Igice cya 7

Nimutangaze Umwami n’Ubwami bwe! (1919-1941)

“Ese mwizera ko Umwami w’ikuzo yatangiye gutegeka? Niba ari ko bimeze, cyo ngaho nimusubire mu murima, yemwe bana b’Imana Isumbabyose mwe! Mwambare intwaro zanyu. Mwite ku murimo, mube maso, mugire umwete, mube intwari. Mube abizerwa n’abahamya nyakuri b’Umwami. Muhatane ku rugamba, kugeza igihe Babuloni yose izahindukira umusaka. Mutangaze ubwo butumwa hose. Isi igomba kumenya ko Yehova ari we Mana, kandi ko Yesu Kristo ari Umwami w’abami n’Umutware w’abatware. Uyu ni umunsi uruta indi yose. Dore Umwami ari ku ngoma! Muri abakozi be bamwamamaza. Ku bw’ibyo rero, nimutangaze, mutangaze, mutangaze Umwami n’ubwami bwe.”

IRYO tumira ridasanzwe ryatanzwe na J. F. Rutherford mu ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryabereye i Cedar Point, muri leta ya Ohio, mu mwaka wa 1922, ryakoze ku mutima cyane abari bateranye. Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bavuye muri iryo koraniro bafite ishyaka rigurumana ryo gutangaza Umwami. Ariko mu myaka mike mbere yaho, icyizere cyo kuba abakozi batangaza Umwami cyasaga n’icyakendereye. J. F. Rutherford na bagenzi be barindwi bari bafunzwe kandi byasaga n’aho nta rundi ruhare bari kuzongera kugira mu buyobozi bw’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Ese byaje kugenda bite?

“Nzi itegeko ry’ubudahemuka”

Igihe umuvandimwe Rutherford na bagenzi be bari bafunzwe, hateguwe ikoraniro ryari kubera i Pittsburgh muri leta ya Pennsylvania, ku itariki ya 2 kugeza ku ya 5 Mutarama 1919. Ariko iryo ntiryari ikoraniro risanzwe, kuko ryari ryahurijwe hamwe n’inama ngarukamwaka y’abagize umuryango wa Watch Tower, yari kuba kuwa gatandatu tariki ya 4 Mutarama 1919. Umuvandimwe Rutherford yari azi neza ibintu by’ingenzi byari kwigirwa muri iyo nama. Kuwa gatandatu nyuma ya saa sita, yashatse umuvandimwe Macmillan maze amusanga ku kibuga cya tenisi cyo muri gereza. Reka Macmillan atubwire uko byagenze:“Rutherford yaramubwiye ati ‘Mac, hari icyo nshaka kukubwira.’

“‘Ni iki ushaka kumbwira?’

“‘Ndashaka kukubwira ibirimo bibera i Pittsburgh.’

“‘Ba uretse gato mbanze ndangize gukina.’

“‘Ese ntushishikajwe no kumenya ibirimo biba? Ntuzi ko uyu munsi hari amatora y’abayobozi b’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society? Ushobora kutazongera gutorwa, maze tukibagirana tukazahera muri gereza.’

“Naramushubije nti ‘Rutherford, reka nkubwire ikintu ushobora kuba utarigeze utekerezaho. Ubu ni bwo bwa mbere kuva umuryango wa Watch Tower Society washingwa, hagiye kugaragara neza uwo Yehova Imana ashaka ko aba perezida.’

“‘Ubwo se ushatse kuvuga iki?’

“‘Ndashaka kuvuga ko umuvandimwe Russell ari we wayoboraga amatora kandi agashyiraho n’abandi bayobozi b’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. None kuba ubu twese tudahari, ibintu biri buze guhinduka. Ariko turamutse tuvuye muri gereza tukajya muri iryo koraniro iyo nama itaraba, tuhageze twakwemererwa gusimbura umuvandimwe Russell kandi tukubahwa nk’uko yubahwaga. Ibyo byaba bisa naho ari umurimo w’abantu, atari umurimo w’Imana.’

“Rutherford yaranyitegereje, maze ahita yigendera.”

Uwo munsi, abantu bari muri iyo nama y’i Pittsburgh bari bahangayitse. Sara C. Kaelin wakuriye i Pittsburgh, yibuka ko abantu “bamaze igihe bari mu rujijo, batumvikana kandi batongana. Hari bamwe bashakaga kwimura iyo nama ikazaba nyuma y’amezi atandatu; hari n’abibazaga niba amategeko yemera ko umuntu ufunze yatorwa; abandi bo bumvaga ko hatorwa abandi bayobozi bashya.”

Nyuma y’impaka zamaze igihe kirekire, W. F. Hudgings wari uhagarariye undi muryango wakoreshwaga n’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya (Association de la Tribune du peuple)a yasomeye abari aho ibaruwa umuvandimwe Rutherford yanditse. Yari yoherereje intashyo zuje urukundo abari muri iyo nama bose. Yabahaye umuburo ugira uti “intwaro za Satani ni UBWIBONE, KURARIKIRA n’UBWOBA.” Nanone yagaragaje ko yifuzaga ko ibintu bigenda nk’uko Yehova ashaka, ndetse yicisha bugufi atanga igitekerezo cy’abo yabonaga mu bari muri iyo nama, bavamo abakandida batorerwa kuyobora umuryango wa Watch Tower Society mu gihe byaba ngombwa gutora abayobozi bashya.

Bakomeje kujya impaka igihe kirekire, maze E. D. Sexton wari uhagarariye komite ishinzwe amatora, afata ijambo aravuga ati

“Ni bwo nkihagera. Gari ya moshi najemo yakerereweho amasaha 48 bitewe n’urubura rwinshi rwaguye. Hari icyo nifuzaga kubabwira kandi sinatuza ntarakivuga. Bavandimwe nkunda, naje muri iyi nama, kimwe namwe, mfite ibitekerezo bitandukanye: hari ibyo nemera, hari n’ibyo ntemera. . . . Nta mategeko atubuza gukora icyatuzanye. Nkurikije inama [zihuje n’amategeko] nagiriwe, mbona niduhitamo kongera gutora abavandimwe bacu bari [muri gereza] mu majyepfo ngo bahabwe imyanya bashoboye, nta cyo byahindura ku rubanza bafite mu rukiko cyangwa uko rubanda bababona.

“Numva ishimwe riruta irindi twaha umuvandimwe wacu dukunda Rutherford, ari ukongera kumutorera kuba perezida w’umuryango wa W[atch] T[ower] B[ible] & T[ract] Society. Ndumva n’abantu bose bazi neza aho duhagaze kuri icyo kibazo. Niba mu buryo runaka hari itegeko abavandimwe bacu barenzeho, twe tuzi ko bari bafite intego nziza. Kandi imbere y’[Imana] Ishoborabyose, nta tegeko na rimwe bishe, ryaba iry’Imana cyangwa iry’abantu. Mu by’ukuri twongeye gutora umuvandimwe Rutherford akaba perezida, twaba tumugaragarije ko tumufitiye icyizere byimazeyo.

“Si ndi umunyamategeko, ariko ku birebana no kumenya niba ikintu runaka gihuje n’ibyo amategeko asaba, nzi itegeko ry’ubudahemuka. Imana idusaba kuba indahemuka. Sinumva ubundi buryo twagaragazamo icyizere tumufitiye, buruta KONGERA GUTORA UMUVANDIMWE RUTHERFORD NGO ABE PEREZIDA.”

