Igice cya 15

Uko imikorere yabo yagiye itera imbere

UHEREYE igihe Charles Taze Russell na bagenzi be batangiraga kwigira hamwe Bibiliya mu mwaka wa 1870, hari ibintu byinshi byagiye bihinduka mu mikorere y’Abahamya ba Yehova. Igihe Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bari bakiri bake, nta bintu byinshi abandi bashoboraga guheraho bavuga ko bagize umuryango ukorera kuri gahunda. Icyakora muri iki gihe, iyo abantu babonye amatorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova, amakoraniro yabo n’ukuntu babwiriza ubutumwa bwiza mu bihugu bisaga 200, batangazwa n’imikorere inoze y’umuryango wabo. Uwo muryango watangiye ute?

Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bashishikazwaga cyane no gusobanukirwa inyigisho zo muri Bibiliya no kumenya uburyo umurimo w’Imana wagombaga gukorwamo nk’uko Ibyanditswe bibigaragaza. Basobanukiwe ko Bibiliya itagaragaza ko hagomba kubaho abayobozi b’idini bashinzwe kwigisha ngo habeho n’abayoboke basanzwe bagenewe kwigishwa gusa. Umuvandimwe Russell yari yariyemeje ko batazigera bagira itsinda ry’abayobozi b’idini.a Abasomyi b’Umunara w’Umurinzi bahoraga bibutswa ko Yesu yabwiye abigishwa be ati ‘Umuyobozi wanyu ni umwe, ni Kristo’ naho ‘mwebwe mwese muri abavandimwe.’—Mat 23:8, 10.

Umuryango wa mbere w’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya

Abasomaga Umunara w’Umurinzi n’ibindi bitabo by’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society ntibatinze kubona ko kugira ngo bashimishe Imana, bagombaga guca ukubiri n’idini iryo ari ryose ritakomezaga kubera Imana indahemuka bitewe no gukurikiza inyigisho n’imigenzo by’abantu aho gukurikiza Ijambo ryayo ryanditswe (2 Kor 6:14-18). None se nyuma yo kuva mu madini yiyita aya gikristo, bagiye he?

Umuvandimwe Russell yanditse ingingob yagaragazaga ko kiliziya y’ukuri, ni ukuvuga itorero rya gikristo, atari umuryango ugizwe n’abantu bakurikiza inyigisho z’abantu kandi banditswe mu bitabo by’abayoboke. Yasobanuye ko rigizwe n’abantu “bitanze” (cyangwa biyeguriye Imana), bagakoresha igihe cyabo, ubuhanga bwabo n’ubuzima bwabo mu murimo w’Imana, kandi bafite ibyiringiro byo kuzategekana na Kristo mu Bwami bwo mu ijuru. Yavuze ko abo ari Abakristo bahujwe n’imirunga y’urukundo rwa gikristo kandi bahuje intego, bakurikiza ubuyobozi bw’umwuka w’Imana kandi bakagandukira ubutware bwa Kristo. Umuvandimwe Russell ntiyifuzaga gushyiraho indi gahunda, kandi yirinze kugira uruhare urwo ari rwo rwose mu macakubiri yarangwaga mu biyitaga Abakristo.

Ariko kandi, yari asobanukiwe neza ko abagaragu b’Umwami bagomba guteranira hamwe, bakurikije inama bagiriwe mu Baheburayo 10:23-25. Yasuraga abasomyi b’Umunara w’Umurinzi akabatera inkunga, akabahuza n’abandi basomyi bo mu karere k’iwabo bahuje ibitekerezo. Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1881, yasabye ko abantu bose bari bafite gahunda ihoraho yo guteranira hamwe bamenyesha ibiro bya Watch Tower aho ayo materaniro yaberaga. Yabonaga ko byari iby’ingenzi ko bakomeza gushyikirana.

Icyakora, umuvandimwe Russell yatsindagirije ko batageragezaga gushyiraho “umuryango wo ku isi.” Ahubwo yaravuze ati “twifatanya n’umuryango wo mu ijuru, kandi amazina y’abawugize ‘yanditswe mu ijuru’ (Heb 12:23; Luka 10:20).” Bitewe n’amateka mabi yaranze amadini yiyita aya gikristo, iyo umuntu yavugaga “umuryango w’idini” abantu bahitaga bumva amadini arangwa n’amacakubiri, afite abayobozi b’idini n’abayoboke basanzwe, bakurikiza inyigisho zashyizweho n’inama y’idini. Bityo rero, umuvandimwe Russell yumvaga ko byarushaho kuba byiza biswe gusa “umuryango.”

Yari azi neza ko intumwa za Kristo zari zifite amatorero kandi ko muri buri torero hashyirwagaho abasaza. Icyakora yizeraga ko Kristo yari ahari, nubwo yari ahari mu buryo butagaragara, kandi yari yizeye ko Kristo ubwe yagenzuraga umurimo wa nyuma w’isarura ry’abazaba abaraganwa na we. Ni yo mpamvu mu mizo ya mbere umuvandimwe Russell yumvaga ko bitari bikiri ngombwa ko mu gihe cy’isarura haba gahunda y’abasaza, nk’iyariho mu itorero rya gikristo ryo mu kinyejana cya mbere.

Ariko kandi, Abigishwa ba Bibiliya bamaze kuba benshi, umuvandimwe Russell yabonye ko Umwami yayoboraga ibintu mu buryo butandukanye n’uko we yabitekerezaga. Byari ngombwa ko bahindura uko babonaga ibintu. Ariko se bari kubihindura bashingiye ku ki?

Bita ku byo umuryango wa mbere wagendaga waguka wari ukeneye

Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Ugushyingo 1895, hafi ya wose wibanze ku ngingo ivuga ngo “Bikorwe mu buryo bwiyubashye no kuri gahunda.” Umuvandimwe Russell yavugishije ukuri ati “intumwa zagiriye itorero ryo mu kinyejana cya mbere inama nyinshi zerekeranye na gahunda yagombaga kurangwa mu materaniro y’abera; ariko birasa n’aho twirengagije izo nama zihuje n’ubwenge, tukumva ko nta gaciro kenshi zigifite, bitewe n’uko itorero riri hafi kurangiza urugendo kandi isarura rikaba ari igihe cyo gutandukanya.” Ni iki cyatumye bongera gusuzuma izo nama?

