneka, Toomas n’umugore we Elizabeth babanje koherezwa gukorera ku biro by’ishami byo muri Finilande, kugira ngo bahindure ibitabo byacu mu kinyesitoniya, maze bidatinze bimukira muri Esitoniya.

Mbere yaho, abahinduzi bakoreraga ahantu hatandukanye, buri wese akora ku giti cye. Ariko byaragaragaraga ko abahinduzi bari kurushaho kungukirwa iyo baza kuba bakorera hamwe. Bityo abahinduzi batangiye gukorera mu rugo rwa Lembit Toom rwari i Tartu. Icyakora, kubera ko kubona orudinateri muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti bitari byoroshye, abahinduzi ntibari bafite ibikoresho bari bakeneye kugira ngo bakore umurimo wabo neza. Ariko ibintu byaje kugenda neza igihe umuvandimwe yasuraga ibiro by’ishami byo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika akagaruka azanye orudinateri ebyiri, noneho urwego rw’ubuhinduzi rugatangira gukora neza. Abahinduzi bake gusa ni bo bari bazi gukoresha orudinateri hamwe na porogaramu y’umuteguro yitwa MEPS, ibyo bikaba byaratumaga akazi kataborohera. Ariko bari bafite ishyaka ryo kubyiga, kandi bidatinze batangiye gukora umurimo unonosoye.

BAJYA MU RINDI KORANIRO RISHIMISHIJE MU MAHANGA

Uko imbaraga za Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti zagendaga zigabanuka mu Burayi bw’i Burasirazuba, ni ko abaturage bagendaga barushaho kugira umudendezo. Nguko uko abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bagera kuri 200 bo muri Esitoniya bahawe impushya zo kujya mu ikoraniro ry’intara ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ururimi rutunganye,” ryabereye i Helsinki ho muri Finilande muri Kamena 1990.

Igihe abo bavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya bavaga mu bwato bwari bwabazanye muri Finilande, abavandimwe bo muri Finilande bari baje kubasanganira ku cyambu, bamaze nk’igice cy’isaha bakoma amashyi y’urufaya! Abantu batari Abahamya bagize amatsiko yo kumenya ibyabaye kandi bifuzaga kumenya abo bantu b’ibyamamare abo ari bo. Mbega ihinduka rikomeye! Abavandimwe bacu boroheje bari bamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo batotezwa n’abategetsi ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, barimo bakirwa nk’abakinnyi batsinze mu Mikino Olempiki!

Mbega ukuntu abavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya bashimishijwe cyane no gukurikirana igice cya porogaramu mu kinyesitoniya kandi bakabona ibitabo bishya mu rurimi rwabo kavukire! Hari umuvandimwe wari umaze igihe kinini ari Umuhamya wagize ati “igihe twafataga mu ntoki bwa mbere agatabo kanditswe mu rurimi rwacu, twumvaga dufashe ikintu cy’agaciro kenshi.”

Abavandimwe bari baturutse muri Esitoniya bashimishijwe cyane no kumva itangazo rishishikaje ryatanzwe muri disikuru isoza. Uwatangaga iyo disikuru yavuze ko Inteko Nyobozi yari yemeye ko guhera muri Mutarama 1991, igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi mu kinyesitoniya yari kuzajya isohokera rimwe n’iy’icyongereza kabiri mu kwezi irimo amabara! Abari bateze amatwi barishimye cyane barahaguruka bamara umwanya munini bakoma mu mashyi. Bamaze gukoma mu mashyi habaye ituze, maze umwe mu bari bateze amatwi arabaza ati “mbese hazaba hari igazeti imwe kuri buri tsinda ry’icyigisho nk’uko byari bisanzwe? Cyangwa buri muntu azajya ahabwa kopi ye bwite?” Igihe basubizaga ko buri wese azajya ahabwa kopi ye, barishimye cyane bituma bongera gukoma mu mashyi bashimira.

Ibiro by’ishami byo muri Finilande byahise bitangira gucapa ibitabo byo mu kinyesitoniya, nanone bicapa amagazeti yabonekaga guhera mu mwaka wa 1990. Uretse kuba Abahamya bo muri Esitoniya barahawe ubufasha bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka, banahawe ubufasha butubutse bwo mu buryo bw’umubiri bwatanzwe n’abavandimwe bo mu bihugu binyuranye, ubwo bufasha bukaba bwari bukenewe cyane kubera ko ubukungu bwari bwifashe nabi.

IKORANIRO RYA MBERE BAKOZE MU MUDENDEZO

Umuteguro wa Yehova wahise ukoresha umudendezo mu by’idini wagendaga wiyongera, maze uteganya amakoraniro y’intara manini muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti hose. Mbega ukuntu abavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya bashimishijwe cyane no kugira ikoraniro rya mbere mu makoraniro y’intara yari afite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abakunda umudendezo,” ryabereye i Tallinn kuva tariki ya 13-14 Nyakanga 1991!

Iryo koraniro ryari rishimishije by’umwihariko ku bari bamaze igihe kinini ari Abahamya. Kubera iki? Ni ukubera ko ikoraniro rya nyuma baherukaga mu mudendezo ryari iryo mu mwaka wa 1940. Mbega ukuntu bari bashimishijwe cyane n’uko nyuma y’imyaka isaga 50 bari bongeye guteranira hamwe mu mudendezo!

Abavandimwe bavuga ikirusiya bo mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, abo mu bihugu byo mu karere k’inyanja ya Baltique, n’ab’i Kaliningrad bakoraniye mu nzu yaberagamo ibitaramo y’i Tallinn. Indi nzu yegeranye na yo yarimo imyanya igera ku gihumbi yateraniyemo abavuga ikinyesitoniya, bose hamwe bakaba barateranye ari 4.808. Nta gushidikanya ko icyo cyari igihe cy’ibyishimo byinshi, kuko habatijwe abantu 447!

Amakoraniro nk’ayo afasha cyane abakiri bashya kumenya ukuri. Urugero, nyirakuru wa Leonhard Nilsk witwa Amalie yasengeraga mu Badivantisiti, ariko agashidikanya ku nyigisho zabo. Leonhard yamuteye inkunga yo gushakisha ukuri muri Bibiliya. Icyakora, Amalie yahinduye uko yabonaga ibintu igihe yajyaga mu ikoraniro ryabereye i Tallinn mu mwaka wa 1991. Amalie amaze guterana umunsi wa mbere, yatangaje ko atazasubira mu idini rye. Ibyo Leonhard yamubwiye ntibyari bihagije; yagombaga kujya kwirebera ubwoko bwa Yehova. Yemeye kwiga Bibiliya, nyuma yaho arabatizwa.

INZOZI ZABAYE IMPAMO

Nubwo abagaragu ba Yehova batari bagitotezwa cyangwa ngo bakandamizwe, bamwe byarabagoye kwemera ko icyo cyari igihe cy’umudendezo wo kuyoboka Imana. Urugero, umusaza umaze igihe kirekire yajyaga yibaza niba igitabo Ushobora kubaho iteka ku isi izahinduka paradizo kizigera kiboneka mu kinyesitoniya. Mu mwaka wa 1991, cyabaye igitabo cya mbere mu bitabo byacapwe mu kinyesitoniya muri icyo gihe gishya cy’umudendezo wagendaga wiyongera.

Uwo musaza yagize ati “maze gufata icyo gitabo mu ntoki zanjye, nagize ngo ndarota. Igihe nacyerekaga abari mu materaniro, twananiwe kwifata dusuka amarira y’ibyishimo. Hashize umwanya nta wukoma, dore ko batemeraga ko ibyo bamaze kumva ari ukuri. Hanyuma hakurikiyeho gusuka amarira y’ibyishimo! Abavandimwe bari bishimye, ari na ko barira. Nta muntu wakwibagirwa igihe nk’icyo. Buri gihe iyo ntekereje icyo gihe, amarira anzenga mu maso.”

Buri gihe abavandimwe bumvanga bameze “nk’abarota” (Zab 126:1-6). Nyuma y’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo bahanganye n’ingorane, benshi muri bo biboneye isohozwa rishimishije ry’isezerano riri mu Ijambo ry’Imana rigira riti “mu gihe gikwiriye tuzasarura nitutarambirwa.”—Gal 6:9.

IKINTU GISHIMISHIJE KITAZIBAGIRANA

Itariki ya 31 Ukwakira 1991, ni itariki abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bo muri Esitoniya bazahora bibuka. Kuri iyo tariki, itorero rya mbere ry’Abahamya ba Yehova ryabonye ubuzima gatozi muri Esitoniya.

Igihe cyo kongera kwiyubaka mu buryo bw’umwuka cyari kigeze. Abantu bari bashimishijwe cyane n’ubutumwa bwiza, kandi bari basigaye bavugira ku mugaragaro ko bashishikajwe na Bibiliya n’idini. Hari abantu benshi bakeneye kwigishwa Bibiliya, kandi amateraniro y’itorero, amakoraniro y’akarere n’amakoraniro y’intara yagombaga gutegurwa. Abahinduzi bari bakeneye amazu akwiriye kugira ngo bashobore kwita ku kazi kabo katasibaga kwiyongera.

Hagati aho, abamisiyonari bize mu ishuri rya Gileyadi batangiye kuhagera, kandi hari hakenewe amacumbi akwiriye y’abamisiyonari. Bari bakeneye gufashwa gukemura ibibazo bijyanye n’impushya zo kwinjira mu gihugu no kugituramo. Nanone ikibazo kijyanye no kutabogama kwa gikristo cyagombaga kuganirwaho n’abayobozi kikabonerwa umuti, kandi hari hakenewe ibyangombwa byo kubaka kugira ngo hubakwe Amazu y’Ubwami.

