Mbese Bibiliya Yahumetswe n’Imana?

1, 2. Kuki abantu benshi bafatana uburemere Bibiliya, kandi ni iki abanditsi ba Bibiliya bayivuzeho?

IGITABO the New Encyclopædia Britannica kivuga ko Bibiliya “igomba kuba ari wo mubumbe w’ibitabo wakoreshejwe cyane mu mateka y’abantu.” Bibiliya ifatanwa uburemere cyane n’abantu benshi kubera ko ibice byayo bya kera bimaze hafi imyaka 3.500 byanditswe. Nyamara, inama zayo zubaka kandi zihuje n’igihe tugezemo, ni zimwe mu mpamvu zatumye hakwirakwizwa kopi zayo zisaga miriyari eshatu kandi igahindurwa, yose cyangwa se ibice bice, mu ndimi zigera ku bihumbi bibiri, ku buryo mbese igihe cyose ari cyo gitabo kigurwa cyane ku isi kurusha ibindi byose.

² Uretse ibyo bintu byose bikomeza guhesha Bibiliya icyubahiro, hari n’ikindi kintu nanone cyakomeje gutuma yamamara cyane kandi igakomeza gukundwa uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana—ni ukuba yarahumetswe n’Imana Isumbabyose. Mose, wanditse igitabo bita Torah (amategeko ya Mose muri rusange) ‘yanditse’ amagambo yose yari abwirijwe n’Imana, ari na yo yari akubiyemo ibihereranye n’irema, inkuru y’Umwuzure wo mu gihe cya Nowa, ndetse n’amateka ya Aburahamu hamwe n’iby’imishyikirano Mose ubwe yari afitanye n’Imana’ (Kuva 24:3, 4). Umwami Dawidi yagize ati “umwuka w’Uwiteka yavugiye muri jye, Ijambo rye ryari ku rurimi rwanjye” (2 Samweli 23:2). Hari abandi banditsi ba Bibiliya bagize icyo bavuga kijya gusa n’ibyo bayobowe n’Imana. Izo nyandiko zose hamwe, zikubiyemo ibisobanuro byatanzwe n’Imana ubwayo bihereranye n’amateka, icyo ashaka kuvuga, uko abantu bashobora kuyumva, n’ingaruka zayo. Abanditsi batandukanye b’Ibyanditswe: abami, abahinzi, abatambyi, n’abandi n’abandi bose bari bameze nk’abanyamabanga bandukura ibihereranye n’ibitekerezo by’Imana, yo Mwanditsi wa Bibiliya ikaba n’Usohoza amasezerano yayo.

3. Ni iki kigaragaza ko kwemera Imana no kwemera siyansi bidahabanye?

³ Ubwo Bibiliya ubwayo yivugira ko yanditswe n’Imana, ubanza noneho ikibazo benshi basigaranye ari ukumenya niba koko uwo Mwanditsi wayo abaho. Hari benshi bahakana bagatsemba rwose ko Imana itabaho. Abandi na bo, babitewe n’uko batekereza ko abantu bose b’abahanga barwanya igitekerezo cy’uko Imana ibaho kandi ntibizere Bibiliya, baribaza bati “ni kuki abahanga mu bya siyansi batizera Imana?” Mbese bene icyo gitekerezo kirakwiriye? Umutwe umwe wo mu kinyamakuru cyitwa New Scientist waravugaga ngo “igitekerezo gihuriweho na benshi cy’uko abahanga mu bya siyansi baba batizera . . . ni igitekerezo cyo kwibeshya cyane.”² Uwo mutwe nanone uvuga ko iyo umuntu atereye akajisho muri za kaminuza, akareba icyo ubushakashatsi bwagezeho, ndetse na za laboratwari z’inganda asanga “hari abahanga mu bya siyansi nibura nk’umunani ku 10 bafite imyizerere ishingiye ku idini cyangwa se hakaba hari amahame runaka bashyigikira ‘adafite aho ahuriye na siyansi.’” Ku bw’ibyo rero, nta wavuga rwose ko kwizera kutajyana na siyansi cyangwa n’abahanga mu bya siyansi. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ubwihindurize—Mbese ni ihame?”)

UBWIHINDURIZE—MBESE NI IHAME?

INKURU y’iremwa yo mu Itangiriro ivuga ko ibifite ubugingo byose byaremwe “nk’uko amoko yabyo ari,” cyangwa imiryango bibarirwamo (Itangiriro 1:12, 24, 25). Mu gihe cyo gushyira ku mugaragaro ibitekerezo byabo, abashyigikira iby’ubwihindurize bagiye bakwena iyo nkuru ya Bibiliya. Ariko se hari igihamya cy’uko haba hari ubundi bwoko bushya bwaba bwarabayeho bubikesha ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ingerangingo?e Kuva kera hose kugeza ubu, inyandiko zigaragaza ko imbwa zakomeje kuba imbwa, kandi injangwe na zo zikomeza kuba injangwe. Ndetse n’inyenzi, zabonetse mu dukoko twatabitswe kera cyane, zifitanye isano ya bugufi cyane n’utundi dukoko tw’uwo muryango two muri iki gihe cyacu.

Mu by’ukuri se, ni ikihe gihamya umuryango w’abahanga mu bya siyansi waba waragaragaje muri iyi myaka isaga ijana ishize bakora ubushakashatsi ubudatuza, uhereye ku gitabo cya Darwin cyitwa L’origine des espèces [Inkomoko y’Amoko y’Ibintu]?f Ni iyihe myanzuro abahanga bamwe bagezeho?

IBIHERERANYE N’IBYATABITSWE: Bakunda kuvuga ko ibihamya by’ibyatabitswe bisa n’aho ari ‘urukiko rwa nyuma rw’ubujurire’ kubera ko ari byo byonyine bigize amateka y’umwimerere y’ubuzima bw’ibintu siyansi ishobora kubona. Ibyo birashaka kuvuga iki?