Ibyo umuvandimwe Sexton yavuze, yari abihuriyeho n’abenshi mu bari muri iyo nama. Hatanzwe abakandida, amatora araba, maze J. F. Rutherford atorerwa kuba perezida, C. A. Wise aba visi perezida naho W. E. Van Amburgh aba umunyamabanga n’umubitsi.

Bukeye bwaho umuvandimwe Rutherford yakomanze ku rukuta rw’icyumba Macmillan yari afungiyemo, aramubwira ati “sohora ukuboko.” Ahita ahereza Macmillan telegaramu ivuga ko Rutherford yongeye gutorerwa kuba perezida. Nyuma y’igihe ibyo bibaye, Macmillan yaravuze ati “yari ashimishijwe cyane no kubona gihamya y’uko Yehova ari we uyobora umuryango wa Watch Tower Society.”

Amatora yari arangiye, ariko umuvandimwe Rutherford na bagenzi be barindwi bari bakiri muri gereza.

‘Hirya no hino bagaragaje ko batishimiye’ gufungwa kw’abo bavandimwe

Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Mata 1919, waranditse uti “muri ibi byumweru bishize, hirya no hino mu gihugu abantu bagaragaje ko batishimiye gufungwa kw’abo bavandimwe.” Hari n’ibinyamakuru byasabye ko J. F. Rutherford na bagenzi be bafungurwa. Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bo hirya no hino muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, bagaragaje ko bashyigikiye abo bavandimwe boherereza inzandiko abanditsi b’ibinyamakuru, abadepite, abasenateri na ba guverineri, babasaba kugira icyo bakora kugira ngo abavandimwe umunani bari bafunzwe bafungurwe. Byaragaragaraga ko Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batari gutuza abavandimwe babo umunani batarafungurwa.

Muri Werurwe 1919, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika banditse urwandiko rwasinyweho n’abantu benshi cyane, rwasabaga perezida Woodrow Wilson gukoresha ububasha bwe kugira ngo nibura akorere abari bafunzwe kimwe muri ibi:

“ICYA MBERE: Kubababarira burundu niba bishoboka, CYANGWA

“ICYA KABIRI: Gutegeka Minisiteri y’Ubutabera guhagarika urwo rubanza, maze bagafungurwa burundu, CYANGWA

“ICYA GATATU: Bahite bemererwa gutanga ingwate barekurwe by’agateganyo, mu gihe bategereje umwanzuro wa nyuma uzafatwa n’inkiko zisumbuye.”

Mu byumweru bibiri, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bamaze kubona abantu 700.000 bashyira umukono kuri urwo rwandiko. Icyakora urwo rwandiko ntirwigeze rushyikirizwa perezida cyangwa guverinoma. Kubera iki? Impamvu ni uko mbere y’uko rwoherezwa, abo bavandimwe bafunguwe by’agateganyo hatanzwe ingwate. None se gusaba abo bantu bose gushyira umukono kuri urwo rwandiko byagize akahe kamaro? Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1919, waranditse uti “dufite gihamya idakuka y’uko Umwami yifuzaga ko dukora icyo gikorwa, atari ukugira ngo gusa abavandimwe barekurwe, ahubwo no kugira ngo ukuri kumenyekane.”

“Tubahaye ikaze bavandimwe bacu”

Kuwa kabiri tariki ya 25 Werurwe, ba bavandimwe umunani bavuye mu mugi wa Atlanta bajya i Brooklyn. Inkuru y’uko barekuwe yahise ikwira hose. Byari ibintu bishimishije cyane. Icyo gihe Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bakoraniraga aho gari ya moshi yari itwaye abo bavandimwe yagombaga kugenda ihagarara, bashaka kubabona ngo babereke ko bishimiye cyane ko bari barekuwe. Abandi bo bahise bajya i Brooklyn, kuri ya Beteli yari yarafunzwe, kugira ngo bategure uko bari bwakire abo bavandimwe. Abo bavandimwe barekuwe ari uko bemerewe gutanga ingwate y’amadolari 10.000 kuri buri muntu, bagera i Brooklyn ku itariki ya 26 Werurwe.

Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1919, waravuze uti “bakihagera bakiriwe n’incuti nyinshi zihita zibaherekeza bajya kuri Beteli, aho basanze abantu bari hagati ya 500 na 600 baje kubakira.” Mu cyumba cyo kuriramo, hari umwenda munini wanditseho amagambo agira ati “Tubahaye ikaze bavandimwe bacu.” Nyuma y’imyaka igera hafi kuri 50, Mabel Haslett wari uhari icyo gihe yaravuze ati “ndibuka ko nakoze amandazi ijana, kandi yaryoheye abo bavandimwe bari bamaze amezi icyenda muri gereza. Na n’ubu ndacyibuka umuvandimwe Rutherford ayakoramo akarya. Kumva inkuru z’ibyabayeho, ni ibintu bitazibagirana. Nanone ndacyibuka umuvandimwe mugufi witwaga DeCecca, ahagaze ku ntebe kugira ngo bose babashe kumwumva no kumureba.”

Kuwa kabiri mu gitondo tariki ya 1 Mata, Rutherford yageze i Pittsburgh, aho icyicaro gikuru cyari cyarimuriwe. Abavandimwe baho bamenye ko ari buze, maze na bo bategura umunsi mukuru wo kumwakira, wabereye muri Hotel Chatham nimugoroba. Icyakora, imibereho mibi yo muri gereza yari yaragize ingaruka ku buzima bw’umuvandimwe Rutherford. Yari yaratangiye kurwara indwara y’ibihaha, kandi amaze gufungurwa yarwaye umusonga araremba. Kubera ko yarushijeho kuremba, byabaye ngombwa ko yimukira muri leta ya Kaliforuniya kuko yari ahafite bene wabo.

Igerageza ryakorewe i Los Angeles

Ubu se ko Rutherford na bagenzi be bari barekuwe, byari kugenda bite ku murimo wo gutangaza Ubwami bw’Imana? Igihe abo bavandimwe bari muri gereza, byasaga n’aho nta gahunda yariho yo kugenzura uko umurimo wo kubwiriza ukorwa. Inzu yitwaga Ihema ry’Ibonaniro ry’i Brooklyn yari yaragurishijwe kandi na Beteli yari yarafunzwe. Ahari icyicaro gikuru i Pittsburgh hari hato, kandi nta mafaranga ahagije bari bafite. Ubundi se, abantu bitabiraga bate ubutumwa bw’Ubwami? Umuvandimwe Rutherford wari ukiri muri Kaliforuniya yafashe umwanzuro wo gukora igerageza kugira ngo abimenye.

Bateganyije inama yagombaga kubera mu cyumba cy’inama cy’inzu yari i Los Angeles (Clune’s Auditorium), ku cyumweru tariki ya 4 Gicurasi 1919. Abantu batumiriwe kuza kumva disikuru ivuga ngo “Ibyiringiro ku bantu bihebye.” Ariko kandi, iyo disikuru yagombaga gutangwa na J. F. Rutherford, wari uherutse gufungurwa. Rutherford yakoresheje ibinyamakuru bitandukanye kugira ngo yamamaze iyo disikuru. Yasezeranyije abari kuza kuyumva ko yari kubabwiza ukuri kandi agasobanura n’impamvu abayoboraga umuryango wa Watch Tower bafunzwe barengana. Ese hari abari gushishikazwa no kuza kumva iyo disikuru?