Reino Kesk wari umugenzuzi usura amatorero muri iyo minsi yagize ati “muri icyo gihe imyaka yahitaga vuba kubera ko hari ibintu byinshi byagombaga gukorwa kugira ngo hashyirweho urufatiro rw’umurimo wa gitewokarasi. Nanone cyari igihe gishishikaje cyane. Abantu bakundaga ukuri kandi bagahita bakwemera. Muri buri torero hari abantu benshi bifuzaga kubatizwa. Hari abantu bashimishijwe bazaga mu ikoraniro batazi byinshi ku Bahamya ba Yehova bakishimira disikuru bumvise, ako kanya bagahita bavuga ko bashaka kubatizwa. Hari byinshi byagombaga gukorwa kugira ngo abo bantu bafashwe!”

Igihe Esitoniya yayoborwaga n’ubutegetsi bw’Abasoviyeti, umurimo wo kubwiriza wayoborwaga n’ibiro by’ishami byo mu Budage. Bumwe mu buryo bw’ibanga bwakoreshwaga mu gushyikirana hagati y’u Budage na Esitoniya, kwari ukunyura ku biro by’ishami byo muri Finilande. Ariko kubera ko noneho imipaka yari ifunguye kandi uburyo bwo gushyikirana bukoroha, mu mwaka wa 1992 umurimo wo muri Esitoniya watangiye kugenzurwa n’ibiro by’ishami byo muri Finilande.

BARI BAFITE ISHYAKA KANDI BASHISHIKAYE!

Kubera ko hari abantu benshi bagiraga amajyambere mu buryo bwihuse, ntibyari byoroshye gukurikirana abantu bose bashya bifuzaga kuzuza ibisabwa ngo babe ababwiriza batarabatizwa. Urugero, Tom Edur yasuye itsinda rito rishya mu gitondo cyo ku Rwibutso rw’urupfu rwa Kristo, maze atangazwa no kubona hari haje abantu benshi bifuza kujya mu murimo wo kubwiriza.

Tom yabajije umuvandimwe wo muri iryo tsinda ati “mbese uzi abantu bose bari aha?”

Uwo muvandimwe yaramushubije ati “yego, ariko bamwe ntibaraba ababwiriza.”

Tom yarakomeje ayobora iteraniro ry’umurimo wo kubwiriza, hanyuma arababwira ati “nyuma y’iri teraniro ndaganira na buri wese utaraba umubwiriza.”

Abantu bagera ku icumi bahise bajya kumureba bamubwira ko bifuzaga kujya kubwiriza. Tom amaze kubasobanurira ibintu by’ibanze ababwiriza batarabatizwa bagomba kuba bujuje, abakobwa batatu bamubwiye ko bari batarasezera mu idini ryabo. Tom yababwiye ko niba bifuza kuba Abahamya ba Yehova bagombaga gusezera mu idini ryabo. Ni ko babigenje! Bahise bajya mu idini bahozemo, basibisha amazina yabo mu gitabo, hanyuma bajya kwifatanya n’abandi mu murimo wo kubwiriza.

Hari umugabo wari waje kuri iyo porogaramu y’iteraniro ry’umurimo wo kubwiriza wari ukinywa itabi. Byari kumusaba igihe kugira ngo yiyezeho uwo mwanda, bityo yasubiye imuhira yiyemeje kuzaba umubwiriza nyuma yaho.

Kubera ko noneho abavandimwe bashoboraga gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza nta mategeko ya leta ababuza, bari bashishikajwe no gukoresha uburyo bwose kugira ngo bageze ubutumwa bwiza ku bantu benshi uko bishoboka kose. Hari bamwe bari bafite ishyaka ryinshi cyane ku buryo bari bakeneye kugirwa inama kugira ngo bashyire mu gaciro bakomeze kugira imibereho myiza yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Urugero, igihe Tom Edur yaganiraga n’umusore ku bibazo by’abifuza kubatizwa, yamubajije niba abasaza b’itorero barigeze kumugira inama.

Uwo musore yaramushubije ati “yee, abasaza bangiriye inama yo gushyira mu gaciro ku birebana n’uko nkoresha igihe cyanjye.”

Tom yaramubajije ati “ikibazo wari ufite cyari ikihe?”

Uwo musore yaramubwiye ati “urebye, kubera ko namaraga amasaha 150 buri kwezi mu murimo wo kubwiriza, byatumaga nirengagiza izindi nshingano nsabwa n’Ibyanditswe. Abasaza bambwiye ko ngiye mara amasaha 100 mu murimo wo kubwiriza, najya mbona igihe cyo kwiyigisha no gutegura amateraniro.”

IKORANIRO RISHIMISHIJE MU BURUSIYA

Ikindi kintu kitazibagiranama mu mateka y’umuteguro, ni ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryabere i St. Petersburg mu Burusiya, muri Kamena 1992. Kuri benshi mu Bahamya 1.000 baje muri iryo koraniro baturutse muri Esitoniya, cyari igihe gishimishije cyo kongera guhura n’abandi Bahamya bafunganywe, hamwe n’abandi Bahamya bari barahuye igihe bari baraciriwe muri Siberiya.

Umwe mu baje muri iryo koraniro yagize ati “iryo koraniro ryateguwe mu gihe cyari kitunogeye. Twakodesheje gari ya moshi yihariye ku mafaranga make, twishyura mu mafaranga yakoreshwaga mu Burusiya. Hanyuma, hasigaye icyumweru kimwe ngo ikoraniro ribe, Esitoniya yahinduye ifaranga, ireka gukoresha ifaranga ryo mu Burusiya. Iyo tuza kuba tutari muri Esitoniya muri icyo cyumweru cyari cyahariwe guhinduza amafaranga, ntitwari kubona uko duhinduza amafaranga yacu. Nyamara nubwo twari duhari kugira ngo duhinduze amafaranga yacu, hari umubare ntarengwa w’amafaranga twari twemerewe guhinduza. None se amafaranga tutari twashoboye kuvunjisha twari kuyamaza iki? Kubera ko ayo mafaranga yari agikoreshwa mu Burusiya, abavandimwe bayajyanye mu ikoraniro, maze bayashyira mu dusanduku tw’impano. Byongeye kandi, iyo iryo koraniro riza kuba mu cyumweru kimwe nyuma yaho, ubwo hari hamaze gushyirwaho amategeko mashya agenga imipaka, byari kudusaba kugura impushya zihenze zo kwambuka umupaka. Iryo koraniro ryari ryateguwe mu gihe cyiza kinogeye abavandimwe!”

Umwe mu bantu benshi bakozwe ku mutima n’iryo koraniro ritazibagirana, ni umugore wari ushimishijwe wari wateganyije kujyana n’Abahamya bavuye muri Esitoniya. Yagize ati “sinari narumvise neza isaha yo guhagurukiraho. Nageze aho bategera gari ya moshi nsanga yansize. Ariko nari nishyuye urugendo. None se nari kubigenza nte? Nasenze Yehova musaba kumfasha, kandi mubwira ko nari gukora ibyo nshoboye byose kugira ngo njye muri iryo koraniro.

“Ushinzwe gari ya moshi yambwiye ko nagombaga kugura indi tike nkagenda n’indi gari ya moshi, ariko sinari mfite amafaranga ahagije yo kugura indi tike! Mu buryo butunguranye, nagiye kubona mbona itsinda ry’abantu bageze aho. Bose bari bishimye cyane kandi bambaye neza! Bari Abahamya bo mu kirwa cya Sarema. Gari ya moshi yabo yari itaraza, kandi itike nari mfite yatumye nshobora kujyana na bo. Mbega ukuntu numvise mpumurijwe!

“Abo Bahamya bagiye baririmba indirimbo z’Ubwami, kandi zankoze ku mutima mu buryo bwihariye. Numvaga meze nk’aho nabaye umwe mu bagize umuryango wabo wo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Nagumanye na bo igihe cyose iryo koraniro ryamaze, nibonera ukuntu bari abantu barangwa n’urukundo kandi bazira uburyarya. Ibyo byatumye gushidikanya kose nari mfite ku Bahamya kuvaho. Icyo gihe byarigaragazaga rwose ko nari nabonye umuteguro Imana ikoresha ku isi.” Uwo mugore wahoze ashimishijwe, ubu ni umupayiniya w’igihe cyose hamwe n’umugabo we.

ABAKOZI BAFITE UMUTIMA UKUNZE BITABIRA UMURIMO

Umurimo wo kubwiriza no gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda wagendaga waguka cyane, bityo hari hakenewe abavandimwe benshi b’inararibonye. Ni ba nde bari kwita kuri izo nshingano zakomezaga kwiyongera? Kimwe na Yesaya, hari abantu benshi bavuze bati “ndi hano, ba ari jye utuma.”—Yes 6:8.

Abamisiyonari bane ba mbere bize mu ishuri rya Gileyadi, ari bo Vesa na Leena-Maria Edvik hamwe na Esa na Jaael Nissinen, bahageze mu mwaka wa 1992. Reino na Lesli Kesk, bari bamaze imyaka 17 bakora umurimo wo gusura amatorero muri Kanada, na bo bari mu boherejwe gukorera umurimo muri Esitoniya. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1993, abapayiniya 20 bo muri Finilande boherejwe gukorera ubupayiniya bwa bwite mu mafasi akoresha ikinyesitoniya n’ikirusiya, haza n’abandi bamisiyonari bane.

