Igice cya 8

Batangaza ubutumwa bwiza nta gucogora (1942-1975)

“KU BANTU BOSE BAKUNDA TEWOKARASI:

Ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1942, umuvandimwe dukunda J. F. Rutherford yarangije isiganwa rye hano ku isi mu budahemuka . . . Yashimishwaga no kubona ukuntu abahamya b’Umwami badakurikira umuntu uwo ari we wese, ahubwo bakurikira Umwami Kristo Yesu Umuyobozi wabo, bagakomeza gukora umurimo neza kandi bunze ubumwe, kandi ibyo byaramuhumurizaga.” —Ibaruwa yatangazaga urupfu rw’umuvandimwe Rutherford.a

ITANGAZO ry’urupfu rw’umuvandimwe Rutherford ryatumye Abahamya ba Yehova bo ku isi hose bahungabana. Abenshi bari bazi ko arwaye ariko ntibumvaga ko ashobora gupfa muri iyo minsi. Nubwo bari bababajwe n’urupfu rwe, bari biyemeje gukomeza gutangaza Ubwami bw’Imana. Ntibabonaga ko J. F. Rutherford ari umuyobozi wabo. Umuvandimwe Charles E. Wagner wakoraga mu biro bya Rutherford yaravuze ati “abavandimwe bo hirya no hino bari bamaze kumenya neza ko umurimo wa Yehova udashingiye ku muntu uwo ari we wese.” Ariko nanone, hari hakenewe umuntu wo gukomereza aho umuvandimwe Rutherford yari agejeje, akaba perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society.

“Twiyemeje gukomeza kunga ubumwe n’Umwami”

Umuvandimwe Rutherford yifuzaga cyane ko Abahamya ba Yehova bakomeza gutangaza ubutumwa bwiza nta gucogora. Ubwo rero hagati mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1941, ibyumweru bike mbere y’uko apfa, yatumyeho bane mu bari bagize inama y’ubuyobozi bw’imiryango ibiri yo mu rwego rw’amategeko yakoreshwaga n’Abahamya ba Yehova. Yababwiye ko nyuma y’urupfu rwe, bagombaga guhita bahamagaza abagize inama y’ubuyobozi ya buri muryango bose, kugira ngo batore perezida na visi perezida.

Ku gicamunsi cyo kuwa gatanu tariki ya 13 Mutarama 1942, nyuma y’iminsi itanu gusa Rutherford apfuye, abavandimwe bose bari bagize inama y’ubuyobozi ya buri muryango bateraniye kuri Beteli y’i Brooklyn. Iminsi mike mbere yaho, Nathan H. Knorr wari visi perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, icyo gihe wari ufite imyaka 36, yari yabasabye gusenga cyane no kubitekerezaho kugira ngo Imana ibahe ubwenge. Abagize inama y’ubuyobozi bari bazi ko umuvandimwe wari gutorerwa kuba perezida yari kujya yita ku bibazo by’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society mu rwego rw’amategeko, ariko nanone akagenzura ibikorwa byose by’uwo muryango. None se ni nde wari wujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo asohoze iyo nshingano itoroshye yo kwita ku murimo wa Yehova? Iyo nama yatangijwe isengesho. Bamaze kubisuzuma bitonze, bose batoye ko umuvandimwe Knorr aba perezida w’iyo miryango yombi, Hayden C. Covington, wari ufite imyaka 30 icyo gihe, aba visi perezida n’umujyanama mu by’amategeko w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society.b

Kuri uwo munsi, W. E. Van Amburgh wari umunyamabanga n’umubitsi, yatangarije abagize umuryango wa Beteli ibyavuye mu matora. Umuvandimwe R. E. Abrahamson wari uhari icyo gihe, yaravuze ati “Van Amburgh yaravuze ati ‘ndibuka igihe C. T. Russell yapfaga, agasimburwa na J. F. Rutherford. Umwami yakomeje kuyobora umurimo we kandi ugenda neza. Ubu nemera ntashidikanya ko umurimo uzakomeza gutera imbere igihe Nathan H. Knorr azaba ari perezida kubera ko uyu murimo ari uw’Umwami atari uw’umuntu.’”

Abagize umuryango wa Beteli y’i Brooklyn bakiriye bate ibyavuye mu matora? Igisubizo tugisanga mu ibaruwa ikora ku mutima abo bavandimwe banditse ku itariki ya 14 Mutarama 1942, amatora yaraye abaye, igira iti “kuba Rutherford atakiri perezida, ntibizatuma ducika intege ngo tureke gukora umurimo Umwami yadushinze. Twiyemeje gukomeza kunga ubumwe n’Umwami kandi tugakomeza gusenyera umugozi umwe dufatanye urunana, tugasubiza inyuma igitero tukakivana ku marembo. . . . Imyaka igera hafi kuri 20 twakoranye mu buryo bwa bugufi n’umuvandimwe Knorr . . . ituma twishimira ko Umwami yatuyoboye tugahitamo umuvandimwe Knorr ngo abe perezida, kandi ko Umwami yita ku bwoko bwe mu buryo bwuje urukundo.” Amabaruwa menshi n’ubutumwa bw’ishimwe biturutse hirya no hino ku isi byoherejwe ku cyicaro gikuru.

Abantu ntibigeze bahungabana ngo babure icyo bakora. Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Gashyantare 1942, watangaje ko J. F. Rutherford yapfuye, wanasohotsemo ingingo yihariye. Yaravugaga iti “Umwami arimo arakorakoranya abe. Ntitwemere ko hagira ikintu na kimwe cyabuza ubwoko bwe bw’isezerano gukomeza kujya mbere mu murimo bumukorera. . . . Gukomeza kubera indahemuka Imana Ishoborabyose NI BYO BY’INGENZI kurusha ibindi byose.” Abahamya ba Yehova batewe inkunga yo gukomeza kubwiriza babigiranye ishyaka.

Icyakora mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1940, “gukomeza kubera Imana indahemuka” ntibyari byoroshye na mba. Ku isi hari hakiri intambara. Intambara yaberaga mu duce dutandukanye tw’isi yatumaga kubwiriza bigorana. Bamwe mu Bahamya bakomeje gufungwa kandi barushijeho kugabwaho ibitero. Hayden Covington wari umujyanama w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society mu birebana n’amategeko, ni we wari uyoboye urwo rugamba, haba igihe yabaga ari mu biro bye ku cyicaro gikuru i Brooklyn, cyangwa ari muri gari ya moshi agiye kwita kuri ibyo bibazo byose bijyanye n’amategeko. Covington yakoze uko ashoboye kugira ngo aharanire uburenganzira Abahamya ba Yehova bahabwaga n’itegeko nshinga bwo kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu n’ubwo gutanga ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya batabangamiwe n’abayobozi b’aho batuye. Yakoranaga n’abanyamategeko batandukanye urugero nka Victor Schmidt, Grover Powell na Victor Blackwell.c

Baterwa inkunga yo gukomeza umurimo wo kubwiriza

Nubwo intambara yari yaratumye habaho ibura ry’ibiribwa na lisansi, mu ntangiriro za Werurwe 1942, hatangiye gutegurwa ikoraniro rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ikoraniro rya gitewokarasi ry’isi nshya” ryari kuba ku itariki ya 18 kugeza ku ya 20 Nzeri. Kugira ngo boroshye ingendo, bahisemo gukorera ikoraniro mu migi 52 yo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, imyinshi muri yo ikaba yari ihujwe n’umugi wa Cleveland, muri leta ya Ohio, kuri telefoni. Uretse aho, iryo koraniro ryarimo ribera no mu yindi migi 33 yo hirya no hino ku isi. Intego y’iryo koraniro yari iyihe?