Iyo ngingo yagaragaje impamvu enye zabiteye: (1) Byaragaragaraga ko abantu batagira amajyambere yo mu buryo bw’umwuka mu rugero rungana. Abantu bose ntibari bafite ubushobozi bungana bwo guhangana n’ibishuko, ibigeragezo n’ingorane. Bityo rero, hari hakenewe abagenzuzi b’abanyabwenge, ni ukuvuga abagabo b’inararibonye bashoboye, bashishikajwe by’ukuri n’icyatuma abagize itorero bose bamererwa neza mu buryo bw’umwuka kandi bafite ubushobozi bwo kubigisha ukuri. (2) Byari byaragaragaye ko umukumbi wari ukeneye kurindwa ‘amasega yitwikiriye uruhu rw’intama’ (Mat 7:15). Bari bakeneye gufashwa gusobanukirwa neza ukuri kugira ngo bakomere mu buryo bw’umwuka. (3) Byari byaragaragaye ko kutagira gahunda yo gushyiraho abasaza bo kurinda umukumbi, byari gutuma bamwe biha iyo nshingano, maze bagafata umukumbi nk’uwabo. (4) Iyo hadashyirwaho gahunda ihamye, imihati y’abantu bashyigikiraga ukuri mu budahemuka yari kuba imfabusa bitewe n’ibitekerezo bibi by’abantu bake babavuguruzaga.

Ibyo ni byo byatumye Umunara w’Umurinzi uvuga uti “dusabye Kiliziya zose,c aho ziri hose, zaba zigizwe n’abantu benshi cyangwa bake, ko zakurikiza inama zatanzwe n’intumwa, muri buri mutwe hagatoranywa abasaza bo ‘kuragira’ umukumbi kandi ‘bakawurinda’” (Ibyak 14:21-23; 20:17, 28). Amatorero yakurikije iyo nama nziza ishingiye ku Byanditswe. Iyo yari intambwe y’ingenzi mu gushyiraho gahunda y’itorero yari ihuje n’iyariho mu gihe cy’intumwa.

Icyakora, bahuje n’uko bumvaga ibintu icyo gihe, abasaza b’itorero n’abadiyakoni bo kubafasha, bashyirwagaho binyuze mu matora yakorwaga n’abagize itorero. Buri mwaka, cyangwa incuro nyinshi mu mwaka iyo byabaga ngombwa, basuzumaga niba hari abujuje ibisabwa hanyuma hakaba amatora. Iyo yari gahunda ya demokarasi, uretse ko yari ifite amahame ayigenga yatumaga hatabaho kurengera. Abagize itorero bose baterwaga inkunga yo gusuzuma neza ibyo Bibiliya isaba abahabwa inshingano, hanyuma bagatora bagaragaza ibyo batekerezaga ko ari byo Umwami ashaka, aho kugendera ku marangamutima. Kubera ko abari “bariyeguriye Umwami mu buryo bwuzuye” ari bo bonyine bemererwaga gutora, iyo batoraga bayobowe n’Ijambo ry’Umwami n’umwuka we, byagaragazaga ibyo Umwami ashaka. Nubwo umuvandimwe Russell ashobora kuba atari abizi neza, yashyizeho iyo gahunda mu rugero runaka bitewe n’uko yari yariyemeje kwirinda ikintu cyose gisa n’itsinda ry’abayobozi b’idini hamwe n’ibyo yari yarabonye akiri muto mu idini yahozemo ry’Abakongeregasiyonalisiti.

Igihe igitabo cyavugaga iby’ubutegetsi bw’imyaka igihumbi cyongeraga gusuzuma mu buryo burambuye inshingano y’abasaza n’uko bagomba gutoranywa, cyibanze cyane ku bivugwa mu Byakozwe 14:23 (umubumbe w’igitabo L’Aurore du Millénium wari ufite umutwe uvuga ngo La nouvelle création, wasohotse mu wa 1904). Urutonde rw’amagambo yakoreshejwe mu rurimi rw’umwimerere rwakozwe na James Strong na Robert Young, ni rwo rwashingiweho batekereza ko amagambo ngo “babashyiriraho abasaza” yagombye guhindurwa ngo “babatorera abasaza bashyira amaboko hejuru.”d Hari n’ubuhinduzi bwa Bibiliya buvuga ngo abasaza ‘bashyirwaho binyuze mu matora’ (Young’s Literal Translation of the Holy Bible; Rotherham’s Emphasised Bible). Ariko se ni ba nde bagombaga kubatora?

Gutekereza ko amatora yagombaga gukorwa n’abagize itorero bose si ko buri gihe byageraga ku ntego yabaga yitezwe. Abatoraga bagombaga kuba ari abantu “biyeguriye Umwami mu buryo bwuzuye,” kandi bamwe mu batorwaga babaga mu by’ukuri bujuje ibisabwa mu Byanditswe kandi bakoreraga abavandimwe babo bicishije bugufi. Icyakora incuro nyinshi abantu batoraga bagendeye ku marangamutima aho kuyoborwa n’Ijambo ry’Imana n’umwuka wayo. Urugero, i Halle mu Budage, hari abatekerezaga ko bagombaga gutorerwa kuba abasaza ntibabona imyanya bari biteze, maze bateza amacakubiri akomeye mu itorero. Mu mwaka wa 1927 bamwe mu bari abakandida i Barmen mu Budage, barwanyaga umurimo wakorwaga n’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, kandi bateje akaduruvayo mu matora basakuza cyane. Byabaye ngombwa ko amatora azajya aba mu ibanga.

Na mbere y’uko ibyo bibazo bivuka, mu mwaka wa 1916 umuvandimwe Russell yari yaranditse agaragaza impungenge ze agira ati “hari ibintu biteye agahinda biba mu Mashuri amwe n’amwe mu gihe cy’amatora. Abakozi ba Kiliziya bagerageza kuba abategetsi, bagatwaza igitugu, rimwe na rimwe bagahagararira amatora bafite intego yo kugira ngo bo hamwe n’abo bafitanye ubucuti bwihariye batorerwe kuba Abasaza n’Abadiyakoni. . . . Hari n’abagerageza kwigarurira Ishuri bucece, bagakoresha amatora mu gihe kibanogeye bo n’incuti zabo. Abandi bo bashaka uko bazana mu matora incuti zabo nyinshi, bakazanamo n’abantu batifatanya n’Ishuri kandi badafite igitekerezo cyo guterana buri gihe, bakaza mu rwego rwa gicuti gusa, baje gutora umwe mu ncuti zabo.”

Ese icyo bari bakeneye ni ukwiga uko bajya bakora amatora ya demokarasi akozwe mu mucyo, cyangwa hari ikindi kintu cyo mu Ijambo ry’Imana bari batarasobanukirwa?

Hashyirwaho gahunda yo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza

Kuva bagitangira, umuvandimwe Russell yabonye ko inshingano ikomeye kurusha izindi zose ireba buri wese mu bagize itorero rya gikristo, ari umurimo wo kuvuga ubutumwa (1 Pet 2:9). Umunara w’Umurinzi wasobanuye ko amagambo y’ubuhanuzi yo muri Yesaya 61:1 atasohoreye kuri Yesu wenyine, ahubwo ko yasohoreye no ku bigishwa be bose basutsweho umwuka. Ayo magambo agira ati ‘Yehova yarantoranyije kugira ngo mbwire abicisha bugufi ubutumwa bwiza,’ cyangwa nk’uko ubuhinduzi bwa King James Version buhindura amagambo y’uwo murongo Yesu yasubiyemo, agira ati ‘yarantoranyije kugira ngo mbwirize ivanjiri.’—Luka 4:18.