Nyuma yaho, abamisiyonari bize mu mashuri ya Gileyadi yakurikiyeho bagiye boherezwa muri Esitoniya bakagenda bafite ibyishimo n’ishyaka ryinshi. Hari n’abandi bamisiyonari batize mu ishuri rya Gileyadi boherejwe muri Esitoniya. Abo bamisiyonari barangwa n’ishyaka hamwe n’abapayiniya ba bwite bari bashishikariye umurimo, bakomeje gushimangira urufatiro rukomeye rwari rwarashyizweho n’abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bakomeje kuba indahemuka mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Uretse abo, hari abandi bavandimwe na bashiki bacu bagera muri 200 baturutse mu bindi bihugu, baza gufasha aho ubufasha bwari bukenewe kurushaho. Kuba bari bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka byakomeje amatorero arasagamba. Hashinzwe amatorero menshi mashya, kandi wasangaga muri amwe muri ayo matorero, abo bavandimwe baturutse mu bindi bihugu ari bo basaza bonyine bahari, kugeza igihe abavandimwe bo muri ayo matorero bagiriye amajyambere bagahabwa inshingano.

Lembit Välja ni umwe mu baje gufasha. Yari yaravukiye muri Esitoniya, arokoka Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, hanyuma yimukira muri Ositaraliya, ari na ho yabereye Umuhamya. Agejeje igihe cyo gufata ikiruhuko cy’iza bukuru, yiyemeje gusubira muri Esitoniya mu mwaka wa 1990 akajya gufasha abantu bashimishijwe bari bafite inyota yo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Yibuka ko hari igihe yigeze kugira amatsinda 18 y’ibyigisho, yari ku buso burenga icya kabiri cya Esitoniya, akabamo abantu bagera kuri 80. Yagendaga muri bisi agiye gusura ayo matsinda, kandi incuro nyinshi yararaga aho bategera bisi akaryama mu mufuka wabigenewe. Abantu basaga 50 mu bo yafashije kwiga Bibiliya barabatijwe, kandi nubwo afite imyaka 84, aracyafite abantu bane yigisha Bibiliya. Umurimo yakoranye umwete no kwigomwa wageze ku bintu bishimishije: mu migi yasuraga hafi ya yose ubu hari Amazu y’Ubwami n’amatorero ameze neza.

Abo bavandimwe bari bafite umutima ukunze baje gufasha na bo babonye inyungu. Benshi bagize icyo bavuga ku buzima bukungahaye bagize bitewe no kumenyana n’abantu bo muri icyo gihugu, bakamenya n’uko babaho. Reino Kesk agira ati “bigufasha kubona ibintu mu buryo bwagutse, kandi bikagufasha kurushaho kubona ibintu nk’uko Yehova abibona iyo yitegereje isi yose.”

ABAGENZUZI B’UTURERE BATANGIRA GUSURA AMATORERO

Muri icyo gihe cyo kwiyongera kwihuse, abagenzuzi basura amatorero barayakomezaga cyane. Abagenzuzi b’uturere baritangaga cyane mu nshingano zabo, rimwe na rimwe bagakora amasaha 15 ku munsi; bifatanyaga mu murimo wo kubwiriza, bakajya mu materaniro bakanayayobora kandi bagasubiza ibibazo byinshi abavandimwe babazaga.

Akarere ka mbere kari gakubiyemo Esitoniya, Lativiya, Lituwaniya na Kaliningrad. Ifasi y’ako karere yari irimo amatorero 46 n’amatsinda 12, akoresha indimi enye! Nanone umugenzuzi w’akarere yabaga afite izindi nshingano zamutwaraga igihe kinini, urugero nko gukurikirana ibibazo birebana no gusaba ubuzima gatozi muri Lativiya no muri Lituwaniya. Ubu muri Esitoniya honyine hari uturere tune.

Umuvandimwe wo muri Esitoniya witwa Lauri Nordling wari umugenzuzi w’akarere mu mwaka wa 1995, agira ati “ababwiriza bishimiraga cyane gusurwa n’umugenzuzi w’akarere. Incuro nyinshi iyo twagiraga iteraniro ry’umurimo wo kubwiriza, icyumba twarigiriragamo cyabaga cyuzuye abantu. Igihe kimwe abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bateraniye mu kumba gato bagera kuri 70. Bari begeranye cyane ku buryo iyo uterera urubuto hejuru, rutari kubona uko rugera hasi.”

INGORANE ZO KWIGA URURIMI RUSHYA

Abantu benshi kwiga ururimi rushya birabagora, kandi ikinyesitoniya ni ururimi rugoye kwiga. Urugero, umumisiyonari mushya witwa Markku Kettula, yaganiraga n’umugabo, amubwira ibyerekeye Yesu Kristo. Aho kuvuga ko Yesu ari Rahuvürst, bisobanurwa ngo Umwami w’Amahoro, yakomezaga gutsindagiriza ko Yesu ari rahuvorst, bisobanurwa ngo inyama y’amahoro. Markku amaze kurambura muri Bibiliya muri Yesaya 9:6 ni bwo uwo mugabo wari waguye mu rujijo yasobanukiwe ko isoko nyakuri y’amahoro atari ikintu kiribwa!

Hari mushiki wacu w’umupayiniya wigaga ikirusiya amaze kwimukira muri Esitoniya. Mu gihe yari mu murimo wo kubwiriza yakomanze ku rugo rw’umusaza w’itorero atabizi, kandi ntiyamumenya. Nuko atangira kumubwiriza afite inkoranya mu ntoki. Uwo muvandimwe yagerageje kumusobanurira ko ari umusaza w’itorero. Nuko mushiki wacu ahita ashaka ijambo “umusaza” mu nkoranya, asanga risobanura “umuntu ushaje.”

Mushiki wacu ahita amubwira ati “reka, wowe nta bwo urasaza! Kandi niyo waba ushaje, muri paradizo ushobora kuzongera kuba muto.” Umuvandimwe amaze kumwereka ibitabo by’umuteguro mu nzu ye, ni bwo mushiki wacu yasobanukiwe ko atamubwiraga ko ashaje, ahubwo ko yari umusaza w’itorero.

UMUCAMANZA UTAREMERAGA KO IMANA IBAHO YAMENYE UKURI

Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, Viktor Sen yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka ibiri kubera ko yanze gukora umurimo wa gisirikare. Amaze umwaka umwe muri gereza, yasabye ko yakoherezwa gutura muri Siberiya, kuko byari gutuma abona umudendezo mwinshi kurushaho. Igihe yari imbere y’abacamanza basuzumaga ikibazo cye, bamubwiye amagambo akarishye y’uburakari, ndetse umucamanza umwe amubwira ko abantu bameze nka we bakwiye kumanikwa cyangwa bakaraswa.

Hashize imyaka mike nyuma yaho, igihe bari mu ikoraniro, umuvandimwe yajyanye Viktor imbere y’abantu bashimishijwe hanyuma aramubaza ati “hari uwo uzi muri aba?”

Viktor yarashubije ati “nta we.”

Umuvandimwe yaramubwiye ati “ongera witegereze neza.” Hanyuma amwereka umugabo wari muri iryo tsinda, wari ufite ipfunwe, aramubaza ati “n’uyu ntumuzi?”

Na bwo Viktor ntiyamumenye. Mbega ukuntu Viktor yatangajwe cyane no kumenya ko uwo mugabo yari Yuri, umwe mu bacamanza basuzumaga icyifuzo cye igihe yari muri gereza! Yari yaratangiye kwiga Bibiliya, kandi yari kumwe na Viktor mu ikoraniro. Ni iki cyari cyaratumye Yuri ahindura uko yabonaga Abahamya ba Yehova?

Yuri agira ati “narerewe mu muryango w’abanyamahane batemeraga ko Imana ibaho. Nkiri umunyeshuri nakundaga gutanga ibiganiro nsobanura ukuntu idini riteje akaga. Hanyuma hashize imyaka myinshi, najyaga nicarana n’incuti zanjye igihe zabaga zigana Bibiliya n’Abahamya ba Yehova. Nabonye ko nubwo nari nzi byinshi ku birebana n’ibinyoma by’amadini, mu by’ukuri nta bumenyi na buke nari mfite kuri Bibiliya. Bityo nashishikariye kumenya byinshi kurushaho ku byerekeye Bibiliya.”

Yuri amaze kubatizwa yabwiye Viktor ati “ubwo duherukana mu rukiko twari twicaye ku ntebe zitandukanye. Ariko nibiramuka bibaye ngombwa ko twongera kujya mu rubanza nka ruriya, tuzaba twicaye ku ntebe imwe! Sinzongera kugukatira.” Ubu Yuri na Viktor bose ni abasaza b’itorero muri Tallinn.

URWIBUTSO RUTAZIBAGIRANA

Umuvandimwe wari umaze igihe gito yimukiye muri Esitoniya yegereye Pavel na Margarita hanyuma ababwira mu kinyesitoniya gipfuye ati “niba mushaka ubuzima bw’iteka, mugomba kuza mu Rwibutso rw’Urupfu rwa Kristo kuri uyu mugoroba.” Ibyo byatangaje uwo mugabo n’umugore we, biyemeza kujyayo.

Pavel na Margarita bageze aho Urwibutso rwaberaga, babakiranye urugwiro. Ariko mu gihe porogaramu yari igikomeza, babaye nk’abikanze babonye umuntu wagendaga yitegereza abantu hanyuma akandika. Ntibamenye ko uwo muntu yabaraga gusa abaje mu Rwibutso. Pavel na Margarita batangiye kwibaza icyabazanye, ariko batinya gusohoka kubera ko babonaga hari abagabo babiri b’abanyambaraga basaga n’abarinze umuryango. Pavel na Margarita ntibamenye ko abo bavandimwe bari aho mu rwego rwo kwakira abashyitsi gusa, nuko babona ko ibyaba byiza ari uko batageregeza gusohoka.