Mu magambo abimburira porogaramu y’iryo koraniro, Covington yaravuze ati ‘ikiduhurije aha, si ugutekereza ku byahise cyangwa ku byo abantu runaka bakoze.’ Amaze kuvuga atyo, yahaye ikaze umuvandimwe Franz ngo atange disikuru y’ifatizo, yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Umucyo rukumbi,” yari ishingiye muri Yesaya igice cya 59 n’icya 60. Muri iyo disikuru, umuvandimwe yagize icyo avuga mu buryo bushishikaje ku itegeko riri mu buhanuzi bwo muri Yesaya. Yaravuze ati “Umutegetsi w’ikirenga yatanze ikimenyetso ati ‘nimugende,’ adusaba gukomeza umurimo yaduhaye wo guhamya tutitaye ku byaba byose mbere y’uko Harimagedoni iza” (Yes 6:1-12). Icyo nticyari igihe cyo kwidamararira, ahubwo cyari igihe cyo kurushaho kugira ishyaka.

Muri disikuru yakurikiyeho yatanzwe na N. H. Knorr, yaravuze ati “hari byinshi byo gukora; akazi ni kenshi.” Kugira ngo afashe abari bamuteze amatwi gukurikiza inama yo gukomeza umurimo, yatangaje ko hasohotse Bibiliya y’ubuhinduzi bwa King James Version yacapwe n’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, irimo n’irangiro ry’imirongo rigenewe gufasha Abahamya ba Yehova mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Kuba hari hasohotse iyo Bibiliya, byagaragazaga ko umuvandimwe Knorr yitaga cyane ku birebana no gucapa no gukwirakwiza Bibiliya. N’ikimenyimenyi, Knorr amaze kuba perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society mu ntangiriro z’uwo mwaka, yihutiye gushaka uburenganzira bwo gucapa iyo Bibiliya kandi agenzura n’itegurwa ry’irangiro ry’imirongo n’ibindi byari biyigize. Mu gihe cy’amezi make, iyo Bibiliya (King James Version) yari imaze gucapwa kugira ngo isohoke mu ikoraniro.

Ku munsi wa nyuma w’ikoraniro, umuvandimwe Knorr yatanze disikuru ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Amahoro: mbese ashobora kuramba?” Muri iyo disikuru, ashingiye mu Byahishuwe 17:8, yatanze gihamya idashidikanywaho ko Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yarimo yoreka imbaga itari guherukwa na Harimagedoni nk’uko bamwe babitekerezaga. Ahubwo yavuze ko iyo ntambara yari kurangira, hagakurikiraho igihe cy’amahoro. Bityo rero, hari hakiri byinshi byo gukora mu murimo wo gutangaza Ubwami bw’Imana. Abari muri iryo koraniro babwiwe ko mu rwego rwo kwita ku bantu bashoboraga kuzamenya ukuri ari benshi, uhereye mu kwezi kwari gukurikiraho, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wari kohereza “abakozi b’abavandimwe” kugira ngo bafashe amatorero. Buri torero ryari kuzajya risurwa nyuma ya buri mezi atandatu.

Marie Gibbard, wajyanye n’ababyeyi be muri iryo koraniro ryari ryabereye mu mugi wa Dallas (muri leta ya Texas), yaravuze ati “iryo Koraniro rya gitewokarasi ry’isi nshya ryarushijeho gufasha abagaragu ba Yehova kwitegura umurimo wari ubategereje.” Koko rero, hari byinshi byagombaga gukorwa. Abahamya ba Yehova bari bahanze amaso igihe cy’amahoro cyari kigiye kuza. Bari biyemeje bamaramaje gukomeza gutangaza ubutumwa bwiza batitaye ku bigeragezo n’ibitotezo bahura na byo.

Igihe cyo kongera ubumenyi

Bari bamaze igihe kinini batanga ubuhamya ku nzu n’inzu bakoresheje amakarita na fonogarafe. Ariko se buri Muhamya wa Yehova yari kongera ubushobozi afite bwo gusobanura impamvu z’ibyiringiro bye akoresheje Ibyanditswe? Perezida wa gatatu w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, N. H. Knorr, ni ko yabitekerezaga. C. James Woodworth, wari ufite se wamaze imyaka myinshi ari umwanditsi mukuru w’igazeti ya Nimukanguke!, yaravuze ati “mu gihe cy’umuvandimwe Rutherford, icyo twibandagaho kwari ukuvuga ko ‘idini ari umutego n’ubutekamutwe.’ Ariko icyo gihe bwo, hari hatangiye umurimo wo kwigisha abantu Bibiliya n’ibijyanye n’imikorere y’abagaragu ba Yehova, kandi uwo murimo wari ugiye gufata indi ntera abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova batigeze babona.”

Gahunda yo kwigisha yahise ishyirwa mu bikorwa. Ku itariki ya 9 Gashyantare 1942, hashize hafi ukwezi N. H. Knorr atorewe kuba perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, kuri Beteli y’i Brooklyn hatanzwe itangazo ryahinduye byinshi. Kuri Beteli hashyizweho gahunda yo kwigisha amasomo arebana n’umurimo wa gitewokarasi. Muri iryo shuri, bigaga gukora ubushakashatsi muri Bibiliya bakiga no kuvugira mu ruhame.

Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, hashyizweho irindi shuri nk’iryo ryari kujya ribera mu matorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova. Mu ikoraniro ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Twahamagariwe gukora,” ryabereye hirya no hino muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, ku itariki ya 17 n’iya 18 Mata 1943, hasohotse agatabo gakubiyemo amasomo atangirwa mu Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi (Cours pour le ministère théocratique). Buri torero ryasabwe guhita ritangiza iryo shuri rishya, kandi umuryango wa Watch Tower Society ushyiraho abarimu bo kurihagararira no kujya bagira inama abanyeshuri b’igitsina gabo baryiyandikishijemo. Ayo masomo yahise ahindurwa mu zindi ndimi, nuko ritangira kwigishwa no mu bindi bihugu.

Abavandimwe babishoboye baherewe imyitozo muri iryo shuri, batangiye kwifatanya mu murimo wo gutangaza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami hirya no hino ku isi. Abenshi muri bo bakoresheje iyo myitozo batanga disikuru mu makoraniro, bita no ku zindi nshingano ziremereye mu bagize ubwoko bw’Imana.

Muri abo, twavuga nka Angelo C. Manera, Jr., wamaze imyaka igera kuri 40 ari umugenzuzi usura amatorero. Ari mu biyandikishije muri iryo shuri rigitangira mu itorero ryabo. Yaravuze ati “bamwe muri twe twamaze imyaka myinshi tujya mu materaniro no mu murimo wo kubwiriza iryo shuri ritarabaho. Twiboneye ko iryo shuri ryagize uruhare rukomeye mu kudufasha kugira amajyambere kandi rituma imikorere y’abagize ubwoko bw’Imana itera imbere.”

George Gangas, icyo gihe wari umuhinduzi w’ururimi rw’ikigiriki, yagize icyo avuga ku nyigisho yaherewe mu ishuri ryatangijwe kuri Beteli y’i Brooklyn mu mwaka wa 1942. Yaje kuvuga ati “ndibuka ko ikiganiro cya mbere natanze cyamaze iminota itandatu. Kubera ko numvaga ntiyizeye, nanditse ibyo nari kuvuga byose. Mpagurutse ngo ntange icyo kiganiro, narebye abari banteze amatwi maze ngira ubwoba bwinshi ntangira kudedemanga, numva mbuze icyo mvuga. Nahisemo gusoma ibyo nari nanditse ku rupapuro. Ariko kubera ko ibiganza byanjye byatitiraga, nabonaga inyuguti zisa n’izibyina.” Nyamara ibyo ntibyamuciye intege. Igihe cyaje kugera, akajya atanga disikuru mu makoraniro imbere y’abantu benshi, ndetse yaje no kuba umwe mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi y’Abahamya ba Yehova.