Umwarimu umwe wo muri kaminuza wigisha ibya siyansi y’ibinyabuzima, John Moore, yagize icyo avuga ku myanzuro yagezweho nyuma y’isuzumwa ryakozwe n’Umuryango w’iby’Ubucukumbuzi bw’Amabuye w’i Londres ufatanyije n’Ishyirahamwe Ryiga iby’Ibinyabuzima Byabayeho Kera ryo mu Bwongereza. “Abahanga mu bya siyansi bagera ku 120, bose b’inararibonye, bateguye ibice 30 bigize igitabo kinini cyane cy’amapaji asaga 800, bagira icyo bavuga ku byatabitswe bihereranye n’ibimera hamwe n’inyamaswa . . . Buri muryango w’ubwoko bw’ibimera n’inyamaswa ugaragazwa ko ufite amateka yihariye kandi atandukanye n’ay’indi miryango cyangwa amoko! Amatsinda manini y’ibimera n’inyamaswa ahita agaragara ako kanya mu nyandiko zihereranye n’ibyatabitswe. . . . Nta cyerekana ko yaba afite inkomoko imwe, yewe nta n’isano yaba afitanye n’ibikururuka runaka, byo bivugwaho kuba ari byo ayo matsinda akomokaho.”—Should Evolution Be Taught?, 1970, ku ipaji ya 9 n’iya 14.

MBESE IHINDUKA RY’IMITERERE Y’INGERANGINGO RYABA RYARATUMYE HABAHO UBWIHINDURIZE? Kubera ingaruka mbi y’ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ingerangingo, igitabo cyitwa The Encyclopedia Americana kiragira kiti “kubera ko incuro nyinshi ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ingerangingo rigira ingaruka mbi ku bintu, bisa n’aho bitumvikana ukuntu ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ingerangingo ryaba ari ryo soko y’ibintu bya ngombwa bigize ubwihindurize. Koko rero, ibintu bikomoka kuri bene iryo hinduka bivugwa mu bitabo bihereranye n’ibinyabuzima bigize agatsiko k’ibintu bitagira shinge na rugero, ibintu by’ibihindugembe gusa ku buryo usanga ihinduka ry’imiterere y’ingerangingo risa n’aho ryonona aho kubaka.”—1977, Umubumbe wa 10, ku ipaji ya 742.

BIMEZE BITE KU BIHERERANYE N’ABANTU MAGUGE? Igazeti yitwa Science Digest iragira iti “ikintu cy’ingenzi tugomba kumenya ni uko, ibintu byose bifatika dufite bihereranye n’ubwihindurize bwa kimuntu, bishobora gutondekanywa mu isanduku imwe nto kandi hagasigara undi mwanya! . . . Urugero nk’inguge zo muri iki gihe, zisa n’aho zitagira aho zikomoka. Nta mateka yazo azwi, habe n’inyandiko zihereranye n’ibyatabitswe. Na ho ku bihereranye n’inkomoko nyayo y’abantu bo muri iki gihe—bahagarara bemye, bambaye ubusa, bikorera ibikoresho, bafite n’ubwonko bwagutse—rwose niba dushaka kuvugisha ukuri, ni iyobera na ryo.”—Gicurasi 1982, ku ipaji ya 44.

INYIGISHO ISUMBIRIJWE: Muzirikane aya magambo y’uwitwa Michael Denton, umuhanga mu bumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima, nk’uko yabivuze mu gitabo cye yise Evolution: A Theory in Crisis:

“Nta washidikanya ko Darwin atari afite icyo ashingiraho gisa n’aho ari ikimenyetso simusiga mu gushyiraho inyigisho ye y’ubwihindurize. . . . Inyigisho ye muri rusange, ivuga ko ibifite ubugingo byose biri ku isi byazikutse kandi bikagenda byihinduriza bibitewe n’ihinduka ritunguranye ryagiye riba mu miterere y’uturemangingo uko ibihe byagiye bihita; nk’uko byari bimeze mu gihe cya Darwin, iracyari inyigisho ishingiye ku bitekerezo by’ibihimbano cyane bitagira shinge na rugero kandi bidafite n’aho bihuriye n’igitekerezo shingiro, ari na cyo bamwe mu bantu b’abarakare bagishyigikira bashatse kutwemeza. . . . Umuntu yakwitega ko inyigisho ikomeye nk’iyo, inyigisho yahinduye isi uko yakabaye, yagombye kuba ikindi kintu kindi kidashingiye ku icurabwenge gusa, kitari umugani.”—icapa ryo mu wa 1986, amapaji 69, 77, 358.

e Hagombye kuba itandukaniro hagati y’ibyo bise “ubwihindurize buciriritse,” ni ukuvuga gukora ibintu bundi bushya cyangwa kwimenyereza ibintu buhoro buhoro, n’ihinduka rigaragara mu bwoko bw’ikintu, n’icyo bise “ubwihindurize buhambaye,” ari na bwo bwigisha ko ubwoko bumwe bugira butya bugahinduka ubundi. Abigisha ubwihindurize bakunda gushingira kenshi kuri icyo gitekerezo cya nyuma.

f Niba ushaka ibisobanuro birenzeho, ushobora kureba igitabo Cinq questions à se poser sur l’origine de la vie, mu gifaransa.

Mbese hari ibihamya byemeza ko yaba yarahumetswe?

4. Ni ukuhe kuri kwa siyansi kwavuzwe muri Bibiliya kera mbere y’imyaka ibihumbi n’ibihumbi yashize?

⁴ Iyo umuntu ageze kuri uyu mwanzuro w’uko hari igihamya cy’uko hariho Umuremyi, hasigara ikibazo cyo kumenya niba hari abantu yahumekeye kugira ngo bandike ibitekerezo bye n’imigambi ye muri Bibiliya. Hari impamvu nyinshi zituma twizera tudashidikanya ko uko ari ko bigomba kuba byaragenze, imwe muri zo ni ukuntu ihuza neza rwose na siyansi. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Mbere na mbere Imana yaremye . . .”). Urugero, dore hashize imyaka isaga 3.000, Yobu avuze ko Imana ‘yatendetse isi ku busa’ (Yobu 26:7). Hashize hafi imyaka 2.700, umuhanuzi Yesaya avuze ko Imana “yicaye ku ruziga rw’isi” (Yesaya 40:22, NW). None se, nk’ubwo Yobu cyangwa Yesaya baba barabwiwe n’iki ibyo bintu by’ukuri by’urufatiro rwa siyansi, by’uko isi itendetse ku busa kandi ikaba ari n’uruziga? Nubwo ibyo bintu bishobora kuba bizwi neza cyane muri iki gihe, ariko byavuzwe mu gihe nta muntu n’umwe wari ufite icyo abiziho. Kuvuga se ko byahumetswe n’Imana, si byo bisobanuro bihuje n’ubwenge?

“MBERE NA MBERE IMANA YAREMYE” . . .