Mu mwaka wa 1881, Umunara w’Umurinzi wasohoye ingingo yavugaga ngo “Hakenewe ababwiriza 1.000.” Iyo ngingo yashishikarizaga buri wese mu bari bagize itorero gukoresha igihe cyose yashoboraga kubona (cyaba igice cy’isaha, isaha imwe, abiri cyangwa atatu) mu murimo wo gukwirakwiza ukuri kwa Bibiliya. Abagabo n’abagore batari bafite imiryango bagomba gutunga, kandi bashoboraga guharira kimwe cya kabiri cy’igihe cyabo cyangwa kirenga mu murimo w’Umwami, batewe inkunga yo kuba abakoruporuteri. Umubare wabo warahindukaga cyane buri mwaka, ariko mu mwaka wa 1885 hari abakoruporuteri bagera kuri 300. Hari n’abandi bifatanyaga muri uwo murimo ariko bakabikora mu rugero ruto. Abakoruporuteri bahabwaga inama zabafashaga gusohoza umurimo wabo. Icyakora ifasi yari nini cyane, kandi mu mizo ya mbere bihitiragamo ifasi babwirizamo, bakava mu karere kamwe bajya mu kandi uko babyumva. Hanyuma iyo bahuriraga mu makoraniro, bagiraga ibyo bahindura kugira ngo bahurize hamwe imihati yabo.

Mu mwaka umurimo w’ubukoruporuteri watangiriyeho, umuvandimwe Russell yari afite inkuru z’Ubwami (cyangwa udutabo) zacapwe kugira ngo zitangirwe ubuntu. Izwi cyane muri zo ni iyari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ibyokurya bigenewe Abakristo bakunda gutekereza” (Food for Thinking Christians), hakaba haratanzwe kopi zayo 1.200.000 mu mezi ane ya mbere. Umurimo wo gucapa no gukwirakwiza izo nkuru z’Ubwami ni wo watumye hashingwa umuryango wa Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society kugira ngo wite ku bindi byajyanaga na wo. Umuvandimwe Russell yashakiye uwo muryango ubuzima gatozi kugira ngo uzakomeze kwita ku murimo amaze gupfa kandi ujye wita ku mpano zitangwa kugira ngo zikoreshwe mu murimo, ukaba warabuhawe ku itariki ya 15 Ukuboza 1884. Nguko uko havutse igikoresho cyo mu rwego rw’amategeko cyari gikenewe.

Ibiro by’amashami by’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society byagendaga bishingwa mu bindi bihugu hakurikijwe ibyari bikenewe. Ibya mbere byashinzwe i Londres mu Bwongereza ku itariki ya 23 Mata 1900. Ibindi byashinzwe i Elberfeld mu Budage mu mwaka wa 1902. Hashize imyaka ibiri, hafunguwe ibiro by’ishami i Melbourne muri Ositaraliya. Igihe iki gitabo cyandikwaga, hari amashami 99 hirya no hino ku isi.

Nubwo bagendaga banonosora imikorere yabo kugira ngo haboneke ibitabo byinshi by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya, mu mizo ya mbere amatorero ni yo yishyiriragaho gahunda zo gukwirakwiza ibyo bitabo mu mafasi yayo. Mu rwandiko umuvandimwe Russell yanditse ku itariki ya 16 Werurwe 1900, yavuze uko yabonaga iyo gahunda. Muri urwo rwandiko yari yandikiye “Alexander M. Graham, na Kiliziya y’i Boston muri Massachusetts,” yaravuze ati “nk’uko mwese mubizi, nafashe umwanzuro wo kurekera buri mutwe w’abagize ubwoko bw’Umwami uburenganzira bwo gushyira kuri gahunda ibikorwa byabo bakurikije uko babyumva, nkabagezaho ibitekerezo ntagamije kwivanga mu bibazo byabo, ahubwo ngamije gusa kubagira inama.” Ibyo ntibyari bikubiyemo amateraniro gusa, ahubwo byari bikubiyemo n’uburyo basohozaga umurimo wabo wo kubwiriza. Amaze kugira abavandimwe inama zifatika, yashoje avuga ati “iki ni igitekerezo gusa nabagezagaho.”

Hari ibikorwa bimwe na bimwe byasabaga ko umuryango wa Watch Tower Society utanga ubuyobozi busobanutse. Ku birebana no kwerekana filimi ivuga iby’irema (Photo-Drame de la Création), buri torero ryasuzumaga niba ryifuza gukodesha inzu yo kuyerekaniramo kandi rikareba niba ribishoboye. Icyakora ibikoresho byagombaga kuvanwa mu mugi umwe bijyanwa mu wundi, kandi hariho ingengabihe yagombaga gukurikizwa. Bityo, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society watangaga ubuyobozi. Buri torero ryashishikarizwaga kugira Komite ya Darame yitaga ku bikenewe. Ariko intumwa yabaga yoherejwe n’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society yagombaga gukurikiranira hafi imyiteguro kugira ngo ibintu byose bigende neza.

Umwaka wa 1914 urangiye n’uwa 1915 ukarangira, abo Bakristo basutsweho umwuka bari bategerezanyije amatsiko isohozwa ry’ibyiringiro byabo byo mu ijuru. Ariko nanone, bashishikarijwe gukomeza guhugira mu murimo w’Umwami. Nubwo babonaga ko igihe bari bashigaje kubaho mu mubiri cyari gito, basobanukiwe ko bari bakeneye ubuyobozi buhamye kugira ngo bakomeze gukora umurimo wo kubwiriza kuri gahunda kuruta uko bari babukeneye igihe bari bakiri bake babarirwa mu magana. Hashize igihe gito J. F. Rutherford abaye perezida wa kabiri w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, hatangiye gutangwa ubuyobozi bushya. Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 Werurwe 1917 wavuze ko kuva icyo gihe, amafasi yose yabwirizwagamo n’abakoruporuteri n’abandi babwirizae bo mu matorero, yari kujya atangwa n’ibiro by’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Iyo habaga hari ababwiriza bo mu matorero n’abakoruporuteri babwiriza mu mugi umwe cyangwa akarere kamwe, komite y’intara ni yo yabagabanyaga ifasi. Iyo gahunda yatumye mu mwaka wa 1917-1918 hakorwa umurimo uhambaye wo gutanga igitabo cyasobanuraga ubuhanuzi (Le mystère accompli) urangira mu mezi make gusa. Nanone iyo gahunda yagize uruhare rugaragara mu gutuma hatangwa mu gihe gito cyane kopi 10.000.000 z’inkuru y’Ubwami yavugaga ngo “Babuloni yaguye,” ikaba yarashyiraga ahabona amadini yiyita aya gikristo.