Ishuri rishingiye ku kwizera

Ku itariki ya 24 Nzeri 1942, hari indi ntambwe yatewe mu birebana no kongera ubumenyi. Mu nama yahuje abagize inama z’ubuyobozi bw’imiryango yo mu rwego rw’amategeko ihagarariye Watch Tower Society, umuvandimwe Knorr yatanze igitekerezo cy’uko hashyirwaho irindi shuri, ryazajya rikorera mu nzu yubatswe ahantu bitaga mu Isambu y’Ubwami (Kingdom Farm), i South Lansing muri leta ya New York, ku birometero 410 ugana mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba bw’umugi wa New York. Iryo shuri ryari rigamije gutoza abamisiyonari bari kujya kubwiriza mu bihugu by’amahanga, ahakenewe ababwiriza b’Ubwami kurusha ahandi. Abari aho bose bashyigikiye icyo gitekerezo.

Albert D. Schroeder, wari ufite imyaka 31 icyo gihe, yashyizweho kugira ngo ahagararire komite yo gutegura iryo shuri. Yaravuze ati “ntushobora kubyumva! Iyo nshingano nshya twari duhawe yaradushimishije bitavugwa.” Abarimu bahise batangira imyiteguro; bari basigaranye amezi ane gusa yo gutegura amasomo, gutegura ibiganiro bazatanga no gutegura ububiko bw’ibitabo. Umuvandimwe Schroeder waje kuba umwe mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi, yaravuze ati “iryo shuri ryatangaga inyigisho za gikristo ryamaraga ibyumweru 20, kandi Bibiliya ni cyo gikoresho cy’ingenzi cyakoreshwaga.”

Kuwa mbere tariki ya 1 Gashyantare 1943, imbeho imeze nabi, ni bwo ishuri rya mbere ryatangiye mu majyaruguru ya New York, ritangirana abanyeshuri 100. Mu by’ukuri, iryo shuri ryari rishingiye ku kwizera. Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose igeze hagati, uduce abamisiyonari bashoboraga koherezwamo twari duke cyane. Ariko kubera ko Abahamya bari bizeye ko hari kuzabaho igihe cy’amahoro maze abamisiyonari bagakoreshwa, abamisiyonari bakomeje gutozwa.

Bongera gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda nyuma y’intambara

Muri Gicurasi 1945, intambara yararangiye mu Burayi. Hashize amezi ane, ni ukuvuga muri Nzeri, intambara yarangiye no mu birwa bya Pasifika. Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose yari irangiye. Ku itariki ya 24 Ukwakira 1945, hashize gusa imyaka itatu perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society atanze ya disikuru ivuga ngo “Amahoro: mbese ashobora kuramba?,” amahame remezo agenga Umuryango w’Abibumbye yatangiye gukurikizwa.

Raporo z’umurimo w’Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu Burayi zari zaratangiye kugenda zimenyekana. Abavandimwe na bashiki bacu bo hirya no hino ku isi batangajwe no kubona ukuntu umurimo wo kubwiriza iby’Ubwami wari warakomeje gutera imbere mu bihugu by’i Burayi, no mu bihe by’intambara. Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku ya 15 Nyakanga 1945, waravuze uti “mu mwaka wa 1940, mu Bufaransa hari ababwiriza 400, ariko ubu hari ababwiriza 1.100 batangaza Ubwami. . . . Mu wa 1940, mu Buholandi hari ababwiriza 800. Abagera kuri magana ane muri bo, bari barajyanywe mu bigo byakoranyirizwagamo imfungwa byo mu Budage. Abasigaye bakomeje gutangaza iby’Ubwami bw’Imana. Byagize akahe kamaro? Ubu muri icyo gihugu hari ababwiriza b’Ubwami 2.000.” Umudendezo wari umaze kuboneka watumye babona uburyo bwo gukomeza gutangaza ubutumwa bwiza, atari mu Burayi gusa, ahubwo no ku isi hose. Icyakora, mbere na mbere bari bakeneye kongera kubaka no gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda.

Kubera ko perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society yari ahangayikishijwe no kumenya ibyo Abahamya ba Yehova bo mu bihugu byayogojwe n’intambara bakeneye, yarabasuye aherekejwe n’umunyamabanga we Milton G. Henschel. Mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo yasuye u Bwongereza, u Bufaransa, u Busuwisi, u Bubiligi, u Buholandi n’ibihugu byo mu majyaruguru y’u Burayi, kugira ngo atere inkunga abavandimwe kandi agenzure imikorere y’ibiro by’amashami.d Bari bagamije kureba uko bafasha abavandimwe kwisuganya nyuma y’intambara. Hashyizweho gahunda yo kugeza ku bavandimwe ibitabo, ibiribwa n’imyambaro bari bakeneye. Ibiro by’amashami byongeye gukora.

Umuvandimwe Knorr yari asobanukiwe neza ko ibiro by’ishami bigomba kugira gahunda inoze kugira ngo bikomeze kwita ku murimo wo kubwiriza wakomezaga gutera imbere. Ubuhanga yari yisanganiwe bwo gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda, yabukoresheje neza atuma umubare w’ibiro by’amashami y’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wiyongera hirya no hino ku isi. Igihe yabaga perezida mu wa 1942, hariho ibiro by’amashami 25. Nubwo umurimo wari warabuzanyijwe mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe kandi ukabangamirwa n’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, mu wa 1946 hari ibiro by’amashami mu bihugu 57. Kugeza mu mwaka wa 1976, ni ukuvuga nyuma y’imyaka isaga 30, umubare w’ibiro by’amashami wariyongereye ugera kuri 97.

Bahabwa ibyo bakeneye byose ngo babe abigisha

Perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society avuye muri izo ngendo yakoze mu bihugu byinshi intambara ikimara kurangira, yabonye ko byarushaho kuba byiza Abahamya ba Yehova bahawe ibyo bakeneye byose ngo bigishe abandi Ijambo ry’Imana. Hari hakenewe andi mashuri yigisha Bibiliya n’ibindi bikoresho bikwiriye byo gukoresha mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Ibyo byose byakozwe intambara ikirangira.

Mu ikoraniro ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Amahanga yishimye” ryabereye mu mugi wa Cleveland, muri leta ya Ohio, ku itariki ya 4-11 Kanama 1946, umuvandimwe Knorr yatanze disikuru ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Dufite ibikenewe byose ngo dukore umurimo mwiza wose.” Abari bateze amatwi bose bari bafite amatsiko yo kumenya ibisubizo by’ibi bibazo yari ababajije: ese mugize igitabo kibafasha gusobanukirwa buri gitabo mu bitabo 66 byo muri Bibiliya, ntibyabashimisha? Ese tumenye uwanditse igitabo runaka cyo muri Bibiliya, igihe yacyandikiye n’aho yacyandikiye, ntibyadufasha gusobanukirwa Ibyanditswe?” Barushijeho kugira amatsiko igihe yababwiraga ati “bavandi, ibyo mwifuza kumenya byose hamwe n’ibindi, biri mu gitabo gishya gifite umutwe uvuga ngo Dufite ibikenewe byose ngo dukore umurimo mwiza wose.” Iryo tangazo ryakurikiwe n’amashyi y’urufaya. Icyo gitabo gishya cyari kujya gikoreshwa mu ishuri ry’umurimo ryaberaga mu matorero.

Ibitabo Abahamya ba Yehova bari bafite ntibyabongereraga ubumenyi ku Byanditswe gusa, ahubwo byari n’ibikoresho by’ingenzi cyane mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Ikoraniro ryabaye mu mwaka wa 1946 ntirizibagirana, kuko ari bwo inomero ya mbere y’igazeti ya Nimukanguke! yasohotse yitwa iryo zina. (Yabanje kwitwa L’Age d’Or nyuma yaho yitwa Consolation.) Nanone hasohotse igitabo cy’imfashanyigisho ya Bibiliya (Que Dieu soit reconnu pour vrai!)e Henry A. Cantwell, waje kuba umugenzuzi usura amatorero, yaravuze ati “twari tumaze igihe dukeneye cyane igitabo twakwifashisha twigisha abantu bashya Bibiliya, gikubiyemo inyigisho z’ibanze n’ukuri ko muri Bibiliya. Igihe icyo gitabo cyasohokaga, twari tubonye icyo twari dukeneye.”