Ariko disikuru y’Urwibutso irangiye, Pavel na Margarita bashimishijwe no kumva uwatangaga iyo disikuru atangaje ko abantu bose babyifuza bashobora kuyoborerwa icyigisho cya Bibiliya mu rugo ku buntu. Amateraniro arangiye, abavandimwe babasuhuzanyije urugwiro barabibwira, maze ubwoba bari bafite burashira bisabira kuyoborerwa icyigisho cya Bibiliya. Kubera ko bateganyaga kuzimuka mu byumweru bibiri, basabye ko bajya biga buri munsi. Bamaze kwimuka bahise baterefona abavandimwe bo hafi aho, barabibwira hanyuma basubukura icyigisho cyabo cya Bibiliya.

“NIBABONA IMIRIMO YANYU MYIZA”

Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri Esitoniya bagaragarizanya urukundo nk’uko n’abandi bavandimwe babo bo hirya no hino ku isi babigenza (Yoh 13:35). Abandi babona ukuntu bagaragarizanya urukundo, bikabashikariza kuyoboka ugusenga k’ukuri.—1 Pet 2:12.

Hari mushiki wacu ukora aho batunganyiriza imisatsi wogoshe Toivo hanyuma amuha igitabo (L’humanité à la recherche de Dieu). Arangije kugisoma, yifuje kujya mu materaniro yaberaga mu Nzu y’Ubwami, ariko yarajijinganyije kuko bari baramubwiye ko agomba kwirinda Abahamya. Bityo yafashe umwanzuro wo kujya yitegereza Abahamya bari ku Nzu y’Ubwami yibereye mu modoka ye. Yifuzaga kumenya uko abantu binjira mu Nzu y’Ubwami mbere y’amateraniro baba bameze, no kureba uko baba bameze iyo basohotsemo amateraniro arangiye.

Yatangajwe cyane no kubona bashiki bacu bahoberanaga bishimye, ahita yibonera ko abo bantu bitanaho by’ukuri. Yahise atangira kujya mu materaniro ashishikaye kandi atangira kwiga Bibiliya. Yagize amajyambere mu buryo bwihuse, maze bidatinze atangira kubwiriza abandi abigiranye ishyaka. Ubu ni Umuhamya wabatijwe.

“YEHOVA YASHUBIJE ISENGESHO RYANJYE!”

Mu mwaka wa 1997, Maria wari utuye mu mudugudu muto wa Tootsi yabonye Inkuru y’Ubwami No. 35. Yarayisomye maze yandikira ibiro by’ishami asaba kwiga Bibiliya. Bidatinze, abamisiyonari bitwa Markku na Sirpa Kettula baba mu mugi wa Pärnu, batangiye kwigana Bibiliya na Maria. Nyuma y’igihe gito, Maria yatangiye kubwira abandi ibyerekeye ukuri, kandi bidatinze umukazana we witwa Ingrid n’umuturanyi wa Ingrid witwa Malle na bo batangiye kwiga Bibiliya. Igihe Maria yifuzaga kubwiriza, abasaza bamusabye ko yabanza kujya aza mu materaniro yose y’itorero buri gihe. Icyakora, itorero ryari hafi ye ryari mu mugi wa Pärnu ku birometero 40, kandi ntiyari afite amafaranga yo gutega imodoka. Abamisiyonari bamuteye inkunga asenga Yehova amusaba kumufasha.

Igihe abamisiyonari bari bagarutse kumusura, yababwiye yishimye ati “Yehova yashubije isengesho ryanjye!”

Markku na Sirpa baramubajije bati “yashubije isengesho ryawe ate?”

Maria yabasobanuriye ashishikaye ati “nzajya nteranyiriza abantu mu nzu yanjye, noneho namwe mushyireho gahunda y’amateraniro, hanyuma mushinge itorero hano. Bityo nzashobora kujya mu materaniro yose, kandi ntangire kujya mu murimo wo kubwiriza.”

Abo bamisiyonari ntibifuzaga kumuca intege, ariko bamusobanuriye babigiranye amakenga ko gushinga itorero rishya atari ibintu bipfa gukorwa gutyo gusa. Bamuteye inkunga yo kugerageza kujya mu materaniro i Pärnu, nibura akabanza kujya aterana ku Cyumweru.

Maria yongeye gusenga Imana ayibwira icyo kibazo cyo kujya mu materaniro. Nanone yafashe umwanzuro wo guhagarika ifatabuguzi ry’ikinyamakuru kugira ngo agire amafaranga azigama. Bidatinze, yabonye amafaranga yo kujya ajya mu materaniro incuro enye mu kwezi, kandi yishimiye ko yatangiye kwifatanya mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Ariko hari indi migisha ikomeye kurushaho Maria yabonye.

Kubera ko mu mudugudu wa Tootsi hari abantu benshi bashimishijwe, abasaza bahashyize icyigisho cy’igitabo, kigateranamo Maria, Ingrid, Malle, n’abandi bantu bari bashimishijwe. Hashize amezi make, Maria na Malle barabatijwe, naho Ingrid abatizwa mu mpeshyi yakurikiyeho. Nyuma y’igihe gito umugabo wa Malle na we yarabatijwe, naho murumuna wa Malle abatizwa mu itumba ryakurikiyeho. Abagize iryo tsinda ry’i Tootsi ryakomezaga kugira amajyambere, bishimira ko Inkuru y’Ubwami No. 35 yagejeje ukuri mu mudugudu wabo muto, kandi biboneye ukuntu Yehova yabahaye imigisha asubiza amasengesho yabo menshi.

Mu myaka makumyabiri ishize, umurimo w’Ubwami wageze kuri byinshi, kandi abantu benshi b’imitima itaryarya bakomeje kwisukiranya bagana umuteguro wa Yehova. Ariko se abo bantu bakunda ibyo gukiranuka bari kujya bateranira he kugira ngo basenge Imana y’ukuri kandi bigishwe na yo?

AMAZU Y’UBWAMI YARI AKENEWE MU BURYO BWIHUTIRWA!

Ahantu ha mbere ho guteranira hubatswe, ni mu mugi wa Räpina mu majyepfo ya Esitoniya, kandi hafashije abavandimwe mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi. Ariko byarigaragazaga ko imihati abavandimwe bo muri ako karere bashyiragaho ngo biyubakire itari guhangana n’ukwiyongera kwihuse k’umubare w’ababwiriza. Ibiro by’Ubwubatsi byo ku biro by’ishami byo muri Finilande byarabagobotse, bitangira gukora ibishushanyo mbonera by’Amazu y’Ubwami n’amazu y’ibiro yagombaga kubakwa mu bihugu byo mu karere k’inyanja ya Baltique. Mbega ukuntu byari bishimishije kubona Inzu y’Ubwami ya mbere yubatswe mu mwaka wa 1993 mu mugi wa Maardu, igakurikirwa n’andi menshi yubatswe mu buryo bwihuse!

Kugeza ubu muri Esitoniya hari Amazu y’Ubwami 33 akoreshwa n’amatorero 53. Nanone abavandimwe bishimira ko bafite Amazu y’Amakoraniro abiri, imwe i Tallinn indi i Tartu, yombi akaba yaruzuye mu mwaka wa 1998.

Umuhamya wa kera witwa Alexandra Olesyuk, agira ati “twahoraga twifuza cyane kubaka Inzu y’Ubwami i Tartu. Igihe badusabaga kujya gusiza ikibanza cy’Inzu y’Ubwami, nahageze ndi uwa mbere, nubwo nari mfite imyaka 79! Nakoraga isuku kandi ngatwara ibintu. Buri gihe iyo nageraga aho iyo Nzu y’Ubwami yubakwaga ndi muri bisi, nariraga amarira y’ibyishimo. Nanone nasutse amarira y’ibyishimo igihe iyo nzu yuzuraga.”

IBIRO BISHYA BY’UBUHINDUZI

Uko umubare w’ababwiriza wakomezaga kwiyongera cyane, ni na ko hakenerwaga amazu manini kugira ngo ibyo igihugu cyari gikeneye byitabweho, cyane cyane aho abahinduzi bagombaga gukorera. Babonye inzu yari itaruzura mu mugi wa Tallinn, ku muhanda wa 77 Herzeni (ubu ni ku Muhanda wa Puhangu). Iyo nzu yari ikwiriye nubwo yari ikeneye kuvugururwa.

Ibiro by’ishami byo muri Finilande byatanze igishushanyo mbonera, ibikoresho, amafaranga n’abakozi bo kurangiza uwo mushinga. Bisa naho abavandimwe batari gushobora kubyikorera iyo batabafasha. Urugero, muri icyo gihe ibikoresho by’ubwubatsi byabonekaga byari bidakomeye, cyangwa ntibinaboneke rwose. Nanone, abavandimwe bake gusa bo muri Esitoniya ni bo bari bazi iby’ubwubatsi ku buryo bakora uwo murimo. Icyakora, abavandimwe bagiye batozwa buhoro buhoro, bagenda babimenya. Muri Gashyantare 1994, igice cya mbere cy’inzu y’ibiro cyaruzuye. Muri uwo mwaka, Komite y’Igihugu (igizwe na Toomas Edur, Reino Kesk na Lembit Reile) yashyizweho kugira ngo igenzure umurimo mu bihugu bitatu byo mu karere k’inyanja ya Baltique, ikagenzurwa n’ibiro by’ishami byo muri Finilande. Kubera ko hari hakenewe andi mazu, mu mwaka wa 1997 no mu wa 1999 iyo nzu yaraguwe.

Ikigo gishinzwe gukwirakwiza amazi cyakoreraga mu nzu yegeranye n’amazu ya Beteli, cyashishikajwe n’ubusitani bwa Beteli. Icyo kigo cyemeye guha Beteli amazi ku giciro gito, abavandinwe na bo bakagifasha gutunganya ubusitani bwacyo, uruzitiro n’amatara. Ibyo byatumye inzu y’icyo kigo isigara isa neza neza n’amazu ya Beteli. Nyuma yaho, bagurishije abavandimwe iyo nzu ku giciro cyiza. Iyo nzu bayikoresha bafata amajwi n’amashusho kugira ngo bakore za darame na DVD zikoreshwa mu makoraniro, bagakora na DVD zo mu rurimi rw’amarenga. Ishuri Rihugura Abitangiye Gukora Umurimo na ryo rikorera mu gice cy’iyo nzu cyavuguruwe.