Iyo disikuru yitabiriwe n’abantu benshi cyane. Abantu 3.500 baje kumva iyo disikuru kandi abagera kuri 600 babuze imyanya basubirayo. Umuvandimwe Rutherford yari yishimye cyane. Yemeye ko kuwa mbere nijoro yari kuzasubiriramo iyo disikuru abo bantu bashubijweyo, kandi icyo gihe hateranye abagera ku 1.500. Icyakora yari arwaye cyane, ku buryo atashoboye kurangiza iyo disikuru. Nyuma y’isaha imwe, yasimbuwe na mugenzi we. Ariko igishimishije ni uko iryo gerageza ryatanze umusaruro. Rutherford yiboneye ko abantu bashishikajwe no kumenya ubutumwa bw’Ubwami, kandi yiyemeza kugira icyo akora ngo butangazwe.

Umurimo ukomeza kujya mbere

Muri Nyakanga 1919, Rutherford yagarutse ku kazi yakoraga ku cyicaro gikuru cy’i Pittsburgh. Mu mezi yakurikiyeho hakozwe ibintu byinshi. Batangiye kwitegura ikoraniro ry’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ryari kubera i Cedar Point, muri leta ya Ohio, ku itariki ya 1-8 Nzeri 1919. Icyicaro gikuru cyongeye gusubizwa i Brooklyn, batangira kuhakorera ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira.

None se ni iki bari bagiye gukora? Icyo bari gukora cyagaragaye neza mu ikoraniro ryabereye i Cedar Point. Kuwa kabiri tariki ya 2 Nzeri, umuvandimwe Rutherford yaravuze ati “inshingano y’Abakristo hano ku isi . . . ni ugutangaza ubutumwa bw’Umwami n’Ubwami bwe bukiranuka buzazanira imigisha ibyaremwe byose biniha.” Iminsi itatu nyuma yaho, kuwa gatanu tariki ya 5 Nzeri, umunsi wiswe ‘Umunsi w’abo dufatanyije umurimo,’ umuvandimwe Rutherford yaravuze ati “ubusanzwe iyo Umukristo ahuye n’ingorane aribaza ati ‘kuki ndi ku isi?’ Ariko ubu azajya yisubiza ati ‘Umwami yangiriye ubuntu angira ambasaderi wo kugeza ku batuye isi ubutumwa bwo kwiyunga, kandi inshingano yanjye ni ugutangaza ubwo butumwa.’”

Koko rero, igihe cyo gukora umurimo wo gutangaza Ubwami bw’Imana cyari kigeze. Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, umuvandimwe Rutherford yaratangaje ati “tubifashijwemo n’Umwami, twateganyije ko hazajya hasohoka igazeti nshya ubu yitwa NIMUKANGUKE!” Icyakora abari muri iryo koraniro ntibari bazi ukuntu iyo gazeti yari kuzabafasha mu murimo.

Herman L. Philbrick, waje muri iryo koraniro avuye mu mugi wa Boston, muri leta ya Massachusetts, yaravuze ati “iryo koraniro rya mbere ryabaye nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose ryatwongereye imbaraga cyane.” Kandi koko iryo koraniro ryabereye i Cedar Point, ryashishikarije Abigishwa ba Bibiliya kugira icyo bakora. Bahavuye biteguye gutangaza ubutumwa bwiza. Bumvaga bameze nk’abazutse.—Gereranya na Ezekiyeli 37:1-14; Ibyahishuwe 11:11, 12.

Hagati aho hari ibintu bikomeye byarimo biba ku isi. Amasezerano y’i Versailles yashyizweho umukono ku itariki ya 28 Kamena 1919, atangira gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku itariki ya 10 Mutarama 1920. Ayo masezerano yahagaritse ibitero byagabwe ku Budage, ahagarika n’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose. Nanone hashyizweho Umuryango w’Amahanga wo kubungabunga amahoro ku isi.

‘Nimutangaze Umwami n’Ubwami bwe’

Mu mwaka wa 1922, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya basubiye i Cedar Point mu ikoraniro ryamaze iminsi icyenda (5-13 Nzeri). Abari baje muri iryo koraniro mpuzamahanga bari bishimye bidasanzwe. Ikoraniro ryageze aho rishyushye cyane kuwa gatanu tariki ya 8 Nzeri, igihe umuvandimwe Rutherford yatangaga disikuru ivuga ngo “Ubwami.”

Umuvandimwe Thomas J. Sullivan yaravuze ati “abari baje muri iryo koraniro, na n’ubu bashobora kwibuka amagambo umuvandimwe Rutherford yavuze yinginga abari babujijwe amahwemo n’icyokere cyari gihari. Yarababwiye ati ‘NIMWICARE’ kandi ‘MUTEGE AMATWI’ disikuru kugeza irangiye.” Abamwumviye, byabagiriye akamaro kuko muri iyo disikuru itazibagirana mu mateka umuvandimwe Rutherford yatanze, ari bwo yasabye abari bamuteze amatwi ‘gutangaza Umwami n’Ubwami bwe.’

Abari bateranye barishimye cyane. Umunara w’Umurinzi waravuze uti “buri wese mu bari aho yasobanukiwe neza inshingano ireba umuntu wese wiyeguriye Umwami, ko kuva icyo gihe bagombaga kujya batangaza Umwami n’Ubwami bwe.” Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bavuye muri iryo koraniro bafite ishyaka rigurumana ryo kubwiriza. Mushiki wacu witwa Ethel Bennecoff, icyo gihe wari umukoruporuteri uri hafi kugira imyaka 30 yaravuze ati “twasabwe ‘gutangaza, gutangaza, gutangaza Umwami n’Ubwami bwe,’ tukabikora tubikunze kandi tubishishikariye kurusha ikindi gihe cyose.”

Uko umucyo wo mu buryo bw’umwuka warushagaho kumurika, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batangiye gusobanukirwa ukuri gushishikaje ko mu Byanditswe (Imig 4:18). Gusobanukirwa uko kuri kw’agaciro byabongereye imbaraga mu murimo wo kubwiriza Ubwami bw’Imana. Icyo gihe, bagombaga guhindura uko babonaga ibintu, kandi koko ibyo hari abo byabereye ikigeragezo.

‘Kwizera ibintu ntibibe si ibya none’

Agatabo kasohotse mu wa 1920, kavugaga ko abantu babarirwa muri za miriyoni bariho batari kuzigera bapfa, karimo amagambo agira ati “dushobora kwizera ko mu mwaka wa 1925, ari bwo Aburahamu, Isaka na Yakobo n’abandi bahanuzi b’indahemuka babayeho kera bazazuka . . . bakaba abantu batunganye.” Si uwo muzuko w’abagabo b’indahemuka gusa bari biteze muri uwo mwaka, kuko hari n’abiringiraga ko muri uwo mwaka, ari bwo Abakristo basutsweho umwuka bari guhabwa ingororano yabo mu ijuru.b

Umwaka wa 1925 warageze, uranashira bitabaye. Hari abahise batakaza ibyiringiro byabo. Ariko abenshi mu Bigishwa ba Bibiliya bakomeje kuba indahemuka. Herald Toutjian wari ufite nyirakuru na sekuru babaye Abigishwa ba Bibiliya mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20, yaravuze ati “umuryango wacu waje gusobanukirwa ko kwizera ibintu ntibibe atari ibya none. N’intumwa zigeze kwizera ko ibintu runaka bizaba ariko ntibyaba. . . . Yehova yishimira abamukorera mu budahemuka kandi bakamusingiza batitaye ku ngororano azabaha.”—Gereranya n’Ibyakozwe 1:6, 7.