Kubera ko Abahamya ba Yehova bari bafite ibyo bikoresho by’ingirakamaro, bari biteze ko hazabaho ukwiyongera kwihuse. Igihe umuvandimwe Knorr yari mu ikoraniro agatanga disikuru ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ibibazo byo gusana no kwagura,” yasobanuriye abari aho ko mu myaka intambara yamaze iyogoza isi, umurimo wo kubwiriza wo wakomeje gutera imbere. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1939 kugeza mu wa 1946, umubare w’ababwiriza warazamutse urenga 110.000. Kugira ngo ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya byari bikenewe ari byinshi hirya no hino ku isi biboneke, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wakoze gahunda zo kwagura icapiro na Beteli y’i Brooklyn.

Icyo ni cyo cya gihe cy’amahoro bari bategereje. Hari hatangiye igihe cyo kwagura no kwigisha Bibiliya ku isi hose. Abahamya ba Yehova bavuye muri iryo koraniro ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Amahanga yishimye,” bahawe ibikenewe byose kugira ngo babe abigisha b’ubutumwa bwiza.

Umurimo wo kubwiriza Ubwami urushaho gutera imbere

Perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society n’umunyamabanga we Milton G. Henschel, bamaze kubona ko umurimo wagombaga kwagurwa mu rwego rw’isi yose, ku itariki ya 6 Gashyantare 1947, bakoze urugendo rw’ibirometero 76.916 bazenguruka isi. Bagiye mu birwa bya Pasifika, muri Nouvelle Zélande, muri Ositaraliya, mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, mu Buhindi, mu Burasirazuba bwo hagati, mu turere twa Mediterane, mu Burayi bwo hagati n’ubw’iburengerazuba, mu bihugu byo mu majyaruguru y’u Burayi, mu Bwongereza no muri Terre-Neuve. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1933, bwari bubaye ubwa mbere abahagarariye umuryango wa Watch Tower Society baturutse ku cyicaro gikuru i Brooklyn basura abavandimwe bo mu Budage. Abahamya ba Yehova bo hirya no hino ku isi bakurikiraniye hafi iby’urwo ruzinduko, kuko ibyagezweho muri urwo rugendo byasohotse mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo mu mwaka wa 1947.f

Umuvandimwe Henschel wo mu Nteko Nyobozi y’Abahamya ba Yehova, yaravuze ati “ni bwo bwa mbere twari tubonanye n’abavandimwe bacu bo muri Aziya no mu tundi turere, tukanibonera ibyo bakeneye. Kubera ko twateganyaga kohereza abamisiyonari hirya no hino, twashakaga kumenya uko aho hantu hameze ndetse n’ibyo bazakenera.” Nyuma y’urwo ruzinduko, abamisiyonari benshi baherewe imyitozo mu Ishuri rya Gileyadi, boherejwe hirya no hino kugira ngo bafate iya mbere mu murimo wo gutangaza Ubwami, kandi bageze ku bintu bishimishije. Mu myaka itanu gusa (1947-1952), umubare w’ababwiriza b’Ubwami ku isi yose wikubye incuro zirenga ebyiri, uva ku 207.552 ugera ku 456.265.

Ukwiyongera kwa gitewokarasi

Ku itariki ya 25 Kamena 1950, ingabo za Koreya ya Ruguru zagabye igitero kuri Koreya y’Epfo. Amaherezo ibindi bihugu 16 byoherejeyo ingabo. Ariko mu gihe iyo ntambara yashyamiranyije ibihugu bikomeye yacaga ibintu, Abahamya ba Yehova bo barimo bitegura ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryari kugaragaza ko bunze ubumwe ku isi hose, kandi ko Yehova abaha imigisha agatuma biyongera.—Yes 60:22.

Iryo koraniro ryari kuba ku itariki ya 30 Nyakanga kugeza ku ya 6 Kanama 1950. Iryo ni ryo koraniro rya mbere ryari rihurije hamwe Abahamya ba Yehova benshi. Muri sitade ya Yankee yo mu mugi wa New York, hari abatumirwa bavuye mu Burayi, muri Afurika, muri Aziya, muri Amerika y’Epfo no mu birwa bya Pasifika bagera ku 10.000, baturutse mu bihugu 67. Igihe hatangwaga disikuru y’abantu bose, hari abantu bagera ku 123.000. Imyaka ine mbere yaho igihe habaga ikoraniro ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Amahanga yishimye,” hari harateranye abantu 80.000. Ibyo byagaragazaga ko rwose hari ukwiyongera guhambaye!

Ikintu cyatumaga umubare w’Abahamya ba Yehova wiyongera, ni ugucapa no gukwirakwiza Ijambo ry’Imana. Ku itariki ya 2 Kanama 1950, habaye ikintu kitazibagirana. Icyo gihe umuvandimwe Knorr yatangaje ko hasohotse Bibiliya ikoresha ururimi rw’icyongereza ruhuje n’igihe yitwa Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki bya gikristo. Abari bateranye bashimishijwe no kumva ko ubwo buhinduzi bushya bwashubije izina ry’Imana Yehova ahantu 237 ryabonekaga mu mwandiko w’umwimerere, kuva muri Matayo kugeza mu Byahishuwe. Uwo muvandimwe agiye gusoza iyo disikuru, yarabinginze ati “mufate iyi Bibiliya, muyisome, muyige kuko izabafasha gusobanukirwa Ijambo ry’Imana. Muzayigeze no ku bandi.” Mu myaka yari kuzakurikiraho hari kuzasohoka n’ibindi bice bisigaye by’iyo Bibiliya, kugira ngo Abahamya ba Yehova bazabe bafite Bibiliya yuzuye ihinduye neza, isomeka neza, kandi bakwishimira guha abandi.

Abateranye batewe inkunga yo gusura amazu mashya ya Beteli ari ku cyicaro gikuru (ari ku muhanda wa 124 Columbia Heights) ndetse n’icapiro ryaho ryari ryaraguwe cyane (riri ku muhanda wa 117 Adams Street). Nk’uko bari barabitangarijwe mu ikoraniro ryabereye i Cleveland mu wa 1946, Abahamya bo hirya no hino ku isi batanze impano zatumye hakorwa iyo mirimo yo kwagura ayo mazu mashya. Icyo gihe, Abahamya ba Yehova ntibari bazi ko hari kuzakorwa imirimo myinshi yo kwagura haba i Brooklyn no hirya no hino ku isi. Hari kuzakenerwa amacapiro manini kugira ngo ababwiriza b’Ubwami bakomezaga kwiyongera barusheho kwitabwaho.

Barushijeho gutozwa uko babwiriza ku nzu n’inzu

Mu ikoraniro ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Umuryango w’isi nshya” ryabereye mu mugi wa New York, ku itariki ya 19 kugeza ku ya 26 Nyakanga 1953, Abahamya ba Yehova bahawe ibitabo bishya bari kujya bifashisha batangaza Ubwami bw’Imana ku nzu n’inzu. Urugero, igihe hasohokaga igitabo gishya (“Eprouvez toute choses”), abantu 125.040 bari bateranye kuwa mbere tariki ya 20 Nyakanga bakomye amashyi y’urufaya. Icyo gitabo cy’amapaji 416 cyari gikubiyemo imirongo y’Ibyanditswe 4.500, gifite imitwe mikuru 70. Cyari igikoresho cy’ingirakamaro mu murimo. Abahamya ba Yehova bari babonye igitabo gitanga ibisubizo bishingiye ku Byanditswe by’ibibazo bakundaga guhura na byo babwiriza ku nzu n’inzu.