Hashize igihe gito, abari bahagarariye umuryango wa Watch Tower Society barafashwe, maze ku itariki ya 21 Kamena 1918 bakatirwa ibifungo by’imyaka 20. Umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza wasaga n’uwahagaze. Ese noneho igihe cyari kigeze ngo basange Umwami mu ikuzo ryo mu ijuru?

Nyuma y’amezi make, intambara yararangiye. Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, abari bahagarariye umuryango wa Watch Tower Society barafunguwe. Bari bakiri mu mubiri. Ibyo byari binyuranye n’ibyo bari biteze, ariko basobanukiwe ko Imana igomba kuba yari ikibafitiye umurimo bagombaga gukora hano ku isi.

Bari bamaze kunyura mu bigeragezo bikomeye byagerageje ukwizera kwabo. Icyakora mu mwaka wa 1919, Umunara w’Umurinzi wabakomeje binyuze ku ngingo zishishikaje zishingiye ku Byanditswe zavugaga ngo “Hahirwa abadatinya.” Hakurikiyeho ingingo yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Uburyo bwo gukora umurimo.” Icyakora abavandimwe ntibiyumvishaga ukuntu mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo yari gukurikiraho hari ibintu byinshi byari guhinduka mu mikorere y’umuryango wabo.

Ibyitegererezo by’umukumbi

Umuvandimwe Rutherford yasobanukiwe ko kugira ngo umurimo ukomeze gutera imbere kuri gahunda no mu bumwe, nubwo haba hasigaye igihe gito gute, umukumbi wari ukeneye cyane abawubera ibyitegererezo. Yesu yari yaravuze ko abigishwa be bagereranywa n’intama, kandi ko intama zikurikira umwungeri wazo. Birumvikana ko Yesu ari we Mwungeri mwiza, ariko nanone akoresha abasaza, bakaba abungeri bungirije b’ubwoko bwe (1 Pet 5:1-3). Abo basaza bagomba kuba ari abagabo bifatanya mu murimo Yesu yadushinze kandi bagashishikariza abandi kuwukora. Bagomba kuba bafite icyifuzo kivuye ku mutima cyo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Icyakora, mu gihe cyo gutanga igitabo cyasobanuraga ubuhanuzi (Le mystère accompli), hari abasaza banze kwifatanya muri uwo murimo, ndetse hari n’aberuraga bakabuza abandi kuwukora.

Mu mwaka wa 1919 hafashwe ingamba zifatika zo gukosora icyo kibazo igihe hatangiraga gusohoka igazeti nshya (L’âge d’Or). Iyo gazeti yabaye igikoresho gifite imbaraga cyo gutangaza Ubwami bw’Imana, bwo muti urambye w’ibibazo by’abantu. Buri torero ryifuzaga kwifatanya muri uwo murimo ryashishikarijwe gusaba umuryango wa Watch Tower Society ukaryandika, rikaba “urwego rw’umurimo.” Hanyuma, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society washyiragaho umuyobozi, waje kwitwa umuyobozi w’umurimo, utaratorwaga buri mwaka.f Kubera ko yabaga ahagarariye umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, ni we wagenzuraga umurimo, agatanga amafasi kandi agashishikariza abagize itorero kwifatanya mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Uretse abasaza n’abadiyakoni batorwaga mu buryo bwa demokarasi, hatangiye ubundi buryo bushya bwo gushyiraho abavandimwe batatorwaga n’itorero, bwatumaga bibandaga cyane ku murimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza bw’Ubwami bw’Imana.g

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, umurimo wo gutangaza Ubwami wari warafashe umurego ku buryo utashoboraga gusubira inyuma. Ibintu byabaye mu mwaka wa 1914 na nyuma yaho byagaragaje ko ubuhanuzi bukomeye Umwami Yesu Kristo yavuze bwerekeye imperuka y’isi bwarimo busohozwa. Ibyo ni byo byatumye mu mwaka wa 1920 Umunara w’Umurinzi ugaragaza ko nk’uko byari byarahanuwe muri Matayo 24:14, icyo cyari igihe cyo gutangaza ubutumwa bwiza bwerekeye “imperuka y’iyi si ishaje no gushyirwaho k’Ubwami bwa Mesiya” (Mat 24:14, 3-14).h Nyuma y’ikoraniro ry’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya ryabereye i Cedar Point muri leta ya Ohio, mu mwaka wa 1922, abateranye batashye intero ari imwe ngo “Nimutangaze, mutangaze, mutangaze Umwami n’ubwami bwe.” Uruhare rw’Abakristo b’ukuri rwarushijeho kugaragara mu mwaka wa 1931, igihe batangiraga kwitwa Abahamya ba Yehova.

Byarigaragazaga ko Yehova yahaye abagaragu be bose umurimo bagombaga gukora. Bawitabiriye babigiranye ishyaka. Hari benshi bagize ibintu bikomeye bahindura mu buzima bwabo kugira ngo bashobore kumara igihe cyabo cyose mu murimo. Ndetse n’abatarashoboraga gukora umurimo w’igihe cyose, benshi muri bo bamaraga umunsi wose mu murimo wo kubwiriza mu mpera z’icyumweru. Mu mwaka wa 1938 no mu wa 1939, Abahamya ba Yehova batewe inkunga binyuze ku Munara w’Umurinzi n’Umurimo Wacu w’Ubwami (icyo gihe witwaga Informateur), maze benshi bihatira kumara amasaha 60 buri kwezi mu murimo wo kubwiriza.

Muri abo Bahamya barangwaga n’ishyaka harimo abagaragu ba Yehova benshi bicishaga bugufi kandi bari baramwiyeguriye ari abasaza mu matorero. Icyakora mu myaka ya 1920 no mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1930, mu duce tumwe na tumwe hari benshi barwanyaga igitekerezo cy’uko buri wese agomba kwifatanya mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Akenshi wasangaga abasaza babaga baratowe mu buryo bwa demokarasi ari bo barwanyaga mu buryo bweruye ibyo Umunara w’Umurinzi wavugaga ku byerekeye inshingano yo kubwiriza abantu bo hanze y’itorero. Bangaga gutega amatwi ibyo umwuka w’Imana ubwira amatorero binyuze ku Byanditswe Byera kuri iyo ngingo, bigatuma umwuka w’Imana udakorera muri ayo matsinda.—Ibyah 2:5, 7.

Mu mwaka wa 1932 hafashwe ingamba zo gukosora icyo kibazo. Abavandimwe ntibari bahangayikishijwe n’uko abasaza bamwe bari bakomeye bari kurakara cyangwa bamwe mu bifatanyaga n’itorero bakarivamo. Ahubwo bifuzaga gushimisha Yehova no gukora ibyo ashaka. Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Kanama n’uwo ku ya 1 Nzeri yasohotse muri uwo mwaka yarimo ingingo zivuga ngo “Umuryango wa Yehova.”