Ese uyu muryango ni uwa Satani cyangwa ni uwa Yehova?

Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1925, warimo ingingo ishishikaje ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ishyanga rivuka.” Iyo ngingo yasobanuraga mu buryo burambuye igice cya 12 cyo mu Byahishuwe, ariko ibyo bisobanuro hari abo bitanyuze.

Iyo ngingo yasobanuye imvugo y’ikigereranyo yakoreshejwe muri icyo gice: “umugore” wabyaye (umurongo wa 1, 2) agereranya “umuryango w’Imana [wo mu ijuru]”; “ikiyoka” (umurongo wa 3) kigereranya “umuryango wa Satani”; n’“umwana w’umuhungu” (umurongo wa 5) ugereranya “Ubwami bushya cyangwa ubutegetsi bushya.” Muri ibyo bisobanuro, harimo ikintu cyari kivuzwe ku ncuro ya mbere: hariho imiryango ibiri ihanganye, ni ukuvuga umuryango wa Yehova n’uwa Satani. Nanone nyuma y’‘intambara yabereye mu ijuru’ (umurongo wa 7) Satani n’abadayimoni be birukanywe mu ijuru bajugunywa ku isi.Earl E. Newell, waje kuba umugenzuzi usura amatorero, yaravuze ati “twaraye twicaye twiga iyo ngingo kugeza igihe tuyisobanukiwe neza. Twagiye mu ikoraniro ryabereye mu mugi wa Portland, muri leta ya Oregon, dusanga incuti zacu zose zarakaye, ndetse hari n’abashatse kujugunya iyo gazeti yarimo iyo ngingo.” Kuki hari bamwe batahise bemera ibisobanuro byatanzwe ku gice cya 12 cy’Ibyahishuwe?

Impamvu ya mbere ni uko ibyo bisobanuro byari bitandukanye n’ibyari byarasohotse mu gitabo cyasobanuraga Ibyanditswe (Le mystère accompli), cyarimo ibyo umuvandimwe Russell yanditse atarapfa.c Walter J. Thorn wasuraga amatsinda y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya yaravuze ati “ibisobanuro byatanzwe muri iyo ngingo yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo ‘Ishyanga rivuka,’ . . . kubyemera byari bigoye, kubera ko twumvaga ko ibisobanuro umuvandimwe wacu Russell yari yaratanze ku gitabo cy’Ibyahishuwe bitagombye kuvuguruzwa.” Ntibitangaje rero kuba hari abasitajwe n’ibyo bisobanuro. J. A. Bohnet na we wasuraga amatsinda y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya yaravuze ati “tuvugishije ukuri, ibyo bisobanuro bishobora kuzagerageza ubudahemuka bwa benshi, ariko abantu b’imitima itaryarya kandi bicisha bugufi bazakomeza gushikama kandi bazishima.”

Icyakora abantu b’imitima itaryarya kandi bicisha bugufi bashimishijwe n’ibyo bisobanuro bishya. Ibyo bisobanuro byarumvikanaga neza; buri muntu afite umuryango abarizwamo: uwa Yehova cyangwa uwa Satani. Muri ya ngingo yavugaga ngo “Ishyanga rivuka,” harimo amagambo avuga ngo “tuzirikane ko dufite inshingano yo kurwanira ishyaka Umwami wacu, dutangaza ubutumwa yadushinze.”

Mu myaka ya 1920 n’iya 1930, hagiye hasohoka ibindi bisobanuro bishya kuri Bibiliya. Baretse kwizihiza iminsi mikuru y’isi imwe n’imwe, urugero nka Noheli. Nanone baretse imigenzo n’imyizerere imwe n’imwe babonaga ko ishingiye ku bintu Imana yanga.d Uretse kuba Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bararetse imigenzo n’imyizerere idakwiriye, bakomeje no kwishingikiriza kuri Yehova kugira ngo agende abahishurira ukuri.

“Muri abahamya banjye”

Yehova yaravuze ati “muri abahamya banjye, nanjye nkaba Imana” (Yes 43:12). Guhera mu myaka ya 1920, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batangiye kumva neza icyo ayo magambo yavuzwe n’umuhanuzi Yesaya asobanura. Umunara w’Umurinzi wagiye ugaruka ku nshingano dufite yo guhamya izina rya Yehova n’Ubwami bwe. Mu wa 1931, mu ikoraniro ryabereye mu mugi wa Columbus, muri leta ya Ohio, habaye ikintu kitazibagirana.

Ku cyumweru tariki ya 26 Nyakanga, mu ma saa sita, umuvandimwe Rutherford yatanze disikuru y’abantu bose ifite umutwe ngo “Ubwami ni bwo byiringiro by’abatuye isi.” Iyo disikuru yumvikanye ku maradiyo menshi, kandi iza gusubirwamo n’andi maradiyo arenga 300. Agiye gusoza iyo disikuru, umuvandimwe Rutherford yihanije amadini yiyita aya gikristo asoma umwanzuro ukaze warebaga “abategetsi na rubanda,” wagiraga uti “Mwumve umuburo uturuka kuri Yehova.” Abari aho basabwe gushyigikira uwo mwanzuro, maze barahaguruka bavuga mu ijwi riranguruye bati “Yego.” Nyuma haje ubutumwa buvuga ko n’abandi bantu benshi barikurikiranaga ku maradiyo na bo bunze mu ryabo babyemeza.

Kuva saa saba umuvandimwe Rutherford amaze gutanga disikuru y’abantu bose, kugera saa kumi igihe yongeraga kwinjira aho ikoraniro ryaberaga, abantu bari bafite amatsiko menshi cyane. Rutherford yari yasabye abantu bose bashishikajwe na disikuru yatanzwe saa sita iburira amadini yiyita aya gikristo, kuba bakiri mu myanya yabo saa kumi.

Saa kumi zuzuye, umuvandimwe Rutherford yatangiye avuga ko ibyo yari agiye kuvuga, byari kugirira akamaro umuntu wese wari umuteze amatwi. Abari bamuteze amatwi barushijeho kugira amatsiko y’iyo disikuru. Muri iyo disikuru yatanze ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Izina rishya,” yasomye undi mwanzuro. Iyo disikuru yashojwe n’amagambo avuga ngo “turifuza ko abantu bamenya ko guhera ubu twitwa Abahamya ba Yehova.” Nanone abari bateranye barishimye cyane maze barahaguruka baravuga bati “Yego!” Kuva icyo gihe batangiye kwitwa Abahamya ba Yehova.

“Umwuka wa Yehova watumye dushira amanga”

Mu mwaka wa 1927, Abahamya ba Yehova bashishikarijwe kujya bamara igice cy’umunsi wo ku cyumweru babwiriza bari mu matsinda. Ariko ntibatinze kurwanywa. Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho, batangiye gufungwa; muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika honyine, mu wa 1933 hafunzwe 268, mu wa 1934 hafungwa 340, mu wa 1935 hafungwa 478 na ho mu wa 1936 hafungwa 1.149. Baregwaga iki? Mu by’ukuri, baregwaga ibintu bitandukanye, harimo kugurisha ibintu nta burenganzira bafite, guhungabanya amahoro no kurenga ku mategeko agenga isabato yo ku cyumweru. Abo Bahamya ba Yehova ntibari bazi icyo bavuga biregura ku bapolisi cyangwa mu nkiko. Kubona abababuranira bo hafi y’aho batuye byari bihenze cyane cyangwa se ntibishoboke bitewe n’urwikekwe. Ibyo byatumye umuryango wa Watch Tower Society ushyiraho urwego rushinzwe iby’amategeko rukorera i Brooklyn, kugira ngo rujye rubagira inama.

