Uko Bibiliya yarwanyijwe

INYANDIKO zahurijwe hamwe zikavamo Ibyanditswe Byera cyangwa Bibiliya nk’uko tuyizi ubu, zanditswe mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga 1.600. Ibitabo byayo bya mbere byanditswe na Mose, icya nyuma cyandikwa n’umwigishwa wa Yesu Kristo, nyuma y’imyaka igera ku ijana Yesu avutse.

Ibikorwa byo kubuza abantu gusoma Ibyanditswe byatangiye mbere ya Yesu, birakomeza hagati y’ikinyejana cya gatanu n’icya cumi na gatanu, bigera no muri iki gihe. Ibyo bikorwa byatangiye kera mu gihe cy’umuhanuzi w’Imana witwaga Yeremiya, wabayeho imyaka 600 mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu Kristo.

Ubutumwa butashimishaga abantu bwararwanyijwe

Imana yafashije umuhanuzi Yeremiya, maze yandika mu muzingo ubutumwa buciraho iteka abaturage b’i Buyuda bari abanyabyaha, kandi baburirwa ko umurwa mukuru wabo ari wo Yerusalemu wari kuzarimbuka, iyo baramuka batihannye. Baruki wari umwanditsi wa Yeremiya, yasomye ubwo butumwa mu ijwi riranguruye, abusomera mu rusengero rw’i Yerusalemu mu ruhame. Ku ncuro ya kabiri yabusomeye abatware b’i Buyuda, maze bafata uwo muzingo bawushyira Umwami Yehoyakimu. Umwami yumvise ayo magambo y’Imana ntiyamushimisha, maze acagagura uwo muzingo arawutwika.—Yeremiya 36:1-23.

Nyuma yaho, Imana yategetse Yeremiya iti “ongera ushake undi muzingo wandikemo amagambo ya mbere yose yari mu muzingo wa mbere, uwo Yehoyakimu umwami w’u Buyuda yatwitse” (Yeremiya 36:28). Nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri 17, Yerusalemu yararimbutse nk’uko Imana yari yarabivuze binyuze kuri Yeremiya, abenshi mu bategetsi bayo baricwa kandi abaturage baho bajyanwa mu bunyage i Babuloni. Ubutumwa bwari muri uwo muzingo, hamwe n’inkuru y’ibyabaye igihe bwarwanywaga, biracyariho no muri iki gihe, bikaba biboneka mu gitabo cya Bibiliya cya Yeremiya.

Uko yongeye gutwikwa

Yehoyakimu si we wenyine wagerageje gutwika Ijambo ry’Imana mbere y’Ubukristo. Ubwami bw’u Bugiriki bumaze kwigabanyamo ibice, Abisirayeli batangiye gutegekwa n’ubwami bw’Abaseluside. Umwami w’Abaseluside witwaga Antiochus Épiphane, wategetse kuva mu mwaka wa 175 kugeza mu wa 164 Mbere ya Yesu, yashakaga ko ubwami bwe bwose bwunga ubumwe bukagendera ku muco w’Abagiriki. Kugira ngo abigereho, yagerageje guhatira Abayahudi gukurikiza imibereho y’Abagiriki, imigenzo yabo n’idini ryabo.

Ahagana mu mwaka wa 168 Mbere ya Yesu, Antiochus yasahuye urusengero rwa Yehova rwari i Yerusalemu. Hejuru y’igicaniro cyari aho, yubatseho ikindi cy’imana y’Abagiriki yitwaga Zewu. Nanone Antiochus yabujije abantu kuziririza Isabato, kandi ategeka Abayahudi kutongera gukeba abana babo b’abahungu. Uwarengaga kuri ayo mategeko yaricwaga.

Bumwe mu buryo Antiochus yakoresheje kugira ngo avaneho idini ry’Abayahudi, ni ukuzimangatanya imizingo yose y’Amategeko. Nubwo Antiochus yakoze uko ashoboye kugira ngo atwike imizingo yose y’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo yari muri Isirayeli, ntiyabigezeho. Imwe mu mizingo yo muri Isirayeli yahishwe kure, bituma idatwikwa. Indi mizingo y’Ibyanditswe Byera yahishwe n’Abayahudi bari batuye mu bindi bihugu.

Iteka ryaciwe na Dioclétien

Undi mutegetsi ukomeye wagerageje guca burundu Ibyanditswe, ni umwami w’abami w’Umuroma witwaga Dioclétien. Mu mwaka wa 303, yagiye ashyiraho amategeko yakagatizaga Abakristo. Ibyo byatumye havuka icyo bamwe mu bahanga mu by’amateka bise “Itotezwa rikomeye.” Itegeko rya mbere ryavugaga ko inyandiko z’Ibyanditswe zigomba gutwikwa, kandi aho Abakristo bateraniraga hose hagasenywa. Harry Y. Gamble, umwarimu w’iyobokamana muri Kaminuza ya Virginie, yaranditse ati “Dioclétien yumvaga ko aho itorero rya gikristo ryari riri hose ryabaga rifite ibitabo, kandi yari azi neza ko ibyo bitabo byari bibafatiye runini.” Umuhanga mu by’amateka wo muri Palesitina witwaga Eusèbe w’i Kayisariya wabayeho icyo gihe, yaravuze ati “twiboneye n’amaso yacu insengero zisenywa kuva kuri fondasiyo kugeza ku gisenge, n’Ibyanditswe byera bigatwikirwa mu isoko rwagati.”

Hari abavuga ko nyuma y’amezi atatu Dioclétien ashyizeho iryo tegeko, umuyobozi w’umugi wa Cirta wo muri Afurika y’Amajyaruguru, muri iki gihe uzwi ku izina rya Constantin, yaba yarategetse Abakristo gutanga “inyandiko z’amategeko” na “kopi z’ibyanditswe” zose bari batunze. Hari inkuru zo muri icyo gihe zivuga ko Abakristo bahisemo kubabazwa urubozo no kwicwa, aho gutanga Bibiliya ngo zitwikwe.

Intego y’ibyo bitero

Abo bose, yaba Yehoyakimu, Antiochus na Dioclétien, bari bagamije guca burundu Ijambo ry’Imana, kugira ngo ritazongera kuvugwa ukundi. Ariko ibyo bitero byose nta cyo byagezeho. Abategetse Roma nyuma ya Dioclétien batangiye kuvuga ko bahindutse Abakristo, ariko Bibiliya yakomeje kurwanywa. Kubera iki?

Abo bategetsi n’abayobozi b’amadini, bihandagaje bavuga ko gutwika Bibiliya bitari bigamije kuyica burundu, ahubwo ko byari bigamije kubuza rubanda rwa giseseka kuyitunga. Ariko se abayobozi ba kiliziya bakoraga ibyo bagamije iki? Kandi se, ni iki kiliziya yakoze kugira ngo ibuze abantu gusoma Bibiliya? Reka tubisuzume.