Izo ngingo zagaragazaga neza ko abantu bose bari mu muryango w’abagaragu ba Yehova by’ukuri bagombaga gukora umurimo Ijambo rye rivuga ko ugomba gukorwa. Izo ngingo zatsindagirizaga ko kuba umusaza mu itorero rya gikristo atari umwanya umuntu agomba gutorerwa ahubwo ko abigeraho bitewe n’uko yagaragaje ko akuze mu buryo bw’umwuka. By’umwihariko, izo ngingo zibanze ku isengesho rya Yesu rivuga ko abigishwa be bose bagomba ‘kuba umwe,’ bakunga ubumwe n’Imana hamwe na Kristo, bityo bakunga ubumwe mu gukora ibyo Imana ishaka (Yoh 17:21). Ibyo byagize izihe ngaruka? Ingingo ya kabiri yavugaga ko “buri wese mu basigaye agomba guhamya izina rya Yehova Imana n’ubwami bwe.” Inshingano y’ubugenzuzi ntiyagombaga guhabwa umuntu wese wananiwe cyangwa wanze gukora ibyo yashoboraga mu rugero runaka kugira ngo yifatanye mu murimo wo guhamya mu ruhame.

Amatorero amaze kwiga izo ngingo, yasabwe gufata icyemezo kigaragaza ko abyemeye. Uko ni ko amatora y’abasaza n’abadiyakoni yabaga mu itorero buri mwaka yakuweho. I Belfast muri Irilande ya Ruguru kimwe n’ahandi, bamwe mu basaza bari “baratowe” bavuye mu itorero, abandi bari bafite imitekerereze nk’iyabo na bo barabakurikira. Ibyo byatumye abantu bagabanuka mu matorero ariko umuryango wose w’abagaragu ba Yehova urakomera. Hasigaye abantu bari biteguye gusohoza inshingano ya gikristo yo guhamya. Aho gutora abasaza, amatorero yashyiragaho komite y’umurimo.i Iyo komite yari igizwe n’abasaza bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka bifatanya mu murimo wo kubwiriza mu ruhame babigiranye ishyaka, ariko yari agikoresha uburyo bwa demokarasi. Nanone abagize itorero batoraga perezida wayoboraga mu materaniro yabo, bagatora umwanditsi n’umubitsi. Abo bagabo bose bari abahamya ba Yehova barangwa n’ishyaka.

Kubera ko noneho inshingano yo kugenzura itorero yari ihawe abagabo batari bashishikajwe n’imyanya y’icyubahiro ahubwo bari bashishikajwe no gukora umurimo w’Imana wo gutangaza izina ryayo n’Ubwami bwayo, kandi bakaba baratangaga urugero rwiza binyuze mu kuwifatanyamo, byatumye urushaho gutera imbere. Nubwo icyo gihe batari babizi, bari bagifite byinshi bagomba gukora: bagombaga kubwiriza mu rugero rwagutse kurusha uko bari barabikoze, kandi bagakorakoranya abantu benshi kurusha uko babitekerezaga (Yes 55:5). Byarigaragazaga ko Yehova yarimo abategurira gusohoza uwo murimo.

Abantu bake bari bafite ibyiringiro by’ubuzima bw’iteka ku isi bari batangiye kwifatanya na bo.j Ariko kandi Bibiliya yari yarahanuye ibyo gukorakoranywa kw’imbaga y’abantu benshi bagombaga kurokoka umubabaro ukomeye wari kuzaza (Ibyah 7:9-14). Mu mwaka wa 1935, abagize iyo mbaga y’abantu benshi baramenyekanye. Uburyo bwo gutoranya abagenzuzi bwanonosowe mu myaka ya 1930 bwatumye umuryango wa Watch Tower Society urushaho kwita ku murimo wo kubakorakoranya, kubigisha no kubatoza.

Abahamya ba Yehova benshi bashimishijwe n’uko uwo murimo wari wagutse. Umurimo wabo wo kubwiriza wafashe igisobanuro gishya. Icyakora hari bamwe batari bashishikajwe no kubwiriza. Banze kubwiriza kandi bagerageza gusobanura impamvu batabwirizaga bavuga ko abagize imbaga y’abantu benshi bari kuzakorakoranywa nyuma ya Harimagedoni. Icyakora abenshi basobanukiwe ko ubwo ari uburyo bushya bari babonye bwo kugaragariza Yehova ubudahemuka no kugaragaza urukundo bakunda bagenzi babo.

Ariko se abagize imbaga y’abantu benshi bari bafite uwuhe mwanya mu muryango w’abagaragu ba Yehova? Beretswe inshingano Ijambo ry’Imana riha abagize ‘umukumbi muto’ basutsweho umwuka, kandi bakoranye n’iyo gahunda bishimye (Luka 12:32-44). Nanone bamenye ko bari bafite inshingano nk’iy’Abakristo basutsweho umwuka, yo kugeza ubutumwa bwiza ku bandi (Ibyah 22:17). Kubera ko bifuzaga kuba abayoboke b’Ubwami bw’Imana ku isi, basobanukiwe ko ubwo Bwami bwagombye gufata umwanya wa mbere mu mibereho yabo, kandi bakagira ishyaka mu kubutangariza abandi. Kugira ngo buzuze ibyo Bibiliya isaba abazarokoka umubabaro ukomeye bakinjira mu isi nshya y’Imana, bagombaga gukomeza “kuvuga mu ijwi riranguruye bati ‘agakiza tugakesha Imana yacu yicaye ku ntebe y’ubwami n’Umwana w’intama’” (Ibyah 7:10, 14). Mu mwaka wa 1937, igihe bari batangiye kwiyongera n’ishyaka barwaniraga Umwami rikagaragara, na bo bahawe inshingano y’ubugenzuzi mu itorero.

Icyakora bibukijwe ko uwo muryango ari uwa Yehova, atari uw’umuntu. Nta macakubiri yagombaga kuba hagati y’abasigaye basutsweho umwuka n’imbaga y’abantu benshi bagize izindi ntama. Bagombaga gukora umurimo wa Yehova bunze ubumwe ari abavandimwe na bashiki bacu. Ni nk’uko Yesu yari yarabivuze ati “mfite n’izindi ntama zitari izo muri uru rugo; izo na zo ngomba kuzizana. Zizumva ijwi ryanjye kandi zizaba umukumbi umwe, zigire n’umwungeri umwe” (Yoh 10:16). Byakomezaga kugenda byigaragaza ko ayo magambo ari ukuri.

Mu gihe gito, hari ibintu byinshi bitangaje byahindutse mu mikorere y’umuryango w’abagaragu b’Imana. Ariko se hari ibindi byari bigikenewe gukorwa kugira ngo amatorero ayoborwe mu buryo buhuje neza n’inzira za Yehova, nk’uko zigaragazwa mu Ijambo rye ryahumetswe?