Muri disikuru umuvandimwe Knorr yatanze kuwa gatatu yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Umurimo w’ingenzi ku bakozi bose,” yatangaje ko hari hagiye guterwa indi ntambwe muri gahunda yo kwigisha Abahamya ba Yehova. Yavuze ko mu matorero yose hari hagiye gushyirwaho gahunda idasanzwe yo gutoza abantu kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu. Ababwiriza b’inararibonye basabwe gufasha ababwiriza bakiri bashya kugira gahunda ihoraho yo kubwiriza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami ku nzu n’inzu. Iyo porogaramu idasanzwe yatangijwe ku itariki ya 1 Nzeri 1953. Jesse L. Cantwell, umugenzuzi usura amatorero wagize uruhare muri iyo gahunda yo gutoza abashya, yaravuze ati “rwose iyo gahunda yatumye tuba ababwiriza bagera ku ntego.”

Mu mezi yakurikiye ukwa Nyakanga 1953, amakoraniro nk’ayo yabereye ku migabane yose uko ari itanu, porogaramu ari imwe ariko ihuje n’imimerere ya buri karere. Iyo gahunda yo gutoza abantu kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu yatangijwe mu matorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova bo hirya no hino ku isi. Muri uwo mwaka, umubare w’ababwiriza b’Ubwami warazamutse ugera ku 519.982.

Kwita ku byari bikenewe mu rwego rw’isi

Mu myaka ya 1950, hari ibindi byakozwe kugira ngo abantu bitabiraga ukuri ari benshi bitabweho. Mu gihe cy’imyaka isaga icumi, N. H. Knorr yasuye ibiro by’amashami byo hirya no hino ku isi, agenzura imikorere yabyo. Izo ngendo yakoze zatumye bigaragara ko muri buri gihugu, hari hakwiriye kubaho urwego rugenzura umurimo kandi rugashimangira ubumwe bw’Abahamya ba Yehova ku isi hose. Knorr yakundaga cyane abamisiyonari n’abakora ku biro by’amashami. Aho yajyaga hose, yagenaga igihe akaganira na bo akumva ibibazo byabo n’ibyo bakeneye kandi akabatera inkunga mu murimo wabo. Mu mwaka wa 1955, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wari ufite ibiro by’amashami 77 n’abamisiyonari 1.814 baherewe imyitozo mu Ishuri rya Gileyadi, bakoreraga umurimo mu bihugu 100. Umuvandimwe Knorr amaze kubona ko uwo murimo atari kuwukora wenyine, yafashe ingamba zo gushyiraho abandi bari kujya bamufasha muri uwo murimo w’ingenzi wo gusura ibiro by’amashami n’amacumbi y’abamisiyonari.

Hafashwe umwanzuro wo kugabanya isi mo uturere icumi, buri karere kakaba kagizwe n’umubare runaka w’ibiro by’amashami. Abavandimwe bujuje ibisabwa bo ku cyicaro gikuru i Brooklyn n’abandi bagenzuzi b’ibiro by’amashami b’inararibonye, bashyizweho kugira ngo babe abakozi ba zone (ubu bitwa abagenzuzi basura ibiro by’amashami), maze Knorr abatoza uko basohoza iyo nshingano. Ku itariki ya 1 Mutarama 1956, ni bwo uwa mbere muri abo bagenzuzi yatangiye uwo murimo wo gusura ibiro by’amashami. Kugeza mu wa 1992, hari abagenzuzi basura ibiro by’amashami basaga 30, ubariyemo n’abo mu Nteko Nyobozi.

Bigishijwe gukora ibyo Imana ishaka

Mu mpeshyi yo mu mwaka wa 1958, intambara yasaga n’aho ishobora kurota mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati. Nubwo icyo gihe ibihugu bimwe byarebanaga ay’ingwe, Abahamya ba Yehova bo barimo bitegura ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryari kubafasha kurushaho gukora ibyo Imana ishaka. Iryo koraniro ryari kuba ari irya mbere rinini kuruta ayandi yose, ribereye mu mugi umwe.

Ku itariki ya 27 Nyakanga kugeza ku ya 3 Kanama, abantu 253.922 baturutse mu bihugu 123, bakoraniye muri sitade ya Yankee n’i Polo Grounds, mu ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abakora ibyo Imana ishaka.” Hari ikinyamakuru cyasohotse ku itariki ya 26 Nyakanga 1958, cyanditse kiti “Abahamya ba Yehova baje ari benshi cyane ku buryo sitade zombi zuzuye. Baje muri gari ya moshi umunani zidasanzwe, bisi 500 bakodesheje n’izindi modoka 18.000 zazanye abantu, utabariyemo abaje mu mato abiri no mu ndege 65 bakodesheje.”—Daily News.

Abamisiyonari bize mu Ishuri rya Gileyadi bamenyesheje icyicaro gikuru cy’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society ingorane bahura na zo iyo bigisha ukuri ko muri Bibiliya abantu batamenyereye imyizerere n’inyigisho zo mu madini yiyita aya gikristo. Bifuzaga kubona igitabo gisobanura inyigisho z’ukuri ko muri Bibiliya, abantu bashobora gusoma kandi bakacyumva bitabagoye. Abantu 145.488 bari muri iryo koraniro kuwa kane tariki ya 31 Nyakanga, nyuma ya saa sita, bashimishijwe no kumva umuvandimwe Knorr atangaza ko hasohotse igitabo gishya (Du paradis perdu au paradis reconquis).

Yasabye abari aho bose kujya bakoresha icyo gitabo gishya mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Nanone yagiriye ababyeyi inama yo kujya bakoresha icyo gitabo bigisha abana babo ukuri ko muri Bibiliya. Hari ababyeyi benshi bazirikanye iyo nama yabagiriye. Grace A. Estep, wari umwarimu wakuriye mu mugi muto uri hafi ya Pittsburgh, muri leta ya Pennsylvania, yaravuze ati “hari abana bakuranye icyo gitabo, bakajya mu materaniro bagifite, bakagisomera hamwe n’urungano bakinana. Ndetse na mbere y’uko bamenya gusoma, babaga bashobora gusubiramo inkuru zo muri Bibiliya barebeye ku mashusho gusa.”

Nanone hateguwe ibitabo bigenewe Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bafite ubumenyi bwisumbuye. Ahagana ku musozo wa disikuru ishishikaje y’umuvandimwe Knorr yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ibyo ushaka bikorwe,” yatangarije abateranye ko hasohotse ikindi gitabo (“Que ta volonté soit faite sur la terre”). Icyo gitabo gishya cyasuzumaga mu buryo burambuye ibivugwa mu gitabo cya Daniyeli cyafashije abasomyi bacyo kumenya uko ibyo Imana ishaka byakozwe n’uko bikorwa muri iki gihe. Uwatangaga disikuru yaravuze ati “nizeye ko muzashimishwa cyane n’iki gitabo.” Abari bateranye bagera ku 175.441, bakomye amashyi y’urufaya bagaragaza ko bashimishijwe n’icyo gikoresho gishya cyari gutuma barushaho gusobanukirwa ibyo Imana ishaka.

Umuvandimwe Knorr asoza disikuru ye, yatangaje ko hagiye gushyirwaho amashuri yihariye, azatuma umuryango w’abavandimwe wo ku isi hose urushaho gutera imbere ku isi hose. Yaravuze ati “umurimo wo kwigisha ntugiye guhagarara, ahubwo ugiye kurushaho kwihuta.” Yavuze ko bateganyaga ishuri ryari kumara amezi icumi rihugura abagenzuzi b’ibiro by’amashami bo ku isi hose, rikabera i Brooklyn. Nanone mu bihugu byinshi hari kujya hatangwa amasomo amara ukwezi agenewe abagenzuzi basura amatorero n’abafite inshingano y’ubugenzuzi mu itorero. Kuki hari hagiye gushyirwaho ayo mashuri yose? Yarasobanuye ati “turashaka gusobanukirwa ibintu mu buryo bwimbitse, kugira ngo tubashe kumenya imitekerereze yimbitse ya Yehova, igaragara mu Ijambo rye.”