. . . “IJURU N’ISI” (Itangiriro 1:1).—Muri iki gihe abahanga benshi mu bya siyansi bemera ko isanzure ryose ryagize itangiriro. Umuhanga mu kwiga ibihereranye n’inyenyeri, witwa Robert Jastrow yaranditse ati “ubu turumva uburyo ibihamya bihereranye n’inyenyeri bidufasha mu gusobanukirwa igitekerezo cya Bibiliya gihereranye n’inkomoko y’isi. Ibisobanuro biranyuranye mu bintu bimwe na bimwe, ariko ibintu by’ingenzi bihereranye n’inyenyeri hamwe n’inkuru ya Bibiliya yo mu Itangiriro birahuje: uruhererekane rw’ibintu byaje kuvamo umuntu rwavutse mu buryo butunguranye cyane kandi bwihuse cyane mu gihe runaka cy’amateka, mbese nk’umurabyo.”—God and the Astronomers, 1978, ku ipaji ya 14.

. . . “IBYIGENZA BYINSHI CYANE BIFITE UBUGINGO” (Itangiriro 1:20)—Umuhanga umwe mu bya fizike witwa H. S. Lipson, amaze kubona ibintu binyomoza inyigisho y’inkomoko itunguranye y’ubuzima, yagize ati “ibisobanuro rukumbi byemewe ni iby’iremwa. Nzi ko, mu maso y’abahanga mu bya fizike, kuvuga gutyo bisa no gucumura, ndetse nanjye ni ko mbibona, ariko ntitugomba kwirengagiza inyigisho ngo ni uko tutayikunda mu gihe hari ibimenyetso simusiga bihamya ibyayo.”—Physics Bulletin, Umubumbe wa 31, 1980, ku ipaji ya 138.

Ariko se nubwo hari ibintu biyinyomoza, inkomoko itunguranye y’ibintu ntishobora kuba yarabayeho? Umuhanga mu bya Fizike no mu bihereranye no kwiga iby’inyenyeri witwa Fred Hoyle aragira ati “nta gihamya na gito dufite cy’uko ubuzima bwaba bukomoka mu bintu by’urusukume, hano ku isi.” Yakomeje nanone agira ati “uko abahanga mu bumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima na shimi bagenda bavumbura byinshi ku bihereranye n’uburyo ubuzima butangaje cyane kandi ari urusobe rukomeye, ni ko birushaho kugaragara neza ko amahirwe yo kuba bwarapfuye kubaho gutya gusa nk’impanuka ari make cyane ku buryo bishobora no kutemerwa rwose. Nta kuntu ubuzima bwaba bwarabayeho ku bw’amahirwe gusa.” Hoyle akomeza agira ati “abahanga mu bumenyi bw’ibinyabuzima bagera ku myanzuro itagira ishingiro bagamije guhakana ibyo abantu bose bibonera n’amaso, guhakana ko uruhererekane 200.000 rw’aside amine, bishaka kuvuga ubuzima, rutapfuye kubaho gutya gusa nk’impanuka.” Koko rero, arabaza ati ‘ni gute impanuka yahuza ibintu byo mu rwego rwa shimi byo muri urwo rusukume maze bikabyara ubwabyo za anzime 2.000 za ngombwa mu buzima?’ Yavuze ko ayo mahirwe angana n’incuro imwe ku ncuro 10^40.000, cyangwa se “angana n’amahirwe yo gutombora gatandatu incuro 50.000 wikurikiranyije kandi wifashishije agakoresho kadafukuye kangana n’urutoki” (The Intelligent Universe, F. Hoyle, 1983, ku ipaji ya 11-12, 17 n’iya 23)! Yakomeje agira ati “umuntu abaye nta cyo ashaka gutsimbararaho gusa gishingiye wenda nko ku mitekerereze y’abo babana cyangwa se gishingiye ku bintu bimwe bya siyansi yaba yarigishijwe, cy’uko ubuzima bwaba bwarapfuye kubaho ku isi gutya gusa nk’impanuka, uru rugero ruto rw’imibare rugaragaza neza rwose ko icyo gitekerezo nta shingiro gifite.”—Evolution From Space, Fred Hoyle na Chandra Wickramasinghe, 1981, ku ipaji ya 24.

5, 6. Ni ubuhe buhanuzi bwasohoye bugaragaza neza ko abanditsi ba Bibiliya bahumekewe n’Imana?

⁵ Ubuhanuzi, ni ukuvuga amateka yandikwa mbere y’uko abaho, bushobora kuba ari cyo kintu cy’ingenzi kigaragaza neza cyane ko Bibiliya yahumetswe n’Imana. Urugero, umuhanuzi Yesaya ntiyahanuye gusa ko Yerusalemu yari gusenywa na Babuloni kandi ko ishyanga ryose ry’Abayahudi ryari kujyanwa ari imbohe, ahubwo yanahanuye ko igihe cyari kuzagera maze umugaba w’ingabo w’Umuperesi witwa Kuro akanesha Babuloni nuko akabohoza Abayahudi akabaha umudendezo (Yesaya 13:17-19; 44:27–45:1). Kuba Yesaya yarabashije guhanura atibeshye ibihereranye n’ivuka, n’izina bya Kuro ndetse n’ibyo yari kuzakora byose, imyaka 200 mbere y’uko biba, ubwo koko hari ahandi yaba yarabikomoye uretse kuba yarahumekewe n’Imana? (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Imana—‘Ni yo ihishura ibihishwe’ ikoresheje abahanuzi.”).

IMANA—‘NI YO IHISHURA IBIHISHWE’ IKORESHEJE UBUHANUZI

IGIHE yavuganaga n’umwami wa kera, umuhanuzi Daniyeli yagize ati “ibyo bihishwe umwami yasobanuzaga, nta banyabwenge babasha kubimenyesha umwami, cyangwa abapfumu cyangwa abakonikoni cyangwa abacunnyi, ariko mu ijuru hariho Imana ihishura ibihishwe” (Daniyeli 2:27, 28). Mbese, hari igihamya cy’uko Imana ihishura ibihishwe koko ikoresheje ubuhanuzi? Dore ingero zimwe na zimwe.

Kugwa kwa Babuloni: “ibi ni byo Uwiteka abwira Kuro, uwo yimikishije amavuta, ni we mfashe ukuboko kw’iburyo nkamuneshereza amahanga ari imbere ye, kandi nzakenyuruza abami kugira ngo mukingurire inzugi, kandi n’amarembo ntazugarirwa.”—Yesaya 45:1, ibyo byahanuwe ahagana mu wa 732 Mbere ya Yesu. Reba nanone Yeremiya 50:35-38; 51:30-32, byahanuwe mbere y’uwa 625 Mbere ya Yesu.