Imikorere ya gitewokarasi

“Tewokarasi” bisobanura “ubutegetsi bw’Imana.” Ese amatorero yagenderaga kuri tewokarasi? None se uretse kuba barasengaga Yehova banamushakiragaho ubuyobozi mu matorero yabo? Ese bakurikizaga mu buryo bwuzuye ibyo yavuze mu Ijambo rye ryahumetswe? Ingingo yari igizwe n’ibice bibiri yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Umuryango wa Yehova” yasohotse mu Munara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 1 n’uwo ku ya 15 Kamena 1939, yagize iti “umuryango wa Yehova ntugendera kuri demokarasi. Yehova ni umutegetsi w’ikirenga, kandi ubutegetsi bwe cyangwa umuryango we, bugendera kuri tewokarasi.” Icyakora mu matorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova yariho icyo gihe, hari hagikoreshwa uburyo bwa demokarasi mu gutoranya abahabwaga inshingano yo kugenzura amateraniro n’umurimo wo kubwiriza. Hari ibintu byinshi byagombaga guhinduka.

Ariko se mu Byakozwe 14:23 ntihagaragaza ko abasaza bashyirwaho mu matorero hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo ‘kuzamura ukuboko,’ nk’uko bigenda mu matora? Igice cya mbere cy’iyo ngingo yari ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Umuryango wa Yehova” yasohotse mu Munara w’Umurinzi, cyavuze ko uwo murongo wari warumviswe nabi. Mu Bakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere, inshingano ntizatangwaga binyuze mu matora, aho abagize itorero bose ‘bazamuraga ukuboko.’ Ahubwo byasobanuwe ko intumwa n’abandi zabaga zarahaye ububasha ari bo ‘bazamuraga ukuboko.’ Ibyo ntibyakorwaga binyuze mu matora y’itorero, ahubwo barambikaga ibiganza ku bantu babaga bujuje ibisabwa. Ibyo byagaragazaga ko bemewe cyangwa bahawe inshingano.k Rimwe na rimwe, amatorero ya gikristo yo mu kinyejana cya mbere yasabiraga inshingano abagabo babaga bujuje ibisabwa, ariko intumwa zari zarahawe inshingano na Kristo cyangwa abo intumwa zabaga zarabihereye ububasha, akaba ari bo babemeza (Ibyak 6:1-6). Umunara w’Umurinzi wibukije abasomyi ko mu nzandiko zandikiwe abagenzuzi (Timoteyo na Tito) honyine, ari ho intumwa Pawulo yatanze amabwiriza yo gushyiraho abagenzuzi ayobowe n’umwuka wera (1 Tim 3:1-13; 5:22; Tito 1:5). Nta na rumwe mu nzandiko zahumetswe zandikiwe amatorero rurimo amabwiriza nk’ayo.

None se ubwo guha abantu inshingano mu matorero byari kujya bikorwa bite? Umunara w’Umurinzi wasesenguye imikorere y’umuryango wa gitewokarasi, maze ugaragaza ko Ibyanditswe bivuga ko Yehova yashyizeho Yesu ngo abe ‘umutwe w’itorero’; ko igihe Yesu yari kugaruka ari Shebuja, yari guha ‘umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge’ inshingano yo kwita ku ‘byo atunze byose’; ko uwo mugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge agizwe n’abantu bose bari ku isi basutsweho umwuka wera kugira ngo bazabe abaraganwa na Yesu, bakorana bunze ubumwe bayobowe na we; kandi ko Kristo yari kuzakoresha iryo tsinda ry’umugaragu kugira ngo ahe amatorero ubuyobozi akeneye (Kolo 1:18; Mat 24:45-47; 28:18). Iryo tsinda ry’umugaragu ni ryo ryari rifite inshingano yo gushyira mu bikorwa amabwiriza asobanutse neza yo mu Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe ribishyize mu isengesho, hanyuma rikayakoresha rigena abujuje ibisabwa ku buryo bahabwa inshingano.

Kubera ko igikoresho kigaragara Kristo yari gukoresha ari umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge (kandi amateka yo muri iki gihe twasuzumye akaba agaragaza ko uwo “mugaragu” akoresha umuryango wo mu rwego rw’amategeko wa Watch Tower Society), Umunara w’Umurinzi wasobanuye ko imikorere ya gitewokarasi isaba ko inshingano zitangwa binyuze kuri uwo muryango. Nk’uko amatorero yo mu kinyejana cya mbere yemeraga inteko nyobozi y’i Yerusalemu, amatorero yo muri iki gihe na yo ntashobora kujya mbere mu buryo bw’umwuka adafite ubuyobozi bumwe.—Ibyak 15:2-30; 16:4, 5.

Icyakora kugira ngo ibintu birusheho gusobanuka, hatanzwe ibisobanuro by’uko iyo Umunara w’Umurinzi wavugaga umuryango wa “Watch Tower Society” utabaga ushaka kuvuga gusa umuryango wo mu rwego rw’amategeko, ahubwo wabaga uvuga itsinda ry’Abakristo basutsweho umwuka bashinze uwo muryango wo mu rwego rw’amategeko kandi bawukoreshaga. Bityo rero, ayo magambo yerekezaga ku mugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge hamwe n’Inteko Nyobozi akoresha.

Ndetse na mbere y’uko ingingo zo mu Munara w’Umurinzi zari zifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Umuryango wa Yehova” zisohoka mu mwaka wa 1938, igihe amatorero y’i Londres, New York, Chicago na Los Angeles yari yarabaye manini cyane ku buryo yari akeneye kugabanywamo amatsinda mato, yari yarasabye umuryango wa Watch Tower Society gushyiraho abakozi bayo bose. Umunara w’Umurinzi wo ku itariki ya 15 Kamena 1938 wasabye andi matorero yose kujya abigenza atyo. Ni muri urwo rwego yasabwe gufata icyemezo gikurikira:

“Twebwe, umutwe w’abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bwitirirwa izina ryayo, ubu turi i . . . . . . . . . . . . , twemera ko ubutegetsi bw’Imana bugendera kuri tewokarasi nyakuri kandi ko Yesu Kristo ari mu rusengero, akaba afite ububasha bwose, agenzura umuryango wa Yehova ugaragara n’utagaragara, kandi ko umuryango wa ‘WATCH TOWER SOCIETY’ ari wo uhagarariye Umwami hano ku isi mu buryo bugaragara, akaba ari yo mpamvu dusaba umuryango wa ‘Watch Tower Society’ gushyira kuri gahunda uyu mutwe kugira ngo ukore umurimo wo kubwiriza kandi ikawushyiriraho abakozi, kugira ngo twese dukorere hamwe mu mahoro, dukiranuka kandi twunze ubumwe. Tuboherereje urutonde rw’amazina y’abantu bo muri uyu mutwe dutekereza ko bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka rwose, bityo tukaba tubona ko bashobora gusohoza inshingano z’umurimo zihariye.”l

Amatorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova hafi ya yose yahise yemera ubwo buyobozi. Ariko bidatinze, hari amatorero make yanze gukurikiza iyo gahunda, maze areka kwifatanya mu murimo wo guhamya iby’Ubwami, bityo abayagize ntibakomeza kuba Abahamya ba Yehova.