Bahise batangira gutegura integanyanyigisho y’amasomo yari gutangwa muri ayo mashuri. Nyuma y’amezi arindwi, ku itariki ya 9 Werurwe 1959, ishuri rya mbere ry’Umurimo w’Ubwami ryahise ritangirira ahitwa South Lansing, muri leta ya New York, ahari hasanzwe habera Ishuri rya Gileyadi. Iyo yari intangiriro gusa, kuko iryo shuri rishya ryagiye ritoza abafite inshingano y’ubugenzuzi mu matorero hirya no hino ku isi.

Mukomeze “muhagarare mushikamye mu kwizera”

Mu myaka ya 1960, abantu bahungabanyijwe n’ihinduka ryabayeho mu rwego rw’idini n’imibereho y’abaturage. Abayobozi b’amadini batangiye kuvuga ko bimwe mu bitabo bya Bibiliya ari imigani y’imihimbano cyangwa ko bitagihuje n’igihe. Hari intero yari igezweho mu bantu benshi b’icyo gihe, yagiraga iti “Imana yarapfuye.” Abantu barushijeho kwirundumurira mu bikorwa by’ubwiyandarike bw’akahebwe. Haba mu Munara w’Umurinzi no mu bitabo hamwe n’amakoraniro, abagaragu ba Yehova baterwaga inkunga yo gukomeza ‘guhagarara bashikamye mu kwizera,’ muri iyo myaka yari ivurunganye.—1 Kor 16:13.

Amakoraniro yabaye ku isi hose mu wa 1963, yarimo disikuru ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Igitabo cy’‘ubutumwa bwiza bw’iteka’ gifite akamaro,” yibasiraga cyane abajoraga Bibiliya. Uwatanze iyo disikuru yaravuze ati “abajora Bibiliya ntibakwiriye kuvuga ko ari igitabo cyanditswe n’abantu. Bibiliya yo ubwayo isobanura uwayanditse. Impamvu itandukanye n’ibindi bitabo byose byanditswe n’abantu, ni uko Bibiliya Yera yo ‘yahumetswe n’Imana’” (2 Tim 3:16, 17). Iyo disikuru ikora ku mutima, yashoje ivuga ko hasohotse igitabo gisobanura Ibyanditswe (“Toute Écriture est inspirée de Dieu et utile”). Icyo gitabo gishya gitanga ibisobanuro kuri buri gitabo cyo muri Bibiliya, kigasobanura ibyacyo byose, ni ukuvuga uwacyanditse, igihe cyandikiwe n’aho cyandikiwe, kigatanga n’ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibivugwamo ari ukuri. Nanone kigaragaza muri make ibivugwa muri buri gitabo, hanyuma hagakurikiraho agasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Kuki ari iby’ingenzi” kagaragaza akamaro icyo gitabo cyo muri Bibiliya gifitiye umusomyi. Icyo gitabo cyafashije cyane Abahamya ba Yehova muri gahunda yabo ihoraho yo kwiga Bibiliya, kandi nubwo kimaze imyaka irenga 30 gisohotse, kiracyakoreshwa mu Ishuri ry’Umurimo wa Gitewokarasi,!g

Abahamya ba Yehova ntibabuze kugerwaho n’ingaruka zo kuba isi yaragendaga ihindura uko ibona ibirebana n’ibitsina mu myaka ya 1960. Ababarirwa mu bihumbi bacibwaga mu itorero buri mwaka, nubwo ari bake ugereranyije n’umubare w’Abahamya bose, kandi abenshi muri bo babaga bazize ubusambanyi. Byari bikwiriye rero ko ubwoko bwa Yehova buhabwa inama zitajenjetse mu ikoraniro Abahamya ba Yehova bagize mu mwaka wa 1964. Lyle Reusch, umugenzuzi usura amatorero wakomokaga mu ntara ya Saskatchewan muri Kanada, yibuka disikuru yatanzwe yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Dukomeze kubungabunga isuku mu bwoko bw’Imana.” Yaravuze ati “iyo disikuru yavugaga ibirebana n’amahame mbwirizamuco yeruye, nta guca ku ruhande.”

Ibyari bikubiye muri iyo disikuru byaje gusohoka mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Ugushyingo 1964. Hari aho iyo disikuru yavugaga iti “mwa bakobwa mwe, ntimukemere kuba nk’igitambaro cy’amazi cyanduye gikoreshwa n’abantu bose, gihanagura ibiganza byanduye by’indaya zose z’abagabo bagereranywa n’‘imbwa.’”—Gereranya n’Ibyahishuwe 22:15.

Uwo muburo utajenjetse wari ugenewe Abahamya ba Yehova kugira ngo bakomeze kuba abantu batanduye mu by’umuco, maze bakomeze gutangaza ubutumwa bw’Ubwami.—Gereranya n’Abaroma 2:21-23.

“Mbwira, umwaka wa 1975 usobanura iki?”

Abahamya ba Yehova bamaze igihe kirekire bizera ko ubutegetsi bwa Kristo bw’imyaka igihumbi bwari gutangira gutegeka hashize imyaka 6.000 abantu babayeho. None se iyo myaka yari kurangira ryari? Igitabo cyasohotse mu makoraniro y’intara yabaye mu wa 1966, cyerekezaga ku mwaka wa 1975 (La vie éternelle dans la liberté des fils de Dieu). Abavandimwe basuzumye ibikubiye muri icyo gitabo gishya bakiri aho iryo koraniro ryabereye, byabateye kwibaza byinshi kuri uwo mwaka wa 1975.

Mu ikoraniro ryabereye mu mugi wa Baltimore, muri leta ya Maryland, F. W. Franz ni we watanze disikuru isoza. Yatangiye avuga ati “mbere gato y’uko nza hano kuri podiyumu, hari umusore waje arambaza ati ‘mbwira, umwaka wa 1975 usobanura iki?’” Franz yashubije abibazaga niba ibikubiye muri icyo gitabo gishya, byarasobanuraga ko Harimagedoni yari kuba mu mwaka wa 1975, kandi Satani akabohwa muri uwo mwaka. Yaravuze ati “birashoboka, uretse ko nta wabyemeza. Ku Mana byose birashoboka. Ariko ntidushatse kuvuga ko ari uko bizagenda. Kandi ntihagire n’undi muntu uwo ari we wese uvuga yemeza ko hari ikintu kizaba uhereye ubu ukageza mu mwaka wa 1975. Icyakora ncuti bavandimwe, ndagira ngo mbabwire ko igihe gisigaye ari gito. Icyo tudashidikanyaho, ni uko igihe kirimo gishira vuba cyane.”

Mu myaka yakurikiye uwo wa 1966, Abahamya ba Yehova benshi bakomeje gukurikiza iyo nama. Icyakora, hari izindi ngingo zanditswe zigira icyo zivuga kuri icyo gitekerezo, kandi zasaga n’izeruye kuruta uko byari bikwiriye. Ibyo byavuzwe mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Werurwe 1980 (ku ipaji ya 17). Ariko nanone Abahamya ba Yehova basabwe gukomeza gukora ibyo Yehova ashaka aho kwibanda ku matariki no kwitega kuzabona agakiza mu gihe cya vuba.h

Igikoresho cyihutishije umurimo

Mu mpera y’imyaka ya 1960, Abahamya ba Yehova batangazaga ubutumwa bwiza bumva ko bwihutirwa. Mu mwaka wa 1968, ababwiriza bariyongereye baba 1.221.504 mu bihugu 203. Nyamara, wasangaga abantu bamwe bamara imyaka n’imyaka biga Bibiliya ariko batabaho mu buryo buhuje n’ibyo bamenye. None se ni iki cyari gukorwa kugira ngo umurimo wo guhindura abantu abigishwa urusheho kwihuta?

