Abakristo n’Iryo Zina
NTA muntu n’umwe washobora kuvuga igihe nyacyo Abayahudi bagenderaga ku migenzo y’idini barekeye aho kuvuga izina ry’Imana baranguruye bakarisimbuza amagambo y’Igiheburayo avuga ngo Imana cyangwa Umutegetsi w’Ikirenga. Bamwe bemera ko iryo zina ryazimangatanye mu biganiro bya buri munsi mbere rwose yo kuza kwa Yesu. Ariko hari ibihamya simusiga by’uko umutambyi mukuru yakomeje kurikoresha mu mirimo yo mu rusengero—cyane cyane nko ku Munsi w’Impongano—kugeza ubwo urusengero rushenywe mu wa 70 w’igihe cyacu. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu rero, igihe Yesu yari ku isi, Abayahudi bari bazi kuvuga izina ry’Imana, n’ubwo bari batakirikoresha mu buryo bwagutse cyane.
Ariko se ni kuki Abayahudi baretse kuvuga izina ry’Imana? Birashoboka wenda ko, nibura mu buryo runaka, byaba byaratewe no kumva nabi itegeko rya gatatu ryari riteye ritya: “Ntukavugir’ ubus’ izina ry’Uwiteka [Yehova, MN], Imana yawe” (Kuva 20:7). Birumvikana rwose ko iryo tegeko ritabuzanyaga gukoresha izina ry’Imana. Naho ubundi se byakumvikana gute ko abagaragu b’Imana ba kera, nka Dawidi, baba bararikosheje mu bw’isanzure batyo maze Yehova agakomeza kubahundagazaho imigisha? Ikindi kandi, ni kuki Imana yaba yararibwiye Mose ikanamusaba gusobanurira Abisirayeli umutumye uwo ari we?—Zaburi 18:1-3, 6, 13; Kuva 6:2-8.
Ibyo ari byo byose, ahagana mu gihe cya Yesu abantu bari bafite akamenyero gakomeye ko kureba amategeko yumvikana y’Imana bakayasobanura mu buryo burengeje urugero cyane. Urugero, nk’irya kane mu Mategeko Cumi ryategekaga Abisirayeli kubahiriza umunsi wa karindwi wa buri cyumweru ukababera umunsi w’ikiruhuko, Isabato (Kuva 20:8-11). Abayahudi b’abanyedini bakabirije cyane iryo tegeko bongeraho andi mategeko yabo atagira ingano kandi y’agakabyo ngo agenge buri kantu kose gashoboraga gukorwa cyangwa kadakorwa ku munsi w’isabato. Nta gushidikanya ko ari bene iyo mitekerereze yabateye kureba itegeko rishyize mu gaciro ry’Imana, ry’uko izina ry’Imana ritagombaga guteshwa agaciro, maze bakarikabiriza mu buryo burengeje urugero ngo ahubwo iryo zina ntirikavugwe rwose.a
Yesu n’Iryo Zina
Mbese, Yesu yari gukurikiza umugenzo nk’uwo udashingiye ku Byanditswe? Reka da! Ntiyigeze rwose abura gukora imirimo yo gukiza abarwayi ku Isabato, n’ubwo ibyo byari ukwica amategeko yari yarashyizweho n’abantu, ni ukuvuga Abayahudi ndetse bikaba byarashoboraga no gushyira ubuzima bwe mu kaga (Matayo 12:9-14). Koko rero, Yesu yaciriye Abafarisayo ho iteka ko ari indyadya kubera ko imigenzo yabo yarengeraga Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe (Matayo 15:1-9). Kubw’ibyo, ntibyumvikana ko yari kwifata ngo abure kuvuga izina ry’Imana, cyane cyane ko n’izina rye ubwe, Yesu, ryasobanuraga ngo “Yehova ni Agakiza.”
Umunsi umwe, Yesu yahagaze mu rusengero maze asoma igice cy’umuzingo wa Yesaya. Igice yasomaga ni icyo ubu twita Yesaya 61:1, 2, aho izina ry’Imana riboneka incuro irenze imwe (Luka 4:16-21). Mbese, yari kubura kuvuga iryo zina ry’Imana, akarisimbuza “Umwami” cyangwa “Imana”? Oya rwose. Ibyo byari kuba ari ugukurikiza umugenzo udashingiye ku Byanditswe w’abayobozi b’idini ya Kiyahudi. Ahubwo dusoma ko “yabigishaga nk’ūfit’ ubutware, ntase n’abanditsi babo.”—Matayo 7:29.
Koko rero, nk’uko twamaze kubibona, yigishije abigishwa be kujya basenga Imana batya bati “Izina ryawe ryubahwe” (Matayo 6:9). Kandi mu isengesho ryo mu ijoro ryabanzirizaga urupfu rwe, yabwiye Se ati “Abo wampaye mw isi mbamenyeshej’ izina ryawe. . . . Data Wera, ubarindire mw izina ryawe wampaye.”—Yohana 17:6, 11.
Ku byerekeye ibyo Yesu yavuze ku izina ry’Imana, igitabo Der Name Gottes (Izina ry’Imana) gisobanura ku ipaji ya 76 ngo “Tugomba gusobanukirwa ikintu gitangaje cy’uko ihishurwa ry’Imana nk’uko abantu baryumvaga kera mu Isererano rya Kera ari ihishurwa ry’izina ryayo kandi ko ibyo bigaragara kugeza mu bice bya nyuma by’Isezerano rya Kera, yego ndetse bikanakomereza no mu bice bya nyuma by’Isezerano Rishya, urugero ni nko muri Yohana 17:6 aho dusoma ngo ‘nabamenyesheje izina ryawe.’”