AMAKORANIRO MPUZAMAHANGA YABEREYE MU MUGI WA TALLINN

Mbega ukuntu abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bo muri Esitoniya bishimye cyane bamaze kumenya ko bazakira amakoraniro mpuzamahanga yari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Intumwa z’amahoro y’Imana” yabaye mu mwaka wa 1996! Amakoraniro abiri yabereye mu mugi wa Tallinn yarimo abantu bavugaga ikinyesitoniya n’ikirusiya, hamwe n’abavandimwe bari baturutse muri Lativiya na Lituwaniya. Nanone hatumiwe abandi bavandimwe bo mu bihugu 15. Izo porogaramu ebyiri z’iminsi itatu zabaye muri Kanama. Abavandimwe batanu bo mu Nteko Nyobozi, ari bo Barber, Henschel, Jaracz, Schroeder na Sydlik, bari bahari kugira ngo bakomeze abavandimwe babagezaho disikuru zitera inkunga. Ayo makoraniro yarimo abantu bagera ku 11.311, kandi abantu 501 biyeguriye Imana barabatijwe.

Ayo makoraniro yatanze ubuhamya buhebuje kandi yaravuzwe cyane. Televiziyo yanyujijeho ikiganiro cy’iminota icumi cyavugaga iby’ayo makoraniro. Hari n’umuntu wari ufite radiyo yigenga wacishijeho ikiganiro cyashimagizaga Abahamya ko ari “abantu beza.”

Urukundo rwa kivandimwe rurangwa n’ubwuzu rw’abari muri ayo makoraniro rwigaragazaga cyane igihe ikoraniro ryabaga rirangiye, igihe cyo gusezeranaho kigeze. Abasenga Yehova by’ukuri bagaragaje ibyiyumvo byimbitse bari bafite bazunguza amaboko n’udutambaro kandi barira amarira y’ibyishimo. Amashyi y’urufaya abateranye bose bakomye nyuma y’isengesho risoza, yagaragazaga ukuntu bashimiraga babikuye ku mutima ubuntu n’ineza yuje urukundo Data wo mu ijuru Yehova atugaragariza. Ayo makoraniro ntazibagirana mu mateka y’Abahamya ba Yehova bo muri Esitoniya.

BONGERA KUGIRA IBIRO BY’ISHAMI

Hagati y’umwaka wa 1926 na 1940, hari ibiro byakoreraga mu mugi wa Tallinn. Hanyuma guhera mu mwaka wa 1994, muri Esitoniya hashyizweho Komite y’Igihugu, igenzurwa n’ibiro by’ishami byo muri Finilande. Hari ibintu byinshi byagezweho, kandi benshi bibazaga niba Esitoniya yari kuzongera kugira ishami ryayo. Igisubizo cyabonetse ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1999, igihe Inteko Nyobozi yashyiragaho Toomas Edur, Reino Kesk (ubu ukorera muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo), Lembit Reile na Tommi Kauko ngo babe abagize Komite y’Ishami yo muri Estonia. Muri iki gihe hari abantu bagera kuri 50 bakora ku biro by’ishami, bita ku byo abagaragu ba Yehova bo muri Esitoniya bagera ku 4.300 barangwa n’ishyaka kandi b’indahemuka bakeneye.

BAFITE ICYIZERE CY’IGIHE KIZAZA

Ni iki igihe kizaza gihishiye abagaragu ba Yehova bo muri Esitoniya? Yehova yakomeje kuyobora abagaragu be b’indahemuka no kubakomeza. Koko rero, abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bo muri Esitoniya bakomeje kuba indahemuka mu gihe cy’ibitotezo by’ubutegetsi bw’Abanazi n’Abasoviyeti, biboneye imbaraga za Yehova mu buryo bwihariye kandi butazibagirana. Bo n’abavandimwe babo na bashiki babo bo hirya no hino ku isi, bishimira ko izina rya Yehova rikomeye ryamenyekanye kandi rikezwa, rikagera mu turere twa kure tw’icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti.—Mal 1:11.

Hagati aho ariko, muri Esitoniya haracyari abantu benshi bicisha bugufi kandi bafite imitima itaryarya bifuza kumenya Imana y’ukuri. Umudendezo mu by’idini uriho muri iki gihe, utuma Abahamya ba Yehova batangaza kurusha mbere hose ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bwa Yehova.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 172]

“Mu by’ukuri, nta kintu cy’ingenzi nigeze mbura”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 204]

“Byabaga ari byiza iyo nashyirwaga muri kasho ya jyenyine”

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 168]

Icyo twavuga kuri Esitoniya

Igihugu

Esitoniya, ni igihugu cyiza kandi kidatuwe cyane, gifite amashyamba y’inzitane arimo n’ibiti birebire, kikagira ibiyaga bisaga 1.400, imigezi n’inzuzi bigera ku 7.000 n’ibishanga bidatuwe. Kimwe cya cumi cy’ubuso bwa Esitoniya kigizwe n’ibirwa bisaga 1.500. Igice kinini cy’icyo gihugu kigizwe n’ibibaya biri ku butumburuke butageze kuri metero 50. Mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba hari akarere keza cyane.

Abaturage

Mu moko atuye icyo gihugu, Abanyesitoniya ni 68 ku ijana, Abarusiya ni 26 ku ijana, naho abasigaye biganjemo abakomoka muri Ukerene, muri Belarusi no muri Finilande. Mu madini ahari harimo Abaluteriyani, Aborutodogisi n’andi madini yiyita aya gikristo, Abisilamu n’Abayahudi. Abenshi mu baturage baho nta dini bagira cyangwa bakaba bari mu madini atazwi.

Indimi

Ikinyesitoniya ni rwo rurimi rukoreshwa mu butegetsi. Urwo rurimi rufitanye isano n’igifinwa n’igihongiriya. Abavuga ikirusiya basaga kimwe cya kane cy’abatuye icyo gihugu.

Ibyokurya

Bakunda kurya Leib (umugati wirabura), ibirayi, amadegede banyujije muri vinegeri, salade ya beterave n’amashu asharira. Nanone barya sült (inyama z’imitavu), rosolje (ifi ivanze na beterave), isupu y’ibihumyo byo mu gasozi, inyama z’ingurube, ifi n’inyama z’imiranzi. Iyo bamaze kurya, barenzaho kringel (umugati uryohereye uriho imizabibu n’imbuto zimeze nk’ubunyobwa) na kerepe.

Ikirere cyaho

Mu mpeshyi ntihaba hashyushye cyane kandi mu gihe cy’imbeho ntihaba hakonje cyane. Umunsi muremure kurusha iyindi wo mu mpeshyi ugira amasaha 19, naho umunsi mugufi kurusha iyindi wo mu gihe cy’imbeho ukagira amasaha 6 gusa. Nubwo ku nkengero yo mu burengerazuba bw’amajyepfo haba hari agashyuhe gashimishije mu mpeshyi, mu gihe cy’imbeho ubukonje bwaho bushobora kumanuka bukagera kuri dogere 20 munsi ya zeru.

[Agasanduku/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 183 n’iya 184]

“Twari tumeze nk’umuryango umwe”

ADOLF KOSE

YAVUTSE 1920

ABATIZWA 1944

APFA 2004

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yabaye muri gereza yo muri Siberiya kuva mu mwaka wa 1951 kugeza mu wa 1956. Yagize uruhare mu gushyira umurimo wo kubwiriza kuri gahunda mu bihugu byo mu burasirazuba bw’inyanja ya Baltique no mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti.

◼ ADOLF yagize ati “nafashwe mu mwaka wa 1950 njyanwa mu kigo cyakorerwagamo imirimo y’agahato cyari mu mugi wa Inta muri Siberiya. Namaze umwaka n’igice nta gakuru k’umugore wanjye n’abakobwa banjye babiri bari baraciriwe mu kandi gace ka Siberiya.

“Abavandimwe bari bunze ubumwe cyane. Twari tumeze nk’umuryango umwe. Twasangiraga ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka n’ibyo mu buryo bw’umubiri.

“Tumaze kugaruka muri Esitoniya twahuye n’ingorane nyinshi. Twari kubigenza dute kugira ngo dushyikirane n’umuteguro ari wo ‘Mama’? Twari gukora iki kugira ngo dukomeze kunga ubumwe kandi dukomeze gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza?

“Nifuzaga kwiga igifinwa kugira ngo mbashe gushyikirana neza n’abazanaga ubutumwa. Kwiga urwo rurimi ntibyari byoroshye nk’uko nabitekerezaga, kuko nta bitabo by’ikibonezamvugo cyangwa inkoranya byagurishwaga.

“Gutunga imashini yandika bitazwi n’ubutegetsi cyari icyaha gikomeye. Kugira ibikoresho byo gucapa byo byari ibindi bindi. Umuntu wese wacapaga ibitabo bitemewe n’amategeko yashoboraga gufungwa imyaka irindwi. Nanone ntibyari byoroshye kubera ko ibikoresho bikoreshwa mu gucapa byasaga naho nta bihari. Nagerageje uburyo bwinshi nifashishije ibikoresho nashoboraga kubona ariko sinagira icyo ngeraho. Amaherezo naje kuvumbura uburyo bwo gucapa. Nabanje gukora imashini icapa (reba hasi aha). Nyuma yaho nandikishaga imashini ku bitambaro by’imyenda twabaga twakoze. Iyo mashini yandikaga ku gitambaro itobora utwenge. Wino twakoresheje ducapa ibitabo bya mbere yari ikozwe mu murayi uvanze na godoro. Mu gihe cyo kwandika, twashyiraga kuri cya gitambaro wino twikoreye maze igacengera muri twa twenge, inyuguti zikiyandika ku rupapuro rwabaga ruri munsi. Uwo murimo wari ugoye, utwara igihe kandi wangiza ubuzima bitewe n’umwuka wavaga muri iyo wino n’ibindi bintu byo mu rwego rwa shimi byabaga biteje akaga. Ntitwashoboraga kwinjiza umwuka mwiza mu byumba twakoreragamo kuko amadirishya yabaga afunze neza kugira ngo hatagira umuntu n’umwe umenya ibyo dukora.”