Igisubizo cy’icyo kibazo cyabonetse mu wa 1968, igihe hasohokaga igitabo Ukuli Kuyobora ku Buzima bw’Iteka. Icyo gitabo cy’amapaji 192, cyari kigenewe abantu bashya bashimishijwe. Nanone cyarimo ibice bishishikaje bigera kuri 22, birimo ingingo zitandukanye urugero nk’igira iti “Kuki ukwiriye gusuzuma idini ryawe?,” “Impamvu dusaza kandi tugapfa,” “Abapfuye bari he?,” “Kuki Imana ireka ibibi bikabaho muri iki gihe?,” “Uko wamenya idini ry’ukuri,” “Uko wagira ibyishimo mu muryango.” Igitabo Ukuli cyari kigamije gufasha abigishwa ba Bibiliya gutekereza ku byo biga kandi bakabikurikiza.

Icyo gitabo gishya cyari kuzakoreshwa muri gahunda yo kwigisha abantu Bibiliya mu mezi atandatu. Umurimo Wacu w’Ubwami wo muri Nzeri 1968 wasobanuye uko icyo gitabo cyari kujya cyigwa, ugira uti “byaba byiza mugerageje kwiga igice cyose cy’igitabo ‘Ukuli’ buri cyumweru, nubwo bitakoroha wenda bitewe na nyir’inzu cyangwa igice mwiga. . . . Niba mumaze amezi atandatu mwigana kandi ukaba waragerageje kumutumira mu materaniro ariko ntaze kwifatanya n’itorero, ushobora gukoresha icyo gihe cyawe wigisha undi muntu wifuza kumenya ukuri kandi akagira amajyambere. Ishyirireho intego yo kugeza ubutumwa bwiza ku bigishwa ba Bibiliya, ku buryo muri ayo mezi atandatu bashishikarira gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo bize.”

Kandi koko ni ko babigenje. Mu gihe gito, iyo gahunda yo kwigisha abantu Bibiliya mu gihe cy’amezi atandatu yatanze umusaruro ushimishije. Mu myaka y’umurimo itatu, ni ukuvuga kuva ku itariki ya 1 Nzeri 1968 kugeza ku ya 31 Kanama 1971, habatijwe abantu 434.906, bakaba bari bakubye kabiri ababatijwe mu myaka y’umurimo itatu yayibanjirije. Icyo gitabo n’iyo gahunda yo kwiga Bibiliya mu mezi atandatu byagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwihutisha umurimo wo guhindura abantu abigishwa, kuko byaje mu gihe Abahamya ba Yehova bari bategereje kandi bumva ko ibintu byihutirwa.—Mat 28:19, 20.

“Bizagenda neza kuko biturutse kuri Yehova”

Hari hashize imyaka myinshi amatorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova ayoborwa n’umuvandimwe umwe ukuze mu buryo bw’umwuka washyizweho n’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society ngo abe umukozi w’itorero cyangwa “umugenzuzi,” na we akagira abandi ‘bakozi’ bashyizweho bo kumufasha (1 Tim 3:1-10, 12, 13).i Abo bagabo basabwaga gukorera umukumbi, aho kuwutwaza igitugu (1 Pet 5:1-4). Ariko se byari gushoboka ko amatorero yayoborwa nk’uko ayo mu kinyejana cya mbere yayoborwaga?

Mu makoraniro yabaye hirya no hino ku isi mu mwaka wa 1971, hatanzwe disikuru ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ubutegetsi bw’Imana mu bihugu bigendera kuri Demokarasi n’iby’Abakomunisiti.” Ku itariki ya 2 Nyakanga, umuvandimwe F. W. Franz yatangiye iyo disikuru muri sitade ya Yankee Stadium mu mugi wa New York. Yavuze ko iyo mu matorero yo mu kinyejana cya mbere habaga harimo abagabo benshi bujuje ibisabwa, itorero ryagiraga abagenzuzi barenze umwe (Fili 1:1). Yongeyeho ati “abagenzuzi bose bo mu itorero babaga bagize ‘inteko y’abasaza’ . . . Abagize iyo ‘nteko’ bose babaga bafite ububasha bungana, kandi bafite inshingano imwe. Nta n’umwe muri bo wabaga akomeye kuruta abandi, cyangwa ngo yubahwe kurusha abandi mu itorero” (1 Tim 4:14). Iyo disikuru yasusurukije abari mu ikoraniro bose. None se ibyo byari gutuma hahinduka iki mu matorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova yo ku isi hose?

Igisubizo cyaje nyuma y’iminsi ibiri, igihe umuvandimwe N. H. Knorr yatangaga disikuru isoza ikoraniro. Guhera ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1972, ni bwo iryo hinduka mu miyoborere y’amatorero yo hirya no hino ku isi ryari gutangira gukurikizwa. Ntihari kongera kubaho umukozi cyangwa umugenzuzi umwe w’itorero. Icyakora mu mezi yabanjirije itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1972, abagabo bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka bo muri buri torero bagombaga koherereza umuryango wa Watch Tower Society amazina y’abo babona ko bajya mu nteko y’abasaza (n’amazina y’abo babona ko baba abakozi b’itorero). Umwe muri abo basaza yari guhabwa inshingano yo guhagararira itorero,j ariko abasaza bose bakagira ububasha bungana kandi bakagira uruhare mu gufata imyanzuro. Umuvandimwe Knorr yabisobanuye avuga ati “iryo hinduka rizatuma imikorere y’amatorero irushaho guhuza n’Ijambo ry’Imana kandi twizeye tudashidikanya ko Yehova azaha umugisha iyo gahunda.”

Abari mu ikoraniro bakiriye bate iryo hinduka ryabaye mu miyoborere y’itorero? Hari umugenzuzi usura amatorero wavuze ati “bizagenda neza kuko biturutse kuri Yehova.” Undi Muhamya umaze igihe kirekire yaravuze ati “abagabo bose bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka bazifuza guhabwa inshingano mu itorero.” Ubwo rero abagabo bose bujuje ibisabwa bashoboraga ‘kwifuza’ inshingano yo kuba ‘abagenzuzi’ kandi bakayihabwa (1 Tim 3:1). Ibyo byari gutuma abavandimwe benshi barushaho kuba inararibonye mu gusohoza inshingano zo mu itorero. Nubwo icyo gihe batari babizi, abo bavandimwe bari bakenewe kugira ngo baragire umukumbi ugizwe n’imbaga y’abantu bashya bakomeje kwiyongera mu myaka yakurikiyeho.Nanone muri iryo koraniro hatangajwe ko hagiye kugira ibinonosorwa ku mikorere y’Inteko Nyobozi. Kuva ku itariki ya 6 Nzeri 1971, byemejwe ko abagize Inteko Nyobozi bari kujya basimburana ku mwanya wo kuyobora iyo nteko hakurikijwe uko inyuguti zibanza z’amazina yabo zikurikirana. Nyuma y’ibyumweru runaka, ni ukuvuga ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1971, F. W. Franz ni we wahawe inshingano yo kuyobora Inteko Nyobozi mu gihe cy’umwaka umwe.

Umwaka wakurikiyeho, muri Nzeri 1972, gahunda yo gusimburana ku nshingano yatangiye gukurikizwa mu matorero, ku buryo ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira iyo gahunda yari imaze gukurikizwa mu matorero hafi ya yose. Mu myaka itatu yakurikiyeho, Abahamya ba Yehova bariyongereye cyane, habatizwa abantu basaga 750.000. Hagati aho ariko, bagendaga basatira wa mwaka wa 1975. Ese iyo ibyo bari biteze byose bidasohora muri uwo mwaka, bari gukomeza kugira ishyaka mu murimo wo kubwiriza kandi bagakomeza kunga ubumwe ku isi hose?

Nathan H. Knorr, wari umugabo w’umunyamwete kandi ufite ubushobozi bwihariye bwo gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda, yamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo agira uruhare rukomeye mu guteza imbere gahunda yo kwigisha Abahamya no gufasha abantu kubona Bibiliya no kuyisobanukirwa. Ese kuba Inteko Nyobozi ari yo yari igiye kugira uruhare rugaragara mu kuyobora ibyo bikorwa, hari icyo byari guhindura kuri izo ntego?