Isohozwa—539 Mbere ya Yesu: Abahanga mu by’amateka Hérodote na Xénophon bavuga ko Kuro w’Umuperesi yayobeje amazi y’umugezi Ufurate, unyuze muri Babuloni hagati, nuko yohereza ingabo ze zinyura mu mugende uwo mugezi wanyuragamo, batungura abarinzi maze basakiza uwo murwa muri iryo joro. Nubwo Kuro yakoresheje ayo mayeri ya gisirikare, nta bwo yari gushobora kwinjira mu murwa iyo amarembo areba ku nkombe y’umugezi Ufurate aza kuba ataretse kugarirwa ku bw’uburangare. ‘Amarembo ntiyugariwe,’ nk’uko ubuhanuzi bwari bwarabivuze.

Igihano cy’i Tiro: “Umwami Uwiteka avuga ati: dore ndakwibasiye yewe Tiro we, ngiye kuguteza amahanga menshi nk’uko inyanja izamura umuraba wayo. Umukungugu waho na wo nzawukukumbaho, habe urutare ruriho ubusa. . . . Kandi amabuye yawe n’ibiti byawe n’umukungugu wawe bazabiroha mu nyanja.”—Ezekiyeli 26:3, 4, 12, byahanuwe ahagana mu wa 613 Mbere ya Yesu

Isohozwa—332 Mbere ya Yesu: Alekizanderi Mukuru yubatse iteme, cyangwa se urugomero, iryo teme ryari rifatanyije igihugu n’ikirwa cya Tiro (rifite metero 800 z’ubugari) ku buryo ingabo ze zashoboraga kuryambukiraho maze zigatera umurwa w’icyo kirwa. Igitabo cyitwa The Encyclopedia Americana kiragira kiti “yifashishije ibishingwe by’umurwa w’icyo kirwa, yari amaze gusenya, yubatse urugomero runini rufatanyije igihugu n’icyo kirwa.” Bamaze kuhagota mu gihe kitarambiranye, umurwa w’icyo kirwa waje kurimburwa, nuko ubuhanuzi bwa Ezekiyeli busohora uko bwakabaye ijambo ku rindi. Ndetse ‘n’amabuye n’ibiti n’umukungugu’ bya Tiro (uwo murwa) ‘byajugunywe mu nyanja.’

Kurimbuka kwa Yerusalemu: ‘Yesaya abwira Hezekiya ati “Umva ijambo ry’Uwiteka Nyiringabo: igihe kizaza ibiri mu nzu yawe byose, n’ibyo ba sogokuruza babitse kugeza ubu bizajyanwe i Babuloni, nta kintu kizasigara.’—Yesaya 39:5, 6, byahanuwe ahagana mu wa 732 Mbere ya Yesu; reba nanone Yesaya 24:1-3; 47:6.

Umuhanuzi Yeremiya yari yaravuze ati “dore ngiye kohereza [Abantu b’i Babuloni] . . . mbateze iki gihugu n’abagituyemo . . . Iki gihugu cyose kizaba umwirare n’igitangarirwa, kandi ayo mahanga azakorera umwami w’i Babuloni imyaka mirongo irindwi.”—Yeremiya 25:9, 11, byahanuwe mbere y’uwa 625 Mbere ya Yesu.

Isohozwa: 607 Mbere ya Yesu (Mu wa 586 Mbere ya Yesu, dukurikije uko uruhererekane rw’ibisekuruza rutari urwa Bibiliya rubigaragaza): Babuloni yarimbuye i Yerusalemu hashize umwaka n’igice iyigose. Umurwa n’urusengero rwawo byarashenywe, kandi n’Abayahudi ubwabo batwaweho iminyago i Babuloni (2 Ngoma 36:6, 7, 12, 13, 17-21). Ishyanga ryose ryahamye mu bucakara mu gihe cy’imyaka 70, nk’uko Yeremiya yari yarabihanuye. Baje kubohorwa mu buryo bw’igitangaza mu wa 537 Mbere ya Yesu, na Kuro Mukuru wanesheje Babuloni, bityo ubuhanuzi bwa Yesaya burasohozwa, dore ko bwari bwaravuze n’izina rye (Yesaya 44:24-28). Umuhanuzi Daniyeli, wari mu bunyage, yabaze igihe nyacyo ubwoko bwe bwagombaga kubohorerwamo, ashingiye ku buhanuzi bwa Yeremiya.—Daniyeli 9:1, 2.

⁶ Bumwe mu buhanuzi bw’imena cyane ni ubwanditswe na Daniyeli, umuhanuzi wabayeho mu kinyejana cya gatandatu Mbere ya Yesu. Ntiyahanuye gusa ibyo kuneshwa kwa Babuloni itsinzwe n’Abamedi n’Abaperesi, ahubwo yanahanuye n’ibihereranye n’ibyari kuzabaho nyuma y’igihe cye, mu gihe cyari kuzaza kera cyane. Urugero, ubuhanuzi bwa Daniyeli bwavuze iby’uko Ubugiriki bwari kuzaba ubwami bw’igihangange ku isi hose ku ngoma ya Alekizanderi Mukuru (mu wa 336-323 Mbere ya Yesu), buvuga iby’uko ubwami bwa Alekizanderi bwari kuzagabagabanwa n’abagaba b’ingabo be bane amaze gupfa akenyutse, buvuga ndetse n’ibyo kuganza k’Ubwami bw’Abaroma, n’uko bwari kuzaba bukomeye cyane mu bya gisirikari mu buryo buteye ubwoba (mu kinyejana cya mbere, Mbere ya Yesu) (Daniyeli 7:6; 8:21, 22). Ibyo bintu byose byabayeho rwose mu mateka ku buryo nta wagira icyo abirwanyaho.

7, 8. (a) Ni iki abantu bamwe bakunze kurega ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya? (b) Ni iki kigaragaza ko ibirego by’uko Bibiliya yaba yaravuze ibintu mu buryo bwa magendu nta shingiro bifite?

⁷ Kubera ko byagaragaye neza ko ubuhanuzi bwa Bibiliya ari ukuri koko, abayirwanya bagiye bashaka kuyisebya bavuga ko yaba irimanganya, ngo ni amateka yabayeho yagiye yandukurwa maze akitirirwa ubuhanuzi. Ariko se, ni gute umuntu yakwemeza rwose ko abatambyi b’Abayahudi baba baragize igitekerezo cyo kwihimbira ubuhanuzi? Ikindi kandi se, ni kuki baba barahimbye ubuhanuzi bukakaye cyane kandi bubavuga nabi bo ubwabo mu buryo budasubirwaho (Yesaya 56:10, 11; Yeremiya 8:10; Zefaniya 3:4)? Byongeye kandi se, ishyanga rijijutse, ryatojwe kandi rikigishwa ibya Bibiliya rikaba ryari rizi ko ari igitabo cyera, ryashoboraga rite guhimbwa bene ako kageni?—Gutegeka 6:4-9.