Muri ibyo bihe bigoye, Adolf yakomeje gukurikiza ubuyobozi yahabwaga n’umuteguro, buri gihe yiringiye adashidikanya ko Yehova yari gushyira ibintu mu buryo mu gihe gikwiriye. Yakomeje gukorera Yehova ashikamye kandi afite ukwizera kugeza igihe yapfiriye mu mwaka wa 2004.

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 186]

Ibaruwa yandikiwe Staline

Muri Kamena 1949, abavandimwe bari bafite inshingano muri Esitoniya bagize ubutwari boherereza amabaruwa abategetsi b’i Mosiku. Imwe yohererejwe Joseph Staline, indi yohererezwa Nikolay Shvernik, umukuru wa Komite Nshingwabikorwa y’Inama Nkuru y’Abasoviyeti Ishyiraho Amategeko.

Muri ayo mabaruwa, abavandimwe basabaga ko Abahamya ba Yehova bafunzwe bahita bafungurwa, kandi ibikorwa byo gutoteza Abahamya bigahagarara. Nanone ayo mabaruwa yarimo umuburo utajenjetse, ugereranya abo bategetsi na Farawo wo muri Egiputa wanze ko Abisirayeli bakorera Yehova mu mudendezo (Kuva 5:1-4). Abo bavandimwe bavuganye ubushizi bw’amanga bagira bati “umuteguro wa Yehova Imana . . . ugomba gukurirwaho inzitizi zose, ugahabwa uburenganzira bwo kugeza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bwa Yehova ku baturage bose ba Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Nibitaba ibyo, Yehova azarimbura Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti n’Ishyaka rya Gikomunisiti.”

Umuvandimwe Kose yagize ati “twasanze ari ubutumwa bwashoboraga guteza akaga maze twanga gushyira ayo mabaruwa mu iposita yo mu mugi wa Tallin kuko bashoboraga kutuvumbura. Ibyo byatumye tuyashyira mu iposita y’i Leningrad (St. Petersburg).”

Ntituzi niba Staline yarasomye iyo baruwa cyangwa niba atarayisomye, icyo tuzi ni uko abategetsi bayibonye kandi bagakurikirana ibyayo. Igihe abavandimwe bahatwaga ibibazo baberetse kopi y’iyo baruwa, yarongereweho amagambo agira ati “iri dini rigomba guseswa.” Nyuma yaho gato abandi bavandimwe barafashwe kandi ibitotezo bikaza umurego. Ibaruwa yohererejwe Shvernik yabonetse mu madosiye y’igihugu iriho kashe ya guverinoma.

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 189]

KGB n’Abahamya ba Yehova

Mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1940, abapolisi b’abamaneko bakoze uko bashoboye kose kugira ngo batahure uko Abahamya ba Yehova bakoraga. Hari abantu bigize nk’aho bashimishijwe n’ukuri kugira ngo babone amakuru yo guha KGB. Imbonerahamwe iri hasi aha yabonetse i Tallinn mu madosiye ya guverinoma, igaragaza ko nta cyo KGB yari iyobewe. Iriho amazina y’abavandimwe bari bagize Komite y’Umurimo, abagenzuraga umurimo mu migi ikomeye ya Esitoniya n’abakoraga umurimo wo gucapa.

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 191]

Ntiyigeze acecekeshwa n’abamurwanyaga

ELLA TOOM

YAVUTSE 1926

ABATIZWA 1946

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 13, ariko afungurwa nyuma y’imyaka 5 n’amezi 6.

◼ ELLA yagize ati “abayobozi bamfungiye muri kasho ya jyenyine maramo iminsi itatu. Bashakaga ko nihakana ukwizera kwanjye kugira ngo ntongera kugira uwo mbwira iby’Ubwami bw’Imana cyangwa ngo nanjye ubwanjye nkomeze kubwiringira. Barambwiye bati ‘tugiye gusibanganya burundu izina rya Yehova muri Esitoniya. Turakujyana mu kigo gikoranyirizwamo imfungwa naho abandi tubimurire muri Siberiya.’ Bambwiye banyishongoraho bati ‘uwo Yehova wawe ari he se ra?’ Nanze kuba umugambanyi. Ibyiza byari ukujya mu kigo gikoranyirizwamo imfungwa ndi kumwe n’Imana yanjye aho kuguma iwanjye ntari kumwe na yo. Igihe nari muri gereza sinigeze numva ko mfunzwe. Buri gihe numvaga ko ari Yehova unyoherejeyo kugira ngo mbwirize muri iyo fasi nshya.

“Mu kigo kimwe, hari umuntu ushimishijwe twajyanaga gutembera buri munsi. Igihe kimwe, twafashe umwanzuro wo kutajyayo. Nyuma yaho naje kumenya ko uwo munsi abanyamadini bari biyemeje kundoha mu mugezi banziza umurimo wo kubwiriza nakoraga.” Ella ntiyigeze acecekeshwa n’abamurwanyaga. Ubu aracyakorera Yehova mu budahemuka ari umupayiniya w’igihe cyose.d

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 193]

“Yehova, ibyo ushaka bikorwe”

LEMBIT TOOM

YAVUTSE 1924

ABATIZWA 1944

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yari muri Esitoniya igihe Abadage bayigaruriraga, naho kuva mu mwaka wa 1951 kugeza mu wa 1956 yari mu kigo cyakorerwagamo imirimo y’agahato muri Siberiya.

◼ LEMBIT ni umwe mu basore b’Abahamya ba Yehova banze kujya mu ngabo z’Abadage bakajya kwihisha. Ijoro rimwe abapolisi baje gusaka inzu Lembit yabagamo. Hari abantu bari bababwiye ko muri iyo nzu hari hihishe umuntu badashira amakenga. Lembit yahise ahisha uburiri bwe maze asesera mu mwobo wari hasi mu nzu akambakamba, yambaye akenda yararanye. Yumvaga imirindi y’inkweto z’abapolisi bagendagendaga hejuru ye.

Umupolisi yashyize pisitori ku mutwe wa nyir’iyo nzu aramubwira ati “hari umuntu wihishe muri iyi nzu sha! Ngaho tubwire uko twagera mu mwobo uri hasi aha.” Nyir’inzu yararuciye ararumira.

Umupolisi yamubwiye amukankamira cyane ati “umuntu wihishemo nadasohoka, ndaterayo gerenade!”

Lembit yabonye urumuri rw’itoroshi igihe bageragezaga kureba aho ari. Nta kindi yashoboraga gukora uretse gusenga ati “Yehova, ibyo ushaka bikorwe.”

Lembit agira ati “nari mfite ubwoba bwinshi nsa n’aho ntagishoboye kwihangana, nuko ndakambakamba nimukira ahandi nsa n’uwiteguye kuvamo.”

Yakomeje kuryama atuje, hashize iminota mike igitima kidiha wa mupolisi aba aragiye. Lembit yagumye aho yari ari, amara hafi isaha agira ngo yumve niba abapolisi batari bugaruke. Yavuye muri iyo nzu umuseke utaratambika ajya kwihisha ahandi hantu.

Abasoviyeti bamaze kwigarurira Esitoniya, Lembit yahuye n’ibindi bigeragezo. Agira ati “nakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka icumi nkora mu kigo cyakorerwagamo imirimo y’agahato cy’i Noril’sk muri Siberiya, kiri ku birometero 8.000 uvuye muri Esitoniya. Ngezeyo, nakoze akazi kavunanye mu kirombe kirangaye bacukuragamo ibuye ry’agaciro ryitwa Nickel. Muri icyo kigo, twabagaho nabi cyane kandi tugakora akazi k’injyanamuntu. Muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti, mu karere k’impera y’isi ya ruguru haba hakonje cyane mu gihe cy’imbeho. Ubukonje bushobora kumanuka bukagera kuri dogere 30 munsi ya zeru, cyangwa munsi yazo. Mu gihe cy’imbeho, hashira amezi abiri izuba ritarashe.”

Lembit yafunguwe amaze imyaka itanu akoreshwa imirimo y’agahato, maze mu mwaka wa 1957 ashyingiranwa na Ella Kikas. Lembit yamaze imyaka myinshi afasha mu guhindura ibitabo no kubicapa. Lembit ni umusaza wishyira mu mwanya w’abandi kandi urangwa n’urukundo. Buri gihe aba afite umurongo w’Ibyanditswe yakoresha atera abandi inkunga.e

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Ifoto]

Lembit na Ella Toom

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 199]

“Uyu ni we nyoko”

KARIN REILE

YAVUTSE 1950

ABATIZWA 1965

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yavukiye muri gereza maze bamwaka nyina bamushyira nyirakuru kugira ngo abe ari we umurera.

◼ KARIN agira ati “navutse mama witwaga Maimu ari muri gereza azira imirimo yakoraga yo mu rwego rwa politiki. Nari agahinja k’amagara make, maze ndwara umusonga ufata ibihaha byombi bitewe n’imbeho yo muri gereza. Icyakora naje gukira mbikesheje indi mfungwa yitwaga Laine Prööm, waje kumenya ukuri nyuma yaho.