Icyakora ibyo ubwabyo ntibyari bihagije. Abo Bahamya ba Yehova b’imitima itaryarya bari bariyemeje kubaho mu buryo buhuje n’iryo zina. Bityo, mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1930, biyemeje guhangana n’ibyo bitotezo. Mu buhe buryo? Bakoresheje uburyo budasanzwe bwo kubwiriza, amatorero menshi akabwiriza mu karere kamwe. Ababarirwa mu bihumbi bashyizwe mu matsinda atandukanye muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika hose. Iyo Abahamya bo mu mugi umwe bafungwaga bazize kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu, itsinda rimwe rigizwe n’amatorero menshi yo mu tundi turere ryazaga muri uwo mugi, rikahabwiriza mu buryo bunonosoye.e

Ubwo buryo bwo kubwiriza bwagiye bufasha cyane Abahamya bo mu turere babwirijemo. Muri buri karere, habaga hari abavandimwe bujuje ibisabwa bari baratojwe uko bashyikirana n’abategetsi. Ibyo byateye inkunga abavandimwe bari batuye mu duce dukunze kwibasirwa, wenda nko mu migi mito, kuko byatumaga bumva ko batari bonyine mu murimo wo kubwiriza.

Mu myaka ya 1930, kujya kubwiriza mu karere runaka uri mu itsinda rigizwe n’amatorero menshi byasabaga ubutwari. Icyo gihe ubukungu bwari bwifashe nabi cyane, kandi akazi kari karabaye ingume. Nyamara Nicholas Kovalak, wamaze imyaka 40 asura amatorero, yibuka ko “iyo byabaga ngombwa ko abavandimwe bajya kubwiriza mu gace runaka, umuvandimwe wabaga ahagarariye icyo gikorwa yitabazaga abavandimwe bakwitangira kujya kuhabwiriza. Abavandimwe babwirwaga ko batagombaga kujyayo niba baratinyaga gutakaza akazi kabo. . . . Igishimishije ni uko buri gihe ababisabwaga bose babyemeraga.” John Dulchinos, umugenzuzi wo mu mugi wa Springfield, muri leta ya Massachusetts, yaravuze ati “iyo myaka yari ishimishije cyane kandi itwibutsa ibintu byinshi byiza. Umwuka wa Yehova watumye dushira amanga.”

Hagati aho, hari ukuri ko muri Bibiliya kwari gutangiye gusobanuka, kwari kuzagira akamaro cyane mu murimo wo kubwiriza.

Abayonadabu bari bantu ki?

Mu mwaka wa 1932, hatanzwe ibisobanuro bivuga ko Yehonadabu (Yonadabu), wafashaga Umwami Yehu, agereranya itsinda ry’abantu bafite ibyiringiro byo kuzaba ku isi iteka (2 Abami 10:15-28).f Abayonadabu bumvaga batewe ishema no gukorana n’abagaragu ba Yehova basutsweho umwuka, kandi bishimiraga kugira uruhare mu murimo wo gutangaza Ubwami bafatanyije na bo. Ariko icyo gihe, nta mihati yihariye yari yarashyizweho yo gukorakoranya no gushyira kuri gahunda abantu bafite ibyiringiro byo kuzaba ku isi.

Icyakora, Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Kanama 1934 wateye inkunga abo mu itsinda rya Yonadabu. Ingingo yo muri iyo gazeti yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ubugwaneza bwe,” yarabajije iti “ese Abayonadabu bakwiriye kwiyegurira Umwami bakabatizwa? Igisubizo: birakwiriye rwose ko Abayonadabu biyegurira Imana kugira ngo bakore ibyo ishaka. Bitabaye ibyo, nta n’umwe wabona ubuzima bw’iteka. Kubatizwa mu mazi ni ikimenyetso cy’uko bitanze [cyangwa biyeguriye Imana] ngo bakore ibyo ishaka, kandi bakabikora ku bushake.” Abayonadabu barishimye cyane!

Hari ibindi bintu byari kubashimisha cyane byari bigiye kuza. Mu itumba ryakurikiyeho, kuva ku itariki ya 1 Mata 1935, inomero zitandukanye z’Umunara w’Umurinzi zasohotsemo itangazo rigira riti “Umunara w’Umurinzi urongera kwibutsa abasomyi bawo ko ikoraniro ry’Abahamya ba Yehova n’Abayonadabug rizabera i Washington, D.C., kuva ku itariki ya 30 Gicurasi kugeza ku ya 3 Kamena 1935.” Abayonadabu bari bategerezanyije amatsiko iryo koraniro.

Umutwe wa disikuru umuvandimwe Rutherford yatanze mu cyiciro cya nyuma ya saa sita, wavugaga iby’“Imbaga y’abantu benshi” yahanuwe mu Byahishuwe 7:9-17. Yasobanuye ko imbaga y’abantu benshi igizwe n’Abayonadabu bo muri iki gihe, babereye Yehova indahemuka kimwe n’abasutsweho umwuka. Abari bateze amatwi iyo disikuru barishimye cyane. Nk’uko uwatangaga iyo disikuru yabibasabye, Abayonadabu barahagurutse. Mushiki wacu Mildred Cobb wabatijwe mu mpeshyi yo mu mwaka wa 1908, yaravuze ati “abantu bamaze akanya bacecetse, hanyuma batera hejuru bishimye kandi bamara umwanya munini bakoma amashyi y’urufaya.”

Gusobanukirwa iyo nyigisho yo muri Bibiliya byatumye Abahamya ba Yehova barushaho kubwiriza. Mushiki wacu witwa Sadie Carpenter, wamaze imyaka irenga 60 ari umubwiriza w’igihe cyose, yaravuze ati “twasubiye mu mafasi yacu twiyemeje gushaka abo bantu bagereranywa n’intama bagombaga gukorakoranywa.” Nyuma yaho Igitabo Nyamwaka cy’Abahamya ba Yehova 1936 cyanditse ko “uko kuri bamenye kwatumye abavandimwe barushaho kugira ishyaka n’umwete mu murimo. Ku isi hose hatanzwe raporo zigaragaza ko abasigaye basutsweho umwuka bafite ishema ryo gutangariza abagize imbaga y’abantu benshi ubutumwa [bwiza], kandi bagakorera hamwe kugira ngo baheshe izina ry’Umwami ikuzo.” Kugira ngo barusheho gukora uwo murimo neza, mu mwaka wa 1936 hasohotse igitabo cyagaragazaga imigisha iboneka mu Byanditswe ihishiwe imbaga y’abantu benshi (Richesse).

Abagize imbaga y’abantu benshi biyeguriye Yehova bakabatizwa, na bo bari basobanukiwe umwanya wabo mu murimo wo kwamamaza Ubwami bw’Imana bakoranaga n’abasutsweho umwuka.