⁸ Byashoboka bite se ko ibihereranye no gusiribangwa kw’iterambere ry’amahanga, nka Edomu na Babuloni, byaba byarahanuwe mu buryo bwa magendu kandi iby’iryo siribangwa ari ibintu byabayeho hashize ibinyejana byinshi cyane Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo bishyizwe ahabona (Yesaya 13:20-22; Yeremiya 49:17, 18)? N’iyo hagira uwitwaza ko ubu buhanuzi butanditswe mu gihe cy’abo bahanuzi ubwabo, icyo tugomba kumenya cyo ni uko bwanditswe mbere y’ikinyejana cya gatatu mbere y’igihe cyacu, dore ko no muri icyo gihe bwari bwaramaze guhindurwa mu Kigiriki muri Bibiliya yitwa Septante. Ikindi kandi, Imizingo yo mu Nyanja y’Umunyu (ari na yo ikubiyemo ibice by’ibitabo bya Bibiliya by’ubuhanuzi bwose) yanditswe ahagana mu kinyejana cya kabiri n’icya mbere, mbere ya Yesu. Icyakora nk’uko byakomeje kuvugwa, ubuhanuzi bwinshi bwaje gusohora nyuma y’icyo gihe.

Mbese Bibiliya yuzuyemo amagambo avuguruzanya?

9-12. (a) Ni kuki hari abavuga ko Bibiliya ubwayo yivuguruza? (b) Ni gute ikibazo cy’ibyo bavuga ko ‘bivuguruzanya’ gishobora gukemuka?

⁹ Wenda hari abagira bati ‘Bibiliya yuzuyemo amagambo avuguruzanya kandi avuga ibiterekeranye.’ Incuro nyinshi, abavuga bene ibyo ni abantu baba batarashishoje bihagije ahubwo bagashingira nko ku rugero rumwe gusa cyangwa ebyiri bumvanye abandi. Mu by’ukuri, byinshi mu byo bavugaho kuba bivuga ibiterekeranye birushaho kumvikana neza iyo umuntu azirikanye ko, incuro nyinshi, abanditsi ba Bibiliya bagiye bahina ibitekerezo byabo bakabivuga mu magambo make. Urugero rumwe ni urwo tubona mu nkuru y’irema. Mu kugereranya Itangiriro 1:1, 3 n’Itangiriro 1:14-16, hari abantu benshi bagiye bibaza uko Imana yaba ‘yararemye’ ibiva ku munsi wa kane w’irema kandi umucyo—ukomoka kuri ibyo biva—wari warageze ku isi ku munsi wa mbere w’irema. Aha ngaha, uwo mwanditsi w’Umuheburayo yanze kwirirwa atanga ibisobanuro birambuye cyane maze agira amakenga mu guhitamo amagambo akoresha. Zirikana ko imirongo 14-16, NW ivuga ibyo “gukora” aho kuba ‘kurema’ nk’uko bigaragara mu Itangiriro 1:1, n’“imicyo” aho kuba “umucyo” nk’uko bigaragara mu Itangiriro 1:3, NW. Ibyo birashaka kuvuga ko ku munsi wa kane w’irema ari bwo izuba n’ukwezi, byari bimaze igihe biriho, byaje kugaragarira neza mu kirere cy’isi.a

¹⁰ Inyandiko z’uruhererekane rw’ibisekuruza na zo zajijishije abantu. Urugero, Ezira yavuze amazina 23 mu ruhererekane rw’ibisekuruza ruhereranye n’Abatambyi mu 1 Ngoma 5:29-40 (6:3-14, NW) ariko avuga amazina 16 gusa ahereranye n’icyo gihe, avuga umwirondoro we bwite muri Ezira 7:1-5. Ibyo si ukuvuga ko biterekeranye, ahubwo ni uburyo bwo guhina uruhererekane rw’ibisekuruza. Byongeye kandi, dukurikije intego umwanditsi yashoboraga kuba afite mu kuvuga ibintu, yashoboraga gutsindagiriza, gupfobya, gushyiramo, cyangwa gukuramo ibintu bimwe byashoboraga kuvugwa n’undi mwanditsi wa Bibiliya mu buryo butandukanye mu kubara iyo nkuru. Ibyo si ukuvuguruzanya, ahubwo ni uburyo butandukanye bugaragaza uko abanditsi babona ibintu kandi buhinduka hakurikijwe abateze amatwi ayo magambo.b

¹¹ Akenshi, biba bihagije kureba interuro rusange gusa, kugira ngo icyo kibazo cy’ibyo bavuga ko bivuguruzanya gikemuke. Urugero, ni nk’iki kibazo gikunda kugaruka kenshi ngo “ni hehe Kayini yavanye umugore?” Hari benshi bakunda kucyitsitsaho bashaka kumvikanisha ko Bibiliya yaba ivuga ibintu bivuguruzanya. Bibwira ko Adamu na Eva babyaye abahungu babiri gusa, ari bo Kayini na Abeli. Ariko, icyo kibazo gihita gikemuka iyo umuntu akomeje agasoma ibikurikiraho. Mu Itangiriro 5:4 haragira hati “amaze kubyara Seti, Adamu arongera amara imyaka magana inani, ayibyaramo abahungu n’abakobwa.” Ubwo rero Kayini yarongoye umwe muri bashiki be cyangwa se umwishywa we, kandi ibyo byari bihuje n’umugambi wa mbere w’Imana w’uko ubwoko bwa kimuntu bwororoka bukuzura isi.—Itangiriro 1:28.

¹² Nta gushidikanya ko hari ibintu byinshi mu bigize amateka ya kimuntu bitabashije kwandikwa mu Byanditswe by’Imana. Icyakora ibintu byose bya ngombwa, ku musomyi wa kera cyangwa se twe abariho ubu, byashyizwemo, ariko ku buryo bitabiremereza bikabije cyangwa se ngo bitume bitabasha gusomeka neza.

Mbese ishobora kumenywa n’intiti gusa?

13-15. (a) Kuki bamwe bemera ko Bibiliya ikomeye cyane ku buryo tudashobora kuyisobanukirwa? (b) Tumenya dute ko Imana ishaka ko abantu basobanukirwa Ijambo ryayo?