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 92]

Bakomeje kubwiriza nubwo bafungwaga kandi bakagirirwa nabi

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 94]

‘Gahunda yaguye yo kwagura amazu no kwigisha itari yarigeze ibaho’

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 103]

Bavuguruje abajora Bibiliya

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 104]

“Icyakora ncuti bavandimwe, ndagira ngo mbabwire ko igihe gisigaye ari gito”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 106]

“Abagabo bose bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka bazifuza guhabwa inshingano”

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 91]

N. H. Knorr yari muntu ki?

Nathan Homer Knorr yavukiye mu mugi wa Bethlehem, muri leta ya Pennsylvania, muri Amerika, ku itariki ya 23 Mata 1905. Amaze kugira imyaka 16, yatangiye kwifatanya n’itorero ry’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bo mu mugi wa Allentown. Mu wa 1922, yagiye mu ikoraniro ryabereye mu mugi wa Cedar Point, muri leta ya Ohio, ahita afata umwanzuro wo kuva mu idini yari arimo (“Reformed Church”). Umwaka wakurikiyeho, ku itariki ya 4 Nyakanga 1923, Frederick W. Franz amaze gutanga disikuru y’umubatizo, Nathan wari ufite imyaka 18 icyo gihe, ari mu babatirijwe mu mugezi wa Little Lehigh, uri mu burasirazuba bwa leta ya Pennsylvania. Ku itariki ya 6 Nzeri 1923, Knorr yatangiye gukora kuri Beteli i Brooklyn.

Knorr yitanze atizigamye akora mu Rwego Rushinzwe Kohereza Ibitabo, kandi ntibyatinze kugaragara ko yari afite ubushobozi bwihariye bwo gushyira ibintu kuri gahunda. Igihe Robert J. Martin wari uhagarariye icapiro ry’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society yapfaga ku itariki ya 23 Nzeri 1932, Knorr ni we wamusimbuye. Ku itariki ya 11 Mutarama 1934, Knorr yatorewe kuba umwe mu bayobozi b’umuryango wari uhagarariye Watch Tower Society mu rwego rw’amategeko (Peoples Pulpit Association, ubu witwa Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.), mu mwaka wakurikiyeho atorerwa kuba visi perezida w’uwo muryango. Ku itariki ya 10 Kamena 1940, yabaye visi perezida w’umuryango wo muri Pennsylvania wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. Muri Mutarama 1942, yatorewe kuba perezida w’iyo miryango yombi hamwe n’umuryango uhagarariye Abahamya ba Yehova mu rwego rw’amategeko mu Bwongereza (International Bible Students Association).

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, umwe mu bantu bakoranye n’umuvandimwe Knorr bari abajyanama be biringirwa, ni Frederick W. Franz wamurutaga mu myaka, kandi wari waragiriye akamaro kanini abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bitewe n’uko yari azi indimi nyinshi akaba n’intiti mu bya Bibiliya.

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 93]

Twiteze ibintu byiza mu gihe kiri imbere

Abaje mu “Ikoraniro rya gitewokarasi ry’isi nshya” ryabereye mu mugi wa Cleveland, muri leta ya Ohio, muri Nzeri 1942, bashimishijwe cyane na disikuru yatanzwe n’umuvandimwe wari ukuze, witwa W. E. Van Amburgh, wari umubitsi n’umunyamabanga w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Yabibukije ko ikoraniro rya mbere yagiyemo ryari ryabereye mu mugi wa Chicago mu mwaka wa 1900, kandi ko ryari ikoraniro “rinini”; icyo gihe hateranye abantu 250 bose. Amaze kuvuga andi makoraniro manini yagiye aba uko imyaka yagendaga ihita, yashoje disikuru ye avuga ikintu gishimishije cyari kuzaba. Yaravuze ati “muri iri koranirok turabona turi benshi cyane ugereranyije n’andi makoraniro twagiye tugira. Ariko jye ndabona iri koraniro na ryo ari rito cyane urigereranyije n’andi tuzagira mu gihe kiri imbere, Umwami wacu natangira gukorakoranya ubwoko bwe buturutse hirya no hino ku isi.”

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku/Amakarita yo ku ipaji ya 96]

Ingendo N. H. Knorr yakoze mu wa 1945-1956

1945-1946: Amerika yo hagati, Amerika ya Ruguru, Amerika y’Epfo, u Burayi, Ibirwa bya Karayibe

1947-1948: Amerika ya Ruguru, Ibirwa bya Pasifika, Uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati, u Burayi, Afurika

1949-1950: Amerika ya Ruguru, Amerika yo hagati, Amerika y’Epfo, Ibirwa bya Karayibe

1951-1952: Amerika ya Ruguru, Ibirwa byo muri Pasifika, Uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, u Burayi, Uburasirazuba bwo Hagati, Afurika

1953-1954: Amerika y’Epfo, Ibirwa bya Karayibe, Amerika ya Ruguru, Amerika yo Hagati

1955-1956: u Burayi, Ibirwa byo muri Pasifika, uburasirazuba bwa Aziya, Amerika ya Ruguru, Uburasirazuba bwo hagati, Afurika y’Amajyaruguru

[Amakarita]

(Reba mu gitabo)

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 105]

“Uyu munsi nisubiyeho”

Igitabo “Ukuli Kuyobora ku Buzima bw’Iteka” cyasohotse mu mwaka wa 1968, Abahamya ba Yehova bagikoreshaga bigisha Bibiliya abantu bashimishijwe. Icyo gitabo cyari kiziye igihe, cyafashije abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi amagana kugira ubumenyi nyakuri bw’Ibyanditswe. Mu mwaka wa 1973 hari ibaruwa yanditswe n’umusomyi wo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika ashimira kubera icyo gitabo. Iyo baruwa yagiraga iti “uyu munsi hari umugore w’imico myiza wageze iwanjye ampa igitabo cyitwa ‘Ukuli Kuyobora ku Buzima bw’Iteka.’ Nagisomye ndakirangiza. Nabera ni ubwa mbere nasoma igitabo cy’amapaji 190 mu munsi umwe nkakirangiza. Kuva ku itariki ya 29 Kamena 1967, nari nararetse kwemera Imana. Ariko uyu munsi nisubiyeho.”

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 95]

Aho Ishuri rya Gileyadi ryaberaga i South Lansing, muri leta ya New York

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 97]

Umuvandimwe Knorr yasuye Kiba; yakoze ingendo nyinshi hirya no hino ku isi

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 98]

Umuvandimwe Knorr yumvaga ko Umuhamya wese yagombye kuba ashoboye kubwiriza ku nzu n’inzu

U Bwongereza

Libani

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 99]

Igihe Knorr yari perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society yamaze imyaka 35 akorana mu buryo bwa bugufi n’umuvandimwe Franz

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 100]

Abari bagize inama y’ubuyobozi y’umuryango Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, mu myaka ya 1950. (Uhereye ibumoso ugana iburyo) Lyman A. Swingle, Thomas J. Sullivan, Grant Suiter, Hugo H. Riemer, Nathan H. Knorr, Frederick W. Franz, Milton G. Henschel

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 102]

Mu mwaka wa 1958, abantu baturutse mu bihugu 123 baje muri sitade ya Yankee Stadium, mu ikoraniro mpuzamahanga ryari rifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Abakora ibyo Imana ishaka”

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 107]

Bimwe mu bitabo byakoreshwaga mu murimo wo kubwiriza

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 107]

Ibitabo byatozaga Abahamya ba Yehova kubwiriza

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 107]

Ibitabo byatumaga ubwoko bwa Yehova bukomera mu buryo bw’umwuka

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 107]

Ibitabo byo kwigiramo no gukora ubushakashatsi