“Icyo gihe impinja nyinshi zavukiraga muri gereza zoherezwaga mu bigo by’imfubyi byari hirya no hino muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti kugira ngo zitazamenya ababyeyi bazo. Ku bw’amahirwe nahawe nyogokuru. Mama yoherejwe muri gereza y’i Mordvinia, agezeyo ahura na mushiki wacu wagiraga ishyaka witwa Ella Toom. Mama yemeye ukuri abatirizwa muri iyo gereza.

“Namaze imyaka itanu nderwa na nyogokuru. Umunsi umwe, hari umugore ntari nzi waje iwacu. Nyogokuru yarambwiye ati ‘uyu ni we nyoko.’ Byambereye urujijo kandi binsaba igihe kinini kugira ngo nshobore kubyiyumvisha.” Igishimishije ni uko Karin na nyirakuru na bo bemeye ukuri.

Nyuma yaho Karin yize icyongereza atangira gufasha mu murimo wo guhindura ibitabo byacu. Yashyingiranywe na Lembit Reile none ubu bombi bakora ku biro by’ishami byo muri Esitoniya.

[Agasanduku/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 201]

Izina ry’Imana muri Bibiliya y’ikinyesitoniya

Mu mwaka wa 1686, Ibyanditswe bya kigiriki byahinduwe mu rurimi rushamikiye ku kinyesitoniya ruvugwa mu majyepfo y’icyo gihugu, naho mu mwaka wa 1715 bihindurwa mu rurimi rushamikiye ku kinyesitoniya ruvugwa mu majyaruguru. Bibiliya yuzuye, Piibli Ramat, yacapwe mu wa 1739, ihita igera kuri rubanda rwa giseseka. Yari Bibiliya itangaje cyane kubera ko yakoreshaga izina ry’Imana ari ryo Yehova, aho riboneka hose mu Byanditswe bya giheburayo, kandi ibyo bikaba byarakomeje mu binyejana byakurikiyeho. Bibiliya yo mu kinyesitoniya yasohotse mu mwaka wa 1988, ikoresha izina ry’Imana incuro 6.867 mu Byanditswe bya giheburayo. Ibyo byatumye Abanyesitoniya benshi bamenya ko izina ry’Imana ari Yehova.

Mu ikoraniro ry’intara ry’Abahamya ba Yehova ryabereye i Tartu muri Esitoniya, habaye ikintu kitazibagirana. Ku itariki ya 3 Nyakanga 2009, umuvandimwe Guy Pierce wo mu Nteko Nyobozi yatangaje ko hasohotse Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’Isi Nshya bw’Ibyanditswe bya kigiriki bya gikristo mu rurimi rw’ikinyesitoniya.

[Agasanduku/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 202]

Ibitabo byandikishijwe intoki

HELMI LEEK

YAVUTSE 1908

ABATIZWA 1945

APFA 1998

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yarafunzwe kandi yoherezwa muri Siberiya.

◼ HELMI yafashwe igihe bafataga Abahamya ba Yehova maze yimurirwa muri Siberiya. Agezeyo, yakoze agasakoshi yatwaragamo agatabo yakoze. Yafumye kuri ako gasakoshi umurongo w’Ibyanditswe uhumuriza wo mu Baroma 8:35 hagira hati “ni nde uzadutandukanya n’urukundo rwa Kristo? Mbese ni imibabaro cyangwa amakuba cyangwa gutotezwa cyangwa inzara cyangwa kwambara ubusa cyangwa akaga cyangwa inkota?”

Helmi yaje gutoragura udupapuro tujya gusa na kaki maze adukoramo agatabo. Yanditsemo ibitekerezo bitera inkunga bishingiye kuri Bibiliya. Abavandimwe benshi bandukuraga ibitabo n’intoki kubera ko icyo gihe nta bitabo bicapye byinshi byari bihari.

Igihe Helmi yari agarutse avuye muri Siberiya, yabwiye abayobozi ati “ndabashimira ko mwanjyanye kureba imisozi myiza yo muri Siberiya. Sinari kuzigera mbona amafaranga angezayo.”

[Agasanduku/​Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 209 n’iya 210]

Yagaragaje umuco wo kwigomwa

FANNY HIETALA

YAVUTSE 1900

ABATIZWA 1925

APFA 1995

ICYO TWAMUVUGAHO: Yagiye muri Esitoniya mu mwaka wa 1930, aba umupayiniya kandi arera umwana w’imfubyi wari Umuhamya.

◼ FANNY yabatirijwe muri Finilande mu mwaka wa 1925, hashize imyaka ibiri atangira gukora umurimo w’igihe cyose. Mu ikoraniro ryabereye i Helsinki, yahuye na William Dey wari umugenzuzi w’ibiro bishinzwe Amajyaruguru y’Uburayi. Nubwo batavugaga ururimi rumwe, umuvandimwe Dey yasubiragamo kenshi ijambo “Esitoniya.” Fanny yamenye ko Dey yamuteraga inkunga yo kujya aho ubufasha bwari bukenewe kurusha ahandi, maze we n’abandi bapayiniya bimukira muri Esitoniya mu mwaka wa 1930. Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, yakoresheje neza igare rye ajya kubwiriza mu turere dutandukanye two muri Esitoniya, harimo n’ikirwa cya Sarema.

Fanny ntiyigeze ashaka. Icyakora yareze umukobwa witwa Ester wari warapfushije ababyeyi be afite imyaka umunani. Se wa Ester yari Umuhamya. Ester amaze gukura yabaye Umuhamya kubera ko Fanny yari yaramwitayeho mu buryo bwuje urukundo.

Igihe Abakomunisiti bafataga ubutegetsi maze ibitotezo bigatangira, Fanny yashoboraga gusubira muri Finilande. Icyakora yagaragaje umuco wo kwigomwa agumana n’itsinda rito ry’ababwiriza bo muri ako karere. Uwo mwanzuro yafashe wo kuhaguma watumye ahura n’ingorane nyinshi kandi abaho nabi, ariko we ntiyaciriwe muri Siberiya bitewe n’uko yari afite ubwenegihugu bwo muri Finilande.

Mu myaka ya 1950, Fanny yari umwe mu Bahamya batwaraga ubutumwa bakuraga muri Finilande amabaruwa n’ibitabo byabaga biri buryo bwa elegitoroniki bakabizana muri Esitoniya. Yagiraga umwete n’amakenga ku buryo no mu bihe bigoye cyane atigeze afatwa. Urugero, hari igihe yagiye mu busitani bw’i Leningrad (St. Petersburg) gufata ipaki y’ibitabo byari mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki, byari bizanywe n’umuvandimwe wo muri Finilande. Fanny na we yagombaga guhita aha iyo paki abavandimwe babiri bo muri Esitoniya. Icyakora, abo bavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya bari babonye ko hari abapolisi b’abamaneko babakurikiye, maze bashakisha ukuntu bakwigendera Fanny atabarabutswe. Fanny na wa muvandimwe wo muri Finilande bagiye berekeza aho ba bavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya bari. Iyo Fanny aza kubasuhuza cyangwa akagerageza kubaha ya paki, abo bapolisi bari kumenya ko bafite ibyo baziranyeho. Igitangaje ni uko Fanny yabanyuzeho akitambukira nk’aho atabazi. Amaherezo baje kumenya ko atari yababonye nubwo yari asanzwe abazi neza. Ibyo byatumye abapolisi b’abamaneko badashobora gutahura abazanaga inzandiko, kandi nyuma yaho ya paki yaje gutangwa nta kibazo. Kuba Fanny yaragize uruhare mu guhuza abavandimwe byatumye ibyokurya byo mu buryo bw’umwuka bikomeza gutangwa buri gihe, kandi igishimishije ni uko nta gitabo na kimwe mu byoherezwaga mu buryo bwa elegitoroniki cyigeze gifatwa.

Uwo mushiki wacu warangwaga n’ibyishimo yamaze imyaka 70 akorera Yehova ari indahemuka kugeza igihe yapfiriye akiba muri Esitoniya, afite imyaka 95.

[Ifoto]

Igihe nari najyanye ubutumwa i Leningrad mu mwaka wa 1966

[Agasanduku/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 213]

Bazabasebya

Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be ati “muzishime abantu nibabatuka, bakabatoteza kandi bakababeshyera ibibi by’uburyo bwose babampora” (Mat 5:11). Abahamya ba Yehova bakunze guharabikwa nk’uko Shebuja yari yarabivuze. Abantu bagiye bashinja ibinyoma Abahamya ba Yehova, bavuga ko bivanga muri politiki no mu bikorwa bigamije guhirika ubutegetsi, kandi ko ari intasi. Cyane cyane mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1950 no mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1960, ibinyamakuru byavugaga ko umurimo wacu uyoborwa na guverinoma ya Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika kandi ko dukoreshwa n’abaherwe bo muri Amerika.

Mu mwaka wa 1964 Silver Silliksaar yanze kujya mu gisirikare maze bamushinja ko agambanira igihugu cyamubyaye, bamukatira igihano cyo gufungwa. Nanone bakoze agafilimi kagufi kagaragaza uko urubanza rwe rwagenze, bakuzuzamo poropagande ya gikomunisiti hanyuma bakajya bakerekana mu mazu yose yerekanirwagamo filimi yari hirya no hino muri Esitoniya. Abavandimwe banze kujya mu gisirikare hafi ya bose bafunzwe imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu. Umuvandimwe Jüri Schönberg, Taavi Kuusk na Artur Mikit bafunzwe incuro ebyiri. Mikit we yafunzwe imyaka 5 n’igice.

[Ifoto]

Silver Silliksaar acirwa urubanza azira ukwizera kwe

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 226]

Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi ryabaga mu ibanga

Igihe umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe, abavandimwe ntibabaga bizeye ko bari gukomeza gutunga ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya cyangwa se na Bibiliya ubwayo. Bityo, uretse kuba baragiraga ahantu henshi bahishaga ibyo bitabo, banageragezaga gufata mu mutwe imirongo myinshi ya Bibiliya uko bishoboka kose.