Ibyiza by’ubuyobozi bwa gitewokarasi

Biragaragara ko iyo buri torero riza kujya ryishyiriraho inyigisho, amahame agenga imyitwarire na gahunda y’imikorere n’uburyo bwo kubwiriza, umuryango w’abagaragu ba Yehova utari gutinda gutakaza isura yawo n’ubumwe bwawo. Abavandimwe bashoboraga gucikamo ibice bishingiye ku nzego z’imibereho, umuco n’ibihugu. Icyakora ubuyobozi bwa gitewokarasi bwo bwari gutuma inyungu zitewe n’amajyambere yo mu buryo bw’umwuka zigera ku matorero yose yo ku isi nta nkomyi. Bityo hari kubaho ubumwe nyakuri Yesu yasabye mu isengesho rye, bwagombaga kuba mu bigishwa be nyakuri, n’umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza yategetse ugakorwa mu buryo bwuzuye.—Yoh 17:20-22.

Icyakora hari bamwe bavugaga ko J. F. Rutherford yashyizeho iryo hinduka kugira ngo yigarurire Abahamya, kandi ngo akoreshe iyo mpinduka maze ashimangire ubuyobozi bwe. Ariko se koko ni ko byari bimeze? Nta gushidikanya ko umuvandimwe Rutherford yari ashikamye ku byo yemeraga. Yavuganaga imbaraga kandi ntiyateshukaga ku byo yemeraga ko ari ukuri. Iyo yabonaga ko abantu bakabya kwitekerezaho aho guhangayikishwa n’umurimo w’Umwami, yahitaga agira icyo abikoraho ku buryo umuntu yatekereza ko yahubukaga. Ariko ubundi, umuvandimwe Rutherford yicishaga bugufi by’ukuri imbere y’Imana. Karl Klein wabaye umwe mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi mu mwaka wa 1974, nyuma yaho yaranditse ati “amasengesho umuvandimwe Rutherford yavugaga mu gihe cy’isomo ry’umunsi . . . yatumaga ndushaho kumukunda. Nubwo yari afite ijwi rifite imbaraga, iyo yabaga asenga, wumvaga ari nk’akana k’agahungu kavugisha se. Mbega ukuntu byagaragazaga imishyikirano myiza yari afitanye na Yehova!” Umuvandimwe Rutherford yemeraga adashidikanya ko Yehova afite umuryango ugaragara, kandi yakoraga ibishoboka byose kugira ngo hatagira umuntu cyangwa itsinda ry’abantu babuza abavandimwe bo mu matorero kungukirwa mu buryo bwuzuye n’amafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka n’ubuyobozi Yehova yahaga abagaragu be.

Nubwo umuvandimwe Rutherford yabaye perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society mu gihe cy’imyaka 25 kandi agakoresha imbaraga ze zose kugira ngo ateze imbere umurimo wakorwaga n’uwo muryango, ntiyari umuyobozi w’Abahamya ba Yehova, kandi ntiyashakaga no kuba we. Mu ikoraniro ryabereye i Saint Louis (Missouri) mu mwaka wa 1941, mbere gato y’uko apfa, yagize icyo avuga ku kibazo cy’ubuyobozi agira ati “ndifuza ko abantu bashya bose bari hano bamenya icyo mutekereza ku byerekeye umuyobozi wanyu, kandi ntibazabyibagirwe. Buri gihe iyo hadutse ikintu gishya kigatangira gukura, bavuga ko hari umuyobozi w’umuntu wakizanye agashaka abayoboke benshi. Niba mu bateraniye hano hari utekereza ko jye, umuntu buntu uhagaze imbere yanyu, ndi umuyobozi w’Abahamya ba Yehova, navuge ati ‘yego.’” Bose baracecetse, hanyuma benshi mu bari bateranye bavuga bakomeje bati “oya.” Yakomeje agira ati “niba mwe muri hano mwemera ko ndi umugaragu w’Umwami kimwe n’abandi, kandi tukaba dukorana twunze ubumwe, dukorera Imana na Kristo, nimuvuge muti ‘yego.’” Abari bateranye bose bavugiye icyarimwe bati “yego!” Mu kwezi kwakurikiyeho, abari bateraniye mu Bwongereza na bo babigenje batyo.

Mu turere tumwe na tumwe inyungu zo gukorana n’umuryango wa gitewokarasi zahitaga zigaragaza. Ariko ahandi ho byasabye igihe kirekire; abataragaragaje ko ari abagaragu b’Imana bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka kandi bicisha bugufi bambuwe inshingano zihabwa abandi.

Icyakora gahunda ya gitewokarasi imaze guhama, Abahamya ba Yehova bashimishijwe no kwibonera isohozwa ry’ibyahanuwe muri Yesaya 60:17. Muri uwo murongo, Yehova yakoresheje imvugo y’ikigereranyo agaragaza imimerere myiza yari kurangwa mu bagaragu b’Imana, agira ati “mu cyimbo cy’umuringa nzazana zahabu, mu cyimbo cy’icyuma nzane ifeza; mu cyimbo cy’igiti nzazana umuringa, naho mu cyimbo cy’amabuye nzane icyuma. Nzashyiraho amahoro akubere umugenzuzi, no gukiranuka kukubere umukoresha.” Uwo murongo ntugaragaza ibyo abantu bari gukora, ahubwo ugaragaza ibyo Imana ubwayo yari gukora, n’imigisha abagaragu bayo bari kubona mu gihe bari kuyigandukira. Bari kugira amahoro kandi gukunda gukiranuka ni byo byari kubashishikariza kuyikorera.

Maud Yuille wo muri Burezili, akaba yari umugore w’umugenzuzi w’ishami, yandikiye umuvandimwe Rutherford agira ati “ingingo ifite umutwe ugira uti ‘Umuryango w’Imana’ yasohotse mu Munara wo ku itariki ya 1 n’uwo ku itariki ya 15 Kamena [1938], itumye numva nshaka kugira amagambo make nkubwira, kuko Yehova agukoresha mu murimo ukorana ubudahemuka, kugira ngo nshimire Yehova kubera gahunda ihebuje yashyize mu muryango we ugaragara, nk’uko byasobanuwe muri ayo magazeti yombi y’Umunara w’Umurinzi. . . . Duhumurizwa no kubona ukuntu ‘umwuka wo kwigenga’ washize; umwuka ukubiyemo ‘uburenganzira bw’abagore’ n’ubundi buryo budahuje na Bibiliya bwatumye bamwe butwarwa n’ibitekerezo by’aho bakomoka n’uko babona ibintu, aho gutwarwa na [Yehova Imana na Yesu Kristo], kandi ibyo bikaba byaratukishaga izina rya Yehova. Ni iby’ukuri ko ‘mu myaka mike gusa ishize ari bwo umuryango wa Watch Tower Society watangiye kwita abari mu muryango w’abagaragu b’Imana bose “abakozi”’; nyamara kandi nabonye ko hari hashize imyaka myinshi mu mabaruwa wandikira abavandimwe bawe, ukoresha imvugo ngo ‘umuvandimwe wanyu n’umukozi wanyu ku bw’Imana.’”