¹³ Mbese waba warigeze kwibaza uti “ni kuki hariho ibisobanuro byinshi bya Bibiliya bivuguruzanya?” Iyo abantu benshi bafite imitima itaryarya bumva abayobozi ba kidini bavuguruzanya, babura uko babyifatamo maze bikabaca intege. Benshi bafata umwanzuro w’uko Bibiliya ari inyanja kandi ko yivuguruza. Ku bw’ibyo rero, abantu benshi bahunga Bibiliya uko yakabaye, bibwira ko biruhije cyane kuyisoma no kuyumva. Abandi na bo, iyo babonye ako kaduruvayo k’ibisobanuro by’abanyamadini, bituma bagabanya umurego wo gukomeza gushakashaka mu Byanditswe. Hari abavuga ngo “abantu b’abahanga bize imyaka myinshi muri za seminari z’amadini. Narwanya ibyo bigisha se nshingiye ku ki?” Ariko se uko ni ko Imana ibibona?

¹⁴ Igihe Imana yahaga Amategeko ishyanga rya Isirayeli, ntiyababwiye ko yarimo ibashyiriraho uburyo bwo kuyisenga butumvikana, bugenewe abahanga mu bya tewolojiya gusa cyangwa se “intiti.” Binyuriye kuri Mose, Imana yagize icyo ibivugaho mu Gutegeka 30:11, 14, muri aya magambo ngo “kuko ayo mategeko ngutegetse uyu munsi atari ayo kukunanira, kandi atari aya kure ngo utayageraho. Ahubwo iryo jambo rikuri bugufi cyane, riri mu kanwa kawe no mu mutima wawe ngo uryumvire.” Ishyanga ryose, atari abayobozi gusa, ryabwiwe aya magambo ngo “aya mategeko ngutegeka uyu munsi ahore ku mutima wawe. Ujye ugira umwete wo kuyigisha abana bawe, ujye uyavuga wicaye mu nzu yawe, n’uko ugenda mu nzira n’uko uryamye n’uko ubyutse” (Gutegeka 6:6, 7). Amategeko y’Imana, ayo yandikishije yose, yari asobanutse neza ku buryo abagize ishyanga bose, ababyeyi n’abana, bashoboraga kuyakurikiza.c

¹⁵ Ndetse no mu gihe cya Yesaya, abayobozi ba kidini bari baraciriweho iteka n’Imana kubera ko bari barihaye kugira ibyo bongera ku mategeko y’Imana no kuyasobanura uko bishakiye. Umuhanuzi Yesaya yaranditse ati “aba bantu banyegera bakanyubahisha akanwa kabo n’iminwa yabo, ariko imitima yabo bakayinshyira kure, no kubaha banyubaha akaba ari itegeko ry’abantu bigishijwe” (Yesaya 29:13). Ugusenga kwabo kwari kwarahindutse amategeko y’abantu, si ay’Imana (Gutegeka 4:2). Ayo ‘mategeko y’abantu,’ agizwe n’ibyo bongeragamo hamwe n’ibisobanuro byabo bwite, yaravuguruzanyaga. Amagambo y’Imana yo ntavuguruzanya. Ni na ko bimeze no muri iki gihe.

Mbese iby’Amategeko atanditse avugwa mu magambo, bifite ishingiro muri Bibiliya?

16, 17. (a) Ni iki bamwe bemera ku bihereranye n’amategeko atanditse avugwa mu magambo gusa? (b) Ni iki Bibiliya igaragaza ku bihereranye n’amategeko atangwa mu magambo gusa atanditse?

¹⁶ Hari abemera ko Mose yahawe “Amategeko atanditse avugwa mu magambo” yiyongera ku “Mategeko yanditse.” Dukurikije iyo myizerere, ngo Imana yaba yarategetse ko amategeko amwe areka kwandikwa ahubwo ngo akazajya abwirwa abantu mu magambo gusa uko ibihe bizajya bigenda biha ibindi, bityo rero akaba yarakomeje kubaho mu magambo gusa. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Mbese Torah (Amategeko ya Mose muri rusange) irimo ‘amasura mirongo irindwi’?”.) Icyakora, Bibiliya yo igaragaza neza ko Mose atigeze ategekwa kugira amategeko atanga mu magambo gusa atanditse. Mu Kuva 24:3, 4 haravuga hati ‘Mose araza abwira abantu amagambo y’Uwiteka yose n’amategeko ye yose, abantu bose bamusubiriza icyarimwe bati “ibyo Uwiteka yavuze byose tuzabikora.”’ Nuko “Mose yandika amagambo y’Uwiteka yose.” Nanone kandi, mu Kuva 34:27 hatubwira aya magambo ngo ‘Uwiteka abwira Mose ati “iyandikire ayo magambo, kuko isezerano nsezeranye nawe n’Abisirayeli, rihagaze kuri ayo magambo.”’ Amategeko atanditse avugwa mu magambo gusa nta mwanya yari afite mu isezerano Imana yasezeranye na Isirayeli. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Amategeko atanditse yari hehe . . .”). Nta hantu na hamwe muri Bibiliya havugwa iby’amategeko atanditse avugwa mu magambo gusa.d Icy’ingenzi kandi, imyigishirize ya bene ayo mategeko ivuguruza Ibyanditswe, ibyo bikaba ari na byo biremereza cyane kiriya gitekerezo abantu bibeshyaho, cy’uko Bibiliya yaba yivuguruza ubwayo. (Reba ibiri mu gasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Urupfu n’ubugingo ni iki?”.) Nyamara si Imana, ahubwo ni umuntu ukwiriye kuryozwa iby’iyo mivurungano.—Yesaya 29:13. (Reba ibiri mu dusanduku dufite umutwe uvuga ngo “Izina ry’Imana muri Bibiliya.”)

MBESE TORAH (AMATEGEKO YA MOSE MURI RUSANGE) IRIMO “AMASURA MIRONGO IRINDWI”?