“Kizadufasha gukanira ya ndaya ishaje uruyikwiriye”

Mu myaka ya 1930, abo Bahamya barangwa n’ishyaka batangazaga ubutumwa butyaye bwashyiraga ahagaragara idini ry’ikinyoma. Ikoraniro ry’Abahamya ba Yehova ryabereye mu mugi wa Columbus muri leta ya Ohio, ku itariki ya 15-20 Nzeri 1937, ryabibafashijemo.

Kuwa gatandatu tariki ya 18 Nzeri, Rutherford amaze gutanga disikuru ya mbere ya saa sita, yatangaje ko hasohotse igitabo cyasobanuraga abanzi abo ari bo (Ennemis). Cyagaragaje ko idini ry’ikinyoma ari “umwanzi uhora ashaka kugirira abantu nabi.” Icyo gitabo cyavuze ko abayoboke b’idini ry’ikinyoma ari “ibikoresho bya Satani, baba babizi cyangwa batabizi.” Igihe Rutherford yatangarizaga abateranye ko icyo gitabo cyasohotse, yaravuze ati “nimugisoma muzibonera ko icyo gitabo gifite igifubiko gisa n’igitaka, kizadufasha gukanira ya ndaya ishaje uruyikwiriye.”h Abari aho bose bahise bakoma amashyi bishimye cyane.

Bamaze imyaka myinshi bakoresha ibyuma bisohora amajwi, ‘bakanira iyo ndaya ishaje uruyikwiriye.’ Ariko mu ikoraniro ryabaye mu wa 1937, hari ikintu gitangaje cyabaye ku birebana no gukoresha ibyo byuma. Umuvandimwe Elwood Lunstrum wari ufite imyaka 12 icyo gihe, yaravuze ati “muri iryo koraniro ni bwo twatangarijwe ko tugiye kujya dukoresha ibyo byuma tubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu. Twari dusanzwe tubijyana mu murimo, ariko twabyumvishaga abantu gusa iyo babaga bemeye kutwakira. . . . Muri iryo koraniro ryabereye mu mugi wa Columbus, ni bwo gahunda y’‘abapayiniya ba bwite’ yatangijwe. Abo bapayiniya ni bo bagombaga gufata iya mbere mu gukoresha ibyo byuma mu murimo wo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu, gusubira gusura abashimishijwe, no muri gahunda yo kubigisha Bibiliya, icyo gihe bitaga ‘icyigisho cy’icyitegererezo.’”

Abagaragu ba Yehova bavuye muri iryo koraniro bafite ibikenewe byose kugira ngo bakore umurimo wo kubwiriza. Bari bakeneye guterwa inkunga mu buryo bwose. Umwuka wo gukunda igihugu wagendaga wiyongera mu myaka ya 1930 watumye batotezwa, bibasirwa n’abantu babaga biremye udutsiko, bitewe n’uko hari abantu bari bariyemeje kubabuza guteranira hamwe no kubwiriza.

“Agatsiko k’amabandi”

Ibitotezo bikaze byaturukaga ku miryango ishamikiye kuri Kiliziya Gatolika. Ku itariki ya 2 Ukwakira 1938, Rutherford yatanze disikuru idaca ku ruhande yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ubutegetsi bw’igitugu bwa Fashisime cyangwa umudendezo.” Hakwirakwijwe kopi zibarirwa muri za miriyoni z’agatabo kasohotsemo iyo disikuru. Muri iyo disikuru, Rutherford yarondoye ibikorwa binyuranyije n’amategeko byakozwe bigaragaza ubumwe bwari hagati y’abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika y’i Roma na bamwe mu bategetsi.

Rutherford amaze kugaragaza uko kuri, yaravuze ati “iyo rubanda babwiwe ibintu bikorwa n’abantu bihisha inyuma y’amadini bashaka kubavutsa uburenganzira bwabo, abayobozi b’amadini bahita biyamira bati ‘ibyo ni ibinyoma! Mubafunge iminwa mubabuze kuvuga.’” Hanyuma yabajije abari aho ati “ese kubwira abantu ukuri ku byerekeye agatsiko k’amabandi kabayogoje ni bibi? Oya rwose! . . . Ese abagabo b’inyangamugayo bakwicecekera kandi babona agatsiko k’amabandi kavutsa abantu uburenganzira bwabo? Uretse n’ibyo se, birakwiriye ko abantu bavutswa uburenganzira bahawe n’Imana bwo guteranira hamwe mu mahoro, ubwo gusenga Imana Ishoborabyose, ubwo gutangaza Ubwami bwayo no gushyira ahabona ababurwanya?”

Nyuma y’aho Rutherford avugiye ayo magambo atyaye, imiryango ishamikiye kuri Kiliziya Gatolika yakomeje gutoteza Abahamya hirya no hino muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Abahamya ba Yehova batangije urugamba rwo guharanira uburenganzira bwabo bwo gusenga no kubwiriza. Ariko ibintu byarushijeho kuzamba igihe isi yose yirohaga mu ntambara. Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu bihugu bitandukanye byo mu Burayi, muri Afurika no muri Aziya, batangiye gufungwa umusubizo.

“Buri wese yifuzaga kujya i St. Louis”

Norman Larson, wari uherutse gutangira umurimo w’igihe cyose, yaravuze ati “mu mwaka wa 1941, twese twumvaga ko ibintu byari kuba bibi bitewe n’uko intambara yarimo ica ibintu i Burayi. Icyo gihe buri wese yifuzaga kujya i St. Louis.” Kubera iki? Impamvu ni uko ku itariki ya 6-10 Kanama 1941, mu mugi wa St. Louis muri leta ya Missouri, hari hagiye kubera Ikoraniro rya Gitewokarasi ry’Abahamya ba Yehova. Kandi koko “buri wese” yaraje. Aho amakoraniro yabereye hari huzuye. Abapolisi bavuze ko ugereranyije hari abantu barenga 115.000.

Kuva ku munsi wa mbere, amadisikuru yatanzwe muri iryo koraniro yari aziye igihe. Umuvandimwe Rutherford yabanje gutanga disikuru y’ifatizo ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ubudahemuka.” Umuvandimwe Hazel Burford wamaze imyaka igera kuri 40 ari umumisiyonari, kugeza igihe yapfiriye mu wa 1983, yaravuze ati “iyo disikuru yatumye turushaho gusobanukirwa neza impamvu Yehova yemeye ko ibitotezo bikaze bigera ku bagaragu be bo ku isi hose.” Igitabo Nyamwaka cy’Abahamya ba Yehova 1942 cyanditse kuri iryo koraniro kigira kiti “abari bateranye bose biboneye ko hari inshingano ikomeye yo kubwiriza bagombaga gusohoza, kandi gukomeza kuyisohoza byari kurinda ubudahemuka bwabo, nubwo bangwaga n’abantu bose n’ubutegetsi.”

Ku cyumweru tariki ya 10 Kanama, wari umunsi udasanzwe, wiswe “Umunsi w’Abana.” Igihe icyiciro cya mbere ya saa sita cyari gitangiye, abana bagera ku 15.000 bafite imyaka iri hagati ya 5 na 18, bari bicaye hamwe mu mwanya bari bateganyirijwe imbere ya podiyumu. Hari n’abandi bari hafi ya parikingi, aho abantu batari bashoboye kwinjira bari bicaye bakurikirana za disikuru. Umuvandimwe Rutherford, icyo gihe wari uri mu kigero cy’imyaka 70, yazamutse kuri podiyumu, abana barishima cyane bakoma amashyi. Yazamuye mushwari ye arabapepera maze ba bana na bo baramupepera. Yatanze disikuru ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abana b’Umwami,” mu ijwi rituje ryuzuye ubugwaneza. Amaze isaha irenga atanga iyo disikuru abwira abantu muri rusange, noneho yibanze ku bana bari bicaye mu myanya yabateganyirijwe.