Ni byo koko, byaba rwose bidahuje n’ubwenge gutekereza ko Yesu yaba yarifashe akabura gukoresha izina ry’Imana, cyane cyane nk’iyo yasubiraga mu mirongo y’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo aho ryabaga riri.
Abakristo bo Hambere
Mbese, abigishwa ba Yesu bo mu kinyejana cya mbere bakoreshaga izina ry’Imana? Bari barategetswe na Yesu guhindura abantu bo mu mahanga yose abigishwa (Matayo 28:19, 20). Abantu benshi mu bagombaga kubwiriza nta cyo bari bazi ku Mana yari yarihishuriye Abayahudi mu izina rya Yehova. Ni gute Abakristo bari gushobora kubabwira iby’Imana y’ukuri? Mbese byari kuba bihagije kuyita Imana cyangwa Umwami? Oya. Amahanga yari afite imana zayo n’abami bayo (1 Abakorinto 8:5). Ni gute Abakristo baba baragaragaje itandukaniro rikomeye ryari hagati y’Imana y’ukuri n’iz’ikinyoma? Bari kubigeraho ari uko bakoresheje gusa izina ry’Imana y’ukuri.
Bityo rero, mu nama y’abasaza yabereye i Yerusalemu, umwigishwa Yakobo yagize ati “Simoni yabatekererej’ ukw Imana yatangiye kugenderer’ abanyamahanga kubatoranyamw ubgoko bgo kūbah’ izina ryayo. Amagambo y’abahanuzi ahura n’ibyo” (Ibyakozwe 15:14, 15). Intumwa Petero, muri disikuru ye izwi cyane yavuze ku munsi wa Pentekote, yagarutse ku ngingo y’ingenzi ikubiye mu butumwa bwa Gikristo ubwo yasubiraga muri aya magambo y’umuhanuzi Yoeli ngo “Umuntu wes’ uzambaz’ izina ry’Uwiteka [Yehova, MN], azakizwa.”—Yoeli 2:32; Ibyakozwe 2:21.
Intumwa Paulo nta gushidikanya na guke igaragaza ku byerekeye uburemere ifatana izina ry’Imana. Mu rwandiko yandikiye Abaroma, asubira muri ayo magambo y’umuhanuzi Yoeli kandi agakomeza atera bagenzi be b’Abakristo inkunga yo kugaragaza ko bizera ayo magambo bajya kubwira abandi ibyerekeye izina ry’Imana kugira ngo abo na bo bazashobore gukizwa (Abaroma 10:13-15). Nyuma y’aho yandikiye Timoteo urwandiko agira ati “Umuntu wes’ uvug’ izina ry’Uwiteka [Yehova, MN] ave mu bidatunganye” (2 Timoteo 2:19). Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya mbere, intumwa Yohana yakoresheje izina ry’Imana mu nyandiko zayo. Imvugo ngo “Haleluya,” isobanura ngo ”Yah ahimbazwe” iboneka kenshi mu gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe.—Ibyahishuwe 19:1, 3, 4, 6.
Nyamara, Yesu n’abigishwa be bari barahanuye ko hari kuzaza ubuhakanyi mu itorero rya Gikristo. Intumwa Petero yanditse iti “Muri mwe hazabahw abigisha b’ibinyoma.” (2 Petero 2:1; reba nanone Matayo 13:36-43; Ibyakozwe 20:29, 30; 2 Abatesalonike 2:3; 1 Yohana 2:18, 19.) Iyo miburo yarasohoye. Ingaruka imwe ni uko izina ry’Imana ryaje kwirengagizwa. Ndetse rikagera aho rikurwa muri za Bibiliya zimwe n’ubuhinduzi bwazo! Nimucyo turebere hamwe uko byagenze.
[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]
a Hari abandi babisobanura mu buryo butandukanye: Abayahudi baba barashutswe n’icurabwenge ry’Abagiriki. Urugero, nka Filo, umucurabwenge w’Umuyahudi w’Alexandria wabayeho mu gihe cya Yesu yari yaragizweho ingaruka ikomeye n’umucurabwenge w’Umugiriki witwaga Plato, ku buryo yanatekerezaga ko yaba yarahumekewe n’Imana. Igitabo Lexikon des Judentums (Inkoranyamagambo y’Imibereho y’Abayahudi) mu minsi ya “Filo,” kivuga ko Filo “yahuje ururimi n’ibitekerezo by’icurabwenge rya Kigiriki (Plato) hamwe n’imyizerere y’Abayahudi yahishuwe” kandi ko icya mbere, we “yabogamiraga mu ruhande rw’abasekuruza ba kiliziya ya Gikristo.” Filo yigishije ko Imana itashoboraga gusobanurwa, ngo kubera iyo mpamvu ikaba idashobora kugira izina.
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 14]
Iyi shusho y’umutambyi mukuru w’Umuyahudi, ifite ikimenyetso cyanditse ku gitambaro cyo mu mutwe mu magambo y’Igiheburayo asobanura ngo “Ukwera Ni ukwa Yehova,” iboneka i Vatikani.
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 15]
Nk’uko ubu buhinduzi bwa Bibiliya mu Kidage bwo mu wa 1805 bubyerekana, igihe Yesu asoma umuzingo wa Yesaya mu isinagogi, yavuze izina ry’Imana mu ijwi riranguruye.—Luka 4:18, 19.
[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 16]
Petero na Paulo bakoresheje izina ry’Imana igihe basubiraga mu magambo y’ubuhanuzi bwa Yoeli.—Ibyakozwe 2:21; Abaroma 10:13.