MURI Isirayeli, ntibitangaje muri iki gihe kumva abantu basubira mu mugani w’Abayahudi waje kuba kimomo, ngo “Torah ifite amasura mirongo irindwi,” bishaka kuvuga ko bizera ko Ibyanditswe bishobora gusobanurwa mu buryo butandukanye, n’ubwo bwaba buvuguruzanya. Ibyo kandi babona ko ari ko bimeze haba ku bihereranye n’amategeko yanditse cyangwa se ayo bita amategeko atanditse. Igitabo cyitwa The Encyclopedia of Judaism kiragira kiti “Amategeko atanditse nta bwo ari ihame ridakuka; akubiyemo ibitekerezo byinshi bitandukanye, ndetse binavuguruzanya. Dore ibyo abantu b’abanyabwenge bagiye babivugaho muri aya magambo ngo ‘byose uko byakabaye ni amagambo y’Imana ihoraho’” (Ku ipaji ya 532). Nyamara se, byaba bihuje n’ubwenge kumva ko Imana yaba yarahumetse ibintu bivuguruzanya kandi birangwamo amacakubiri? Ni gute abantu baje kwemera bene ibyo bintu bivuguruzanya?

Mu gihe cyose Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo byarimo byandikwa (uhereye ahagana mu wa 1513 kugeza ahagana mu wa 443 Mbere ya Yesu) hari abantu basizwe, bari bahagarariye Imana bagiye bakemura ibibazo by’amakimbirane, akenshi babifashijwemo n’Imana ubwayo yagaragazaga ko ibashyigikiye mu kubaha imbaraga zayo cyangwa se mu gusohoza ubuhanuzi yabaga yabatumye kugeza ku bantu (Kuva 28:30; Kubara 16:1–17:15 [16:1-50, NW]; 27:18-21; Gutegeka 18:20-22). Muri icyo gihe iyo hagiraga umuntu wigishaga ibintu bivuguruzanya cyangwa agasobanura ibintu uko bitari, ntabwo yabonwaga nk’intiti, ahubwo bamufataga nk’umuhakanyi. Imana yaburiye ishyanga ryose iti “icyo mbategeka cyose mujye mucyitondera mucyumvira; ntimukacyongereho, ntimukakigabanyeho.”—Gutegeka 12:32.

Icyakora, haje kugera igihe habaho ihinduka mu mitekerereze y’ishyanga rya Isirayeli. Abafarisayo, ari na bo baje kuba ibihangange cyane mu idini ya Kiyahudi mu kinyejana cya mbere Nyuma ya Yesu, baje gukurikiza inyigisho za “Torah Itanditse” bari barishyiriyeho mu binyejana bibiri byari bishize. Bigishaga ko uretse guha ishyanga rya Isirayeli Amategeko yanditse, ku musozi Sinai, Imana yanaboneyeho kubaha n’amategeko atanditse. Dukurikije iyo myizerere rero, ngo amategeko atanditse yahumetswe n’Imana asobanura neza kandi akanumvikanisha neza ibintu byose bigize amategeko yanditse, ibintu Imana itashatse ko Mose yandika. Amategeko atanditse ntiyagombaga kwandikwa ahubwo ngo yagombaga kujya ahererekanywa mu bantu, mu magambo gusa, kuva ku mwigisha kugera ku mwigishwa, uhereye mu gisekuruza kimwe ukageza mu kindi. Ibyo byaheshaga Abafarisayo ubutware bwihariye, dore ko bavugaga ko ari bo bashinzwe kurinda ayo mategeko atanditse.g

Nyuma yo gusenywa k’urusengero mu wa 70 Nyuma ya Yesu, iyo mitekerereze y’Abafarisayo yaje gusa n’aho itsinze, ku buryo mbese idini rya Kiyahudi ryaje kwiganzamo ba rabi (intiti mu mategeko ya Kiyahudi), ibyo bikaba byari bitandukanye n’uko byari bisanzwe.h Kubera ubwo buryo bushya bwo guha agaciro gakomeye ba rabi aho kugaha abatambyi n’abahanuzi, amategeko atanditse yaje kuba igice cy’ingenzi cyane kigize idini ya Kiyahudi. Nk’uko igitabo The Encyclopedia of Judaism kibivuga: “Byageze ubwo Torah Itanditse ifatwa nk’aho ari yo ikomeye cyane kurusha Torah Yanditse ngo kubera ko gusobanura no gusobanukirwa Torah yanditse bishingiye kuri Torah Itanditse.”—1989, ku ipaji ya 710.

Uko ba rabi bakomezaga kugenda bihesha icyubahiro ni na ko imigenzo yakomeje kugenda ihabwa intebe, ku buryo n’amabwiriza abuzanya gushyira mu nyandiko ayo mategeko atanditse, yaje gutsindagirizwa cyane. Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya kabiri no mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya gatatu Nyuma ya Yesu, uwitwa Judah Ha-Nasi (135-219) yaje kwandika igitabo cyitwa the Mishnah gikubiyemo ibihereranye n’amategeko atanditse y’imigenzo ya ba rabi. Ibindi bintu byaje kongerwaho babyise Tosefta. Ku rwabo ruhande, ba rabi baje kumva ko ari ngombwa kugira icyo bavuga kuri Mishnah, ku buryo ibyo bisobanuro by’amategeko atanditswe byaje kuvamo umubumbe minini cyane ugizwe n’ibitabo byinshi, uwo mubumbe ukaba wariswe Gemara (wanditswe kuva mu kinyejana cya gatatu kugeza mu kinyejana cya gatanu). Ibyo bitabo byose hamwe byaje kwitwa Talmud. Kugeza ubu, abantu baracyagira icyo bavuga kuri iyo mitekerereze ya ba rabi. Ubwo bidashoboka se guhuza ubu buryo bwo kubona ibintu butandukanye cyane gutyo, mbese hari uwo byatangaza kumva ko hari benshi bahitamo kuvuga ngo “Torah ifite amasura mirongo irindwi”?

g Iyo myigishirize, yatangijwe n’Abafarisayo, ntiyemewe n’abenshi mu bariho icyo gihe hakubiyemo n’ishyanga ry’Abayahudi. Abasadukayo, bari bagizwe ahanini n’abatambyi, kimwe n’abantu bo muri Essene bo mu kinyejana cya mbere, banze icyo gitekerezo cy’Abafarisayo. Muri iki gihe, Abakaraite (siyansi yo mu kinyejana cya munani), kimwe n’amatsinda y’abantu baharaniraga ko ibintu byahinduka kandi batsimbarara ku idini ya Kiyahudi, ntibemera ko ayo mategeko atanditse yaba yarahumetswe n’Imana. Nyamara, idini ya Orutodogisi ya Kiyahudi yo ngo yumva ayo mategeko y’imigenzo yarahumetswe kandi agomba gukurikizwa.

h Igitabo cyitwa Encyclopaedia Judaica kiragira kiti “izina rabi rikomoka ku ijambo rav, ari na ryo risobanura mu Giheburayo cya Bibiliya ngo ‘ukomeye’ ariko rikaba nta ho rigaragara muri Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo.”