Yakomeje kuvuga ahanze amaso abo bana bari imbere ye bakeye mu maso ati “bana . . . mwebwe mwese mwemeye gukora ibyo Imana ishaka, mukemera gushyigikira ubutegetsi bwa gitewokarasi buyobowe na Kristo Yesu, kandi mukaba mwaremeye kumvira Imana n’Umwami yashyizeho, nimuhaguruke.” Abo bana bahagurikiye icyarimwe. Uwatangaga disikuru yavuze yishimye ati “nimurebe, dore Abahamya bashya b’Ubwami basaga 15.000!” Abantu bakomye amashyi y’urufaya. Yarakomeje ati “mwebwe mwese abiteguye gukora ibishoboka byose ngo mubwire abandi ibirebana n’Ubwami bw’Imana n’imigisha buzazana, nimuvuge muti ‘Yego.’” Bashubije mu ijwi riranguruye bati “Yego!”

Noneho ibyo byarushijeho kuba byiza, igihe Rutherford yatangazaga ko hasohotse igitabo gishya kigenewe abana (Enfants), maze abari aho bose bakoma amashyi bishimye cyane. Ako kanya abo bana batonze umurongo muremure bagana kuri podiyumu, maze uwo mugabo muremure watangaga disikuru, afatanya n’abandi kubaha ibyo bitabo. Abenshi mu babibonye bararize.

Abenshi muri abo bana bari bateranye kuri icyo cyumweru, “Yego” yabo yakomeje kuba “Yego.” Abo ni nka LaVonne Krebs, Merton Campbell, Eugene na Camilla Rosam bari muri abo bana bahawe icyo gitabo kigenewe abana. Mu wa 1992, bari bagikora ku cyicaro gikuru cy’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, bamaze imyaka 51, 49, 49, na 48 mu murimo w’igihe cyose. Abandi bo bagiye gukorera umurimo w’ubumisiyonari mu bindi bihugu, urugero nka Eldon Deane (muri Boliviya), Richard na Peggy Kelsey (mu Budage), Ramon Templeton (mu Budage), na Jennie Klukowski (muri Burezili). Rwose ibyabaye kuri icyo cyumweru mu gitondo i St. Louis ni ibintu bitazibagirana mu mitima ya benshi.

Ku cyumweru nyuma ya saa sita, umuvandimwe Rutherford yabwiye abari bateranye amagambo yo kubasezeraho. Yabateye inkunga yo gukomeza gukora umurimo wo kwamamaza Ubwami bw’Imana. Yarababwiye ati “nizeye rwose ko umubare w’abagize imbaga y’abantu benshi uzakomeza kwiyongera cyane.” Yabasabye gusubira iwabo “bagakaza umurego, bakarushaho gukora umurimo, bakawumaramo igihe kinini gishoboka.” Hanyuma yasezeye ku bari bamuteze amatwi ati “bavandimwe nkunda, Umwami abahe umugisha. Ubu simbasezeyeho, kuko nizeye ko tuzongera kubonana vuba.”

Ariko kuri benshi mu bari aho, bwari ubwa nyuma babonye umuvandimwe Rutherford.

Iminsi ya nyuma y’umuvandimwe J. F. Rutherford

Rutherford yari arwaye kanseri y’urura kandi igihe yari mu ikoraniro ry’i St. Louis yari arembye. Nyamara ibyo ntibyamubujije gutanga disikuru eshanu zitera inkunga. Icyakora nyuma y’ikoraniro yarushijeho kuremba bituma bamubaga. Arthur Worsley yibuka uko byagenze igihe Rutherford yasezeraga ku bagize umuryango wa Beteli. Yaravuze ati “yatwibiye ibanga atubwira ko agiye kubagwa. Yavuze ko yakira cyangwa yapfa, yari yizeye ko tuzakomeza gukora umurimo wo gutangaza izina rya Yehova. Yashoje avuga ati ‘ubwo rero Imana nibishaka, tuzongera kubonana. Nibidashoboka kandi, muzakomeze kurwana uru rugamba.’ Abagize umuryango bose bararize.”Rutherford icyo gihe wari ufite imyaka 72, baramubaze ava ku iseta. Nyuma yaho gato, yagiye kuba muri leta ya Kaliforuniya mu nzu yari yarise Beth-Sarim. Baba abaganga bamuvuraga cyangwa abagize umuryango we, bose babonaga ko atazakira. Mu by’ukuri yari akeneye kongera kubagwa.

Ahagana mu kwezi k’Ukuboza hagati, Nathan H. Knorr, Frederick W. Franz, na Hayden C. Covington baje kumusura bavuye i Brooklyn. Umuvandimwe Hazel Burford wari urwaje Rutherford mu minsi ye ya nyuma ibabaje, yaravuze ati “bamaranye iminsi baganira ku bizasohoka mu Gitabo Nyamwaka hamwe n’ibindi bibazo byerekeranye n’imikorere y’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Bamaze kugenda, Rutherford yarushijeho kuremba, maze nyuma y’ibyumweru bitatu, ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1942, arangiza isiganwa rye ryo ku isi mu budahemuka.”i

Ese abo kuri Beteli bakiriye bate inkuru y’urupfu rwa Rutherford? Umuvandimwe William A. Elrod, wari umaze imyaka icyenda kuri Beteli, yaravuze ati “sinzibagirwa umunsi twamenyeyeho ko Rutherford yapfuye. Twari turi ku meza tugiye gufata amafunguro ya saa sita. Hatanzwe itangazo rigufi. Nta disikuru zatanzwe. Nta wigeze afata konji ngo ajye kumuririra. Ahubwo twasubiye ku kazi mu icapiro, dukorana umwete kurusha mbere hose.”

Ibyo byari ibihe bitoroshye ku Bahamya ba Yehova. Intambara yari imaze gukwira ku isi hose. Yatangiriye mu Burayi igera muri Afurika, hanyuma igera mu cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Abasoviyeti. Ku itariki ya 7 Ukuboza 1941, ukwezi kumwe mbere y’urupfu rwa Rutherford, Abayapani bagabye igitero i Pearl Harbor, bituma Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zinjira muri iyo ntambara. Mu duce twinshi Abahamya bibasirwaga n’udutsiko tw’abanyarugomo hamwe n’ibindi bitotezo bikaze.None se byari kugenda bite?