Bakoreshaga amateraniro mbonezamubano kugira ngo baganire ku mirongo yo muri Bibiliya kandi bayifate mu mutwe. Muri ayo materaniro, bamwe bakoraga udukarita duto tuzabafasha kwibuka. Ku ruhande rumwe bandikagaho igice n’umurongo wa Bibiliya, wenda nka Matayo 24:14, cyangwa bakandikaho ikibazo cyangwa izina ry’igitabo cya Bibiliya. Ku rundi ruhande bandukuragaho uwo murongo cyangwa igisubizo cy’ikibazo.

Abavandimwe bakoreshaga ibitabo by’umuteguro byose bashoboraga kubona kugira ngo bayobore amateraniro. Urugero, Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi ryari rigizwe n’amasomo ya buri cyumweru, imikoro, ibibazo basubizaga mu mutwe, ndetse n’ibizamini. Bakoraga isubiramo nyuma y’amezi atatu, mu rugaryi hakaba ikizamini cya nyuma.

Umwe mu bigaga muri iryo shuri agira ati “mu mikoro baduhaga buri cyumweru harimo gufata mu mutwe imirongo itanu ya Bibiliya, tukazayivuga mu mutwe mu ishuri rikurikiraho. Nibuka ikizamini cya nyuma twakoze mu mwaka wa 1988. Hari agakarita k’ikizamini kari kanditseho ngo ‘vuga mu mutwe imirongo 100 ya Bibiliya.’ Nubwo umuntu yakumva bisa n’ibitangaje, buri wese yumvaga yifuza gusubiza ikibazo cyari kuri ako gakarita. Iyo mikoro yadufashaga cyane mu murimo wo kubwiriza, kubera ko atari ko buri gihe twashoboraga gukoresha Bibiliya ku mugaragaro.” Mu mwaka wa 1990, amatorero yo muri Esitoniya yishimiye ko noneho yashoboye kugira Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi nk’abandi bavandimwe bo hirya no hino ku isi.

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 236 n’iya 237]

“Umurimo wo kubwiriza wari ushimishije cyane”

Bamwe mu bamisiyonari baragira icyo batubwira ku byo babonye igihe bakoreraga umurimo muri Esitoniya:

Markku na Sirpa Kettula: “Ifasi twahawe yasaga naho itari yarigeze ibwirizwamo. Umurimo wo kubwiriza wari ushishikaje cyane kuko abantu bari bashimishijwe cyane no kwiga Bibiliya. Twageze i Pärnu hari ababwiriza bagera kuri 30, none ubu hari amatorero atatu.”

Vesa na Leena-Maria Edvik: “Mu maduka ntiharimo ibintu byinshi umuntu yagura. Bityo, aho kugira ngo abantu bajye guhaha, babaga bafite igihe gihagije cyo kuganira kuri Bibiliya. Iyo twabaga tubwiriza mu muhanda, abantu batondaga umurongo bashaka ibitabo!”

Esa na Jaael Nissinen: “Hari byinshi wakwigira ku bandi. Twagize umugisha wo kumenyana na benshi mu bakomeje kuba indahemuka mu gihe cy’ibitotezo bikaze.”

Anne na Ilkka Leinonen: “Uko bwije n’uko bukeye, icyumweru kigahita ikindi kigataha, mu mafasi yose twahuraga n’abantu batari barigeze bumva ubutumwa bwa Bibiliya. Twatangiraga kubwiriza kare mu gitondo kugeza ijoro riguye, kandi mu by’ukuri twishimiraga kubona ukwiyongera kwihuse kwabagaho. Ntitwatekerezaga ko mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya 20 twari kugira imigisha yo kwibonera uko kwiyongera. Ntituzibagirwa iyo myaka yo hambere.”

Richard na Rachel Irgens: “Abantu barangwaga n’urugwiro cyane, kandi umurimo wo kubwiriza wari ushimishije cyane. Twajyaga kubwiriza mu midugudu yo ku kiyaga cya Peipus. Ntibyari ngombwa ko twitwaza impamba kubera ko abantu badutumiraga bakatugaburira. Twabonye ko amabwiriza ya Yesu yanditswe muri Matayo 10:9, 10 ashobora gukurikizwa no muri iki gihe. Kuba muri Esitoniya byatwigishije ko tugomba kwibanda ku bintu by’ingenzi, ntiturangazwe n’ibintu bitari iby’ingenzi cyane.”

[Amafoto]

Markku na Sirpa Kettula

Vesa na Leena-Maria Edvik

Esa na Jaael Nissinen

Anne na Ilkka Leinonen

Richard na Rachel Irgens

[Imbonerahamwe/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 244]

AMATEKA YA​—Esitoniya

1920

1923 Martin Kose asubira muri Esitoniya kubwiriza.

1926 Ibiro by’ishami bitangira gukorera mu mugi wa Tallinn.

Abakoruporuteri bo mu bindi bihugu baza gufasha mu murimo wo kubwiriza.

1928 Ikoraniro rya mbere ribera ku biro by’ishami.

1930

1933 Umuryango Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society uhabwa ubuzima gatozi.

1940

1940 Abavandimwe bo muri Esitoniya bagize ikoraniro rya nyuma bateranye mu mudendezo, bamara imyaka 50 nta rindi nk’iryo barongera kugira.

1948 Abahamya bamwe bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti bafungwa abandi bakoherezwa mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa.

1949 Abahamya bandikiye Staline amabaruwa bamubwira akarengane kabo.

1950

1951 Abahamya bagera hafi kuri 300 na bene wabo benshi baciriwe muri Siberiya.

1953 Staline apfa; Abahamya batangira gufungurwa.

1960

1970

1972 Itorero rya mbere ryakoreshaga ikirusiya rishingwa.

1980

1990

1991 Ibiro by’ubuhinduzi bitangira gukorera mu mugi wa Tartu.

Abahamya ba Yehova bahabwa umudendezo mu by’idini.

Ikoraniro rya mbere ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti ribera mu mugi wa Tallinn.

1992 Abamisiyonari ba mbere bize mu ishuri rya Gileyadi bahagera.

1993 Inzu y’Ubwami ya mbere muri Esitoniya yubakwa.

1994 Ibiro by’ubuhinduzi bitangira gukorera mu mugi wa Tallinn.

1998 Amazu y’Amakoraniro yubakwa mu mugi wa Tallinn na Tartu.

1999 Esitoniya yongera kuba ishami.

2000

2000 Ishuri rya mbere ry’Abitangiye Gukora Umurimo ritangira.

2009 Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya by’Ibyanditswe bya kigiriki isohoka mu kinyesitoniya.

2010

[Imbonerahamwe/​Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 246]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

Umubare w’ababwiriza bose

Umubare w’abapayiniya bose

4,000

2,000

1990 2000 2010

[Amakarita yo ku ipaji ya 169]

(Niba wifuza kureba uko bimeze, reba mu gitabo)

FINILANDE

HELSINKI

Ikigobe cya Finilande

U BURUSIYA

St. Petersburg

LATIVIYA

RIGA

ESITONIYA

TALLINN

Narva

Maardu

Tapa

Vormsi

Pärnu

Ikiyaga cya Võrtsjärv

Tartu

Räpina

Võru

Hiiumaa

Sarema

Ikigobe cya Riga

Ikiyaga cya Peipus

Ikiyaga cya Pskov

[Ifoto yuzuye ipaji ya 162]

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 165]

Hugo na Martin Kose

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 166]

Albert West

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 167]

Ibiro by’ishami bya mbere byakoreraga muri iyi nzu

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 167]

Alexander na Hilda Brydson mu myaka ya 1930

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 170]

Jenny Fel na Irja Mäkelä, abapayiniya ba mbere baje baturutse muri Finilande

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 174]

Mu mwaka wa 1932 ibiro by’ishami byimuriwe i Tallinn, ku muhanda wa 72 Suur Tartu

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 175]

Kaarlo Harteva atanga ikiganiro kuri radiyo

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 177]

John North n’“igare” rye

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 178]

Nikolai Tuiman

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 179]

Abapolisi bafatiriye ibitabo byinshi

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 181]

Ikoraniro rya nyuma ryabaye mu mudendezo mu mwaka wa 1940, mbere y’uko Abasoviyeti bigarurira Esitoniya

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 188]

Abavandimwe bari bagize Komite y’Umurimo: Kruus, Talberg, Indus na Toom

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 200]

Maimu na Lembit Trell mu wa 1957

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 212]

Ene na mukuru we Corinna

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 218]

Ubukwe bwa Heimar na Elvi Tuiman bwari ikoraniro ryamaze iminsi ibiri

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 227]

Toomas na Elizabeth Edur

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 228 n’iya 229]

Amakoraniro atazibagirana

Bakira abantu baje mu ikoraniro ry’intara ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ururimi rutunganye,” ryabereye i Helsinki muri Finilande mu mwaka wa 1990

Ikoraniryo ry’intara ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abakunda umudendezo,” ryabereye i Tallinn muri Esitoniya mu mwaka wa 1991

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 238]

Ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryabereye i St. Petersburg mu Burusiya mu mwaka wa 1992

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 241]

Lauri na Jelena Nordling

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 243]

Reino na Lesli Kesk

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 247]

Yuri na Viktor

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 251]

Inzu y’Ubwami y’i Maardu n’Inzu y’Amakoraniro y’i Tartu

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 254]

Ibiro by’Ishami muri Esitoniya

Abagize Komite y’Ibiro by’Ishami, uturutse ibumoso ujya iburyo: Tommi Kauko, Toomas Edur na Lembit Reile