AMATEGEKO ATANDITSE YARI HEHE . . .

. . . igihe Mose yasubiraga mu mategeko y’Imana ayabwira ishyanga ryose rya Isirayeli? Ishyanga ryaje kwemera gukurikiza ibyo yari amaze gusubiramo, nuko Mose “yandika amagambo y’Uwiteka yose.”—Kuva 24:3, 4.

. . . igihe Yosuwa yakoranyaga ishyanga rya Isirayeli bamaze kugera mu Gihugu cy’Isezerano maze akongera kubasomera ya magambo bari bariyemeje gukurikiza? “Nta jambo na rimwe mu yo Mose yategetse yose, Yosuwa atasomeye imbere y’iteraniro rya Isiraeli.”—Yosuwa 8:35.

. . . igihe ‘igitabo cy’amategeko cya Mose’ cyari cyarabuze cyaje kuboneka mu rusengero igihe barimo barusana, ku ngoma y’umwami Yosiya? Mu gihe barimo bamusomera ibikuyemo, umwami Yosiya yashishimuye imyambaro ye kubera agahinda yari atewe n’uko mu bisekuruza byinshi byari bimaze guhita, ayo mategeko atari yarubahirijwe nk’uko yari yanditse. Yakoze ku buryo Pasika yongera kujya yizihizwa, dore ko yari yarirengagijwe ntijye yizihizwa buri gihe uko bikwiriye mu gihe cyose cy’abami n’abacamanza bababanjirije. None se ayo mategeko atanditse yo mu magambo ‘atangwa mu budahemuka’ yari hehe muri icyo gihe cy’imyaka amagana n’amagana? Iyo aza kuba yarabayeho, ntabwo aba yarahise azimangatana. Ibintu biri mu nyandiko kandi bibitswe neza ni byo byonyine byafashije ishyanga kongera kwiga uburyo bwo gukora ibyo Imana ishaka.—2 Abami 22:8–23:25.

. . . igihe umuhanuzi Yeremiya yagiraga ati “kuko uhereye ku muto ukageza ku mukuru wo muri bo umuntu wese yitanze gushaka indamu mbi, uhereye ku muhanuzi ukageza ku mutambyi, umuntu wese akora iby’uburiganya” (Yeremiya 6:13)? Mu gice kinini cy’amateka y’ishyanga rya Isirayeli, bene iyo mimerere yo mu buryo bw’umwuka ni yo yarangaga abayobozi b’iryo shyanga, cyane cyane abatambyi, kandi ari bo bari bafite inshingano yo kwigisha amategeko (Malaki 2:7, 8). Ibintu byanditse byo birisobanura ubwabyo, ariko se nk’abantu b’abahemu gutyo bashoboraga koko gutegerezwaho kuba ari bo babungabunga mu budahemuka amategeko atanditse yo mu magambo?

. . . mu gihe cy’imyaka isaga igihumbi Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo byanditswemo? Uhereye kuri Mose ukageza kuri Malaki, nta hantu na hamwe havugwa ibya bene ayo mategeko atanditse yo mu magambo. Hashize nk’imyaka magana angahe gusa, mu gihe cya ba rabi (intiti mu mategeko ya Kiyahudi), ubwo amadini yashyamiranaga apfa ubuyobozi n’ubutware bw’ishyanga rya Kiyahudi, ni bwo hagaragaye iyo mitekerereze. Mbese ibyo binyejana byose byahise nta kanunu kabyo, n’ibihamya duhabwa n’Ibyanditswe byahumetswe n’Imana, si ibigaragaza neza ko iby’uko amategeko atanditse yo magambo yaba yarahumetswe n’Imana nta shingiro bifite?

¹⁷ Ibinyuranye n’ibisobanuro bivuguruzanya by’abantu, Bibiliya yo ubwayo irisobanura kandi ikwiriye kwiringirwa. Imana yaduhaye ibihamya byinshi, mu Ijambo ryayo, by’uko amahoro ku isi avugwa muri Yesaya 2:2-4 atari inzozi gusa ko ahubwo agiye kuzaba ihame ridakuka. Nta wundi uretse Imana yonyine, Imana y’ubuhanuzi, Imana ya Bibiliya, izasohoza iryo sezerano.

a Byagombye kumvikana neza ko “iminsi” itandatu y’irema itareba ibivugwa mu Itangiriro 1:1, kubera ko ho havuga ibihereranye n’iremwa ry’ibiremwa byo mu ijuru. Byongeye kandi, ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwemo “umunsi” rituma umuntu atekereza ko ibintu bivugwa mu Itangiriro 1:3-31 byabayeho mu gihe cy’‘ibihe’ bitandatu bishobora kuba byaramaze imyaka ibihumbi byinshi.—Gereranya n’Itangiriro 2:4.

b Ingero, reba igitabo “Ese Bibiliya irivuguruza?”

c Ibibazo bigoranye bihereranye n’iby’imanza byakemurwaga hakurikijwe uburyo bwo guca imanza bwumvikana neza (Gutegeka 17:8-11). Na ho ku bihereranye n’ibindi bibazo byose bikomeye kandi bisa n’aho bidasobanutse neza, aho ishyanga ryasabwaga gushakira igisubizo cy’Imana, si mu mihango y’abantu, ahubwo ni kuri Urimu na Tumimu byari bifitwe n’abatambyi.—Kuva 28:30; Abalewi 8:8; Kubara 27:18-21; Gutegeka 33:8-10.

d Hari abantu bamwe basanze mu Gutegeka 17:8-11 igitekerezo gisa n’igihereranye n’amategeko atanditse avugwa mu magambo gusa. Nyamara, nk’uko bigaragara mu magambo ari hasi ku ipaji ya 14, uwo murongo uvuga ibihereranye n’iby’imanza. Zirikana ko ikibazo kitari icyo kumenya niba imico itandukanye cyangwa se imigenzo yaba yarakomejwe cyangwa itarakomejwe uko ibinyejana byagiye bihita. Nta gushidikanya ko hari imigenzo imwe yakomejwe, nk’ihereranye n’uburyo bwihariye bwo kubona ibintu bimwe na bimwe bikubiye muri ayo Mategeko. Icyakora kuba umugenzo umaze igihe kirekire, si igihamya cy’uko ugomba kuba warahumetswe n’Imana. Urugero, ni nk’umugenzo waje kuvuka uhereranye n’inzoka y’umuringa.—Kubara 21:8, 9; 2 Abami 18:4.