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 73]

“Intwaro za Satani ni UBWIBONE, KURARIKIRA n’UBWOBA”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 74]

“Gihamya y’uko Yehova ari we uyobora umuryango wa Watch Tower Society”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 75]

‘Si ukugira ngo gusa abavandimwe barekurwe, ahubwo ni no kugira ngo ukuri kumenyekane’

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 77]

“Inshingano y’Abakristo hano ku isi . . . ni ugutangaza ubutumwa bw’Umwami n’Ubwami bwe”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 78]

‘Mutangaze Umwami n’Ubwami bwe mubikunze kandi mubishishikariye kurusha ikindi gihe cyose’

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 82]

‘Turifuza ko bamenya ko twitwa Abahamya ba Yehova’

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 83]

Koko rero, Abayonadabu bakwiriye kubatizwa

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 84]

“Twiyemeje gushaka abo bantu bagereranywa n’intama bagombaga gukorakoranywa”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 85]

Rutherford yavugaga ashize amanga iyo yabaga acyaha abanyamadini

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 86]

Abana 15.000 bagaragaje ko bashyigikiye Ubwami

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 89]

“Imana nibishaka, tuzongera kubonana. Nibidashoboka kandi, muzakomeze kurwana uru rugamba”

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 76]

“Inzu y’ibikomangoma”

Rutherford amaze gufungurwa yarwaye umusonga cyane araremba, kubera gufatwa nabi aho bari bafungiye barengana mu wa 1919. Yaje gusigarana igihaha kimwe gusa. Mu myaka ya 1920, umuganga yaramusuzumye amusaba kujya kuruhukira i San Diego, muri leta ya Kaliforuniya, amusaba kuhaguma igihe kinini gishoboka. Kuva mu wa 1929, Rutherford yamaraga amezi y’imbeho i San Diego, akorera mu nzu yari yarise Beth-Sarim. Iyo nzu yari yarubatswe n’impano zihariye zatanzwe hagamijwe kuyubaka. Igazeti ya “Nimukanguke!” yo ku itariki ya 19 Werurwe 1930 yavuze ko iyo nzu yubakiwe J. F. Rutherford, nyuma ikazaba iy’umuryango wa Watch Tower.

Igitabo cyavugaga iby’agakiza (“Salut”) cyasohotse mu mwaka wa 1939 cyavuze ko “mu giheburayo izina ‘Beth Sarim’ risobanura ‘Inzu y’ibikomangoma’ cyangwa abatware. Impamvu icyo kibanza cyaguzwe n’iyo nzu ikubakwa, ni ukugira ngo hatangwe gihamya idashidikinywaho y’uko muri iki gihe ku isi hari abizera byimazeyo Imana na Kristo Yesu n’Ubwami bwayo, kandi bizera ko Umwami ari hafi kuzura abantu ba kera bizerwa, bakagaruka hano ku isi ngo abashinge ibintu bye byo ku isi.”

Imyaka mike nyuma y’urupfu rwa Rutherford, inama y’ubuyobozi bw’umuryango wa Watch Tower yafashe umwanzuro wo kugurisha iyo nzu ya Beth-Sarim. Kubera iki? “Umunara w’Umurinzi” wo ku ya 15 Ukuboza 1947, wasobanuye impamvu ugira uti “intego yatumye yubakwa yari yaragezweho, none yari isigaye iri aho gusa kandi kuyitaho bihenze. Ibyiringiro twari dufite by’uko abagabo bo mu bihe bya kera bari kuzuka maze Umwami Kristo Yesu akabahindura ibikomangoma mu isi YOSE (atari muri leta ya Kaliforuniya gusa), ntibyari bishingiye kuri iyo nzu, ahubwo byari bishingiye ku masezerano yo mu Ijambo ry’Imana.”j

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 80 n’iya 81]

Gutangaza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami hifashishijwe radiyo

Hashize nk’imyaka ibiri amaradiyo abayeho, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya batangiye kunyuza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami kuri radiyo. Bityo, ku itariki ya 26 Gashyantare 1922, umuvandimwe Rutherford yatanze ikiganiro cye cya mbere kuri radiyo ari muri leta ya Kaliforuniya. Nyuma y’imyaka ibiri, ku itariki ya 24 Gashyantare 1924, Watch Tower Society yashinze radiyo yayo (yitwaga WBBR) yakoreraga ahitwa Staten Island, mu mugi wa New York. Amaherezo, Watch Tower Society yashyizeho gahunda yo kunyuza disikuru n’ibiganiro bishingiye kuri Bibiliya ku maradiyo yo hirya no hino. Ahagana mu wa 1933, hari amaradiyo 408 yatangarizaga ubutumwa bw’Ubwami abatuye ku migabane itandatu.

[Amafoto]

Radiyo WBBR ya Watch Tower Society yakoreraga i New York. Yakoze kuva mu wa 1924 kugeza mu wa 1957

Itsinda ry’abacuranzi ba radiyo WBBR, mu wa 1926

J. F. Rutherford atanga disikuru ivuga ngo “Tumenye ukuri,” mu nzu mberabyombi y’i Londres (Royal Albert Hall) mu Bwongereza, tariki ya 11 Nzeri 1938. Hari abantu basaga 10.000 bamuteze amatwi (hano hasi), abandi babarirwa muri za miriyoni na bo bamukurikiye kuri radiyo

Porogaramu y’imihango yo gutangiza radiyo WBBR

Abakozi ba radiyo 2HD y’i Newcastle, NSW, muri Ositaraliya

Radiyo CHCY yakoreraga ahitwa Edmonton (Alberta). Ni imwe mu maradiyo ya Watch Tower Society yakoreraga muri Kanada

Ibiganiro byatangirwaga kuri radiyo yo muri Esitoniya, bikumvikana muri Finilande

Ibikoresho bya radiyo WORD hafi y’i Chicago, muri leta ya Illinois; yari iya Watch Tower Society kandi ni na yo yayikoreshaga

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 87]

Kubwiriza hifashishijwe fonogarafe

Mu wa 1933, Abahamya ba Yehova batangije ubundi buryo bushya bwo kubwiriza. Bifashishije imashini igendanwa irimo indangururamajwi (fonogarafe), yacurangaga idisiki iriho disikuru za Rutherford. Izo disiki bazumvishaga abantu basanze mu busitani, mu mazu manini n’abari aho abantu benshi bahurira. Nanone bashyiraga ibyo byuma ku modoka no ku mato, kugira ngo batangaze ubutumwa bw’Ubwami.

Kubwiriza bifashishije izo mashini zigendanwa, byatumye bunguka ubundi buryo bwo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu bakoresheje fonogarafe zitaremereye. Mu wa 1934, Watch Tower Society yatangiye gukora za fonogarafe zigendanwa hamwe na za disiki ziriho disikuru zishingiye kuri Bibiliya zimara iminota ine n’igice. Muri iyo myaka hari disikuru zavugaga ingingo zigera kuri 92. Hakozwe fonogarafe zirenga 47.000 kugira ngo batangaze ubutumwa bw’Ubwami. Icyakora uko igihe cyagendaga gihita, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya barushijeho kubwiriza ari bo ubwabo bavuga, nuko fonogarafe ntizongera gukoreshwa.

[Amafoto]

Imodoka iriho indangururamajwi yahagararaga ku musozi, igatangaza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami ku buryo n’abari kure bumva (hejuru)

Bifashisha fonogarafe muri Megizike (iburyo)

Ubwato burimo indangururamajwi mu ruzi rwa Tamise i Londres, mu Bwongereza (hejuru)

Bakoresha fonogarafe mu murimo wo kubwiriza (ibumoso)

Mu wa 1940, icyerekanwa cy’uko bakoresha fonogarafe (iburyo)

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 79]

J. A. Bohnet

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 88]

Guhera mu wa 1917, igihe J. F. Rutherford yabaga perezida wa Watch Tower, kugeza mu wa 1941, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wasohoye inyandiko nyinshi cyane, zirimo ibitabo 24, udutabo 86, ibitabo Nyamwaka, hamwe n’ingingo zasohokaga mu “Munara w’Umurinzi” na “Nimukanguke!” (yabanje kwitwa “L’Age d’Or,” nyuma iza kwitwa “Consolation”)