Ku birebana n’iryo hinduka mu mikorere y’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, ishami ryo mu Bwongereza ryaranditse riti “iryo hinduka ryagize akamaro mu buryo buhambaye. Imvugo y’ubusizi kandi y’ubuhanuzi ikoreshwa muri Yesaya igice cya 60 ibivuga neza ariko idakabya. Abari mu kuri bose bavugaga iby’iryo hinduka. Ni ryo ryari umutwe w’ibanze w’ibiganiro. Muri rusange bumvaga barashubijwemo imbaraga, biteguye gukomeza kurwana urugamba rufite intego. Mu gihe abantu bo mu isi bari barashyushye imitwe, abakurikizaga ubuyobozi bwa gitewokarasi barushijeho kwishima.”

Abagenzuzi basura amatorero kugira ngo bayakomeze

Umurimo wakozwe n’abagenzuzi basura amatorero watumye amatorero arushaho kugira imikorere imwe. Mu kinyejana cya mbere, intumwa Pawulo yakoze byinshi muri uwo murimo. Hari igihe abandi bagabo, urugero nka Barinaba, Timoteyo na Tito, na bo bifatanyije muri uwo murimo (Ibyak 15:36; Fili 2:19, 20; Tito 1:4, 5). Bose bari ababwiriza barangwa n’ishyaka. Nanone batangaga disikuru zateraga amatorero inkunga. Iyo havukaga ibibazo byashoboraga guhungabanya ubumwe bw’amatorero, byagezwaga ku nteko nyobozi. Hanyuma abo bavandimwe bahawe inshingano “baragendaga imigi yose banyuzemo bakagenda baha abayibamo amategeko yemejwe n’intumwa n’abasaza b’i Yerusalemu, ngo bayubahirize.” Ibyo byagize akahe kamaro? Byatumye “amatorero akomeza gushikama mu kwizera, kandi umubare wayo ukomeza kwiyongera uko bwije n’uko bukeye.”—Ibyak 15:1–16:5; 2 Kor 11:28.

Mu myaka ya 1870, umuvandimwe Russell yari yaratangiye gusura amatsinda y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya agizwe n’abantu babiri cyangwa batatu cyangwa benshi, kugira ngo abakomeze mu buryo bw’umwuka. Mu myaka ya 1880 hari abandi bavandimwe bake bifatanyije muri uwo murimo. Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1894, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society washyizeho gahunda yo gushaka abavandimwe bamenyereye gutanga disikuru, kugira ngo bajye basura Abigishwa ba Bibiliya buri gihe, babafashe kurushaho kugira ubumenyi no kwishimira ukuri, kandi barusheho kunga ubumwe.

Iyo byabaga bishoboka, umuvandimwe yamaranaga n’itsinda umunsi umwe cyangwa myinshi, agatanga disikuru y’abantu bose imwe cyangwa ebyiri, hanyuma agasura amatsinda mato n’abantu ku giti cyabo bakaganira ku bintu byimbitse byo mu Ijambo ry’Imana. Hashyizweho imihati kugira ngo amatsinda yo muri Amerika no muri Kanada azajye asurwa kabiri mu mwaka, nubwo akenshi atasurwaga n’umuvandimwe umwe. Mu gutoranya abo bavandimwe bagendaga batanga za disikuru, bibandaga ku bavandimwe bitonda, bicisha bugufi, basobanukiwe neza ukuri, bakugenderamo mu budahemuka kandi bashoboye kukwigisha mu buryo busobanutse. Ntibahembwaga, ahubwo abavandimwe b’aho babaga basuye babahaga ibyokurya n’icumbi, byaba ngombwa umuryango wa Watch Tower Society ukabaha itike.

Benshi muri abo bavandimwe bakundwaga cyane n’abo basuraga. A. H. Macmillan w’Umunyakanada, ni umuvandimwe bibukiraho ko Ijambo ry’Imana ryari “nk’umuriro ugurumana” muri we (Yer 20:9). Yarivugagaho iyo yabaga atanga disikuru, haba muri Kanada, mu turere twinshi two muri Amerika, no mu bindi bihugu. William Hersee na we yasuraga amatsinda y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya, bakaba bamwibukiraho ko yitaga by’umwihariko ku bakiri bato. Nanone abantu bazirikanaga amasengesho ye kubera ko yabaga akungahaye cyane mu buryo bw’umwuka bigatuma agera ku mutima abakiri bato n’abakuze.

Muri iyo minsi, ingendo abo bavandimwe bakoraga ntizari zoroshye. Urugero, kugira ngo Edward Brenisen asure itsinda ryo hafi ya Klamath Falls muri leta ya Oregon, yabanje kugenda muri gari ya moshi, hanyuma nijoro agenda na bisi, amaherezo akora urugendo ruvunanye mu misozi ari mu igare rikururwa n’amafarashi, kugira ngo agere aho amateraniro yagombaga kubera. Amateraniro arangiye, yazindutse kare mu gitondo, umuvandimwe amutiza ifarashi akora urugendo rw’ibirometero 100 kugira ngo agere aho yagombaga gufatira gari ya moshi, akomeze ajye gusura irindi tsinda. Abo bavandimwe babagaho mu buzima bugoye ariko imihati bashyiragaho yageze kuri byinshi byiza. Batumye abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bakomezwa, basobanukirwa Ijambo ry’Imana kimwe, kandi barushaho kunga ubumwe nubwo babaga batuye mu turere dutandukanye cyane.

Mu mwaka wa 1926 umuvandimwe Rutherford yatangije gahunda zahinduye umurimo w’abavandimwe basuraga amatsinda y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya, bareka kuba abavandimwe bagenda batanga za disikuru gusa ahubwo baba abagenzuzi b’umurimo wo kubwiriza wakorwaga n’amatorero kandi bakawuteza imbere. Mu rwego rwo gushimangira inshingano zabo nshya, mu mwaka wa 1928 batangiye kwitwa abayobozi b’umurimo mu karere. Bakoranaga n’abavandimwe bo mu matorero, bakabatoza umurimo wo kubwiriza. Muri icyo gihe bashoboraga kugera muri buri torero ryo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika no mu bindi bihugu incuro imwe mu mwaka, ari na ko bakomeza gusura abantu ku giti cyabo n’amatsinda mato yari ataragira gahunda ihamye yo kubwiriza.

Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, hari ibintu bitandukanye byagiye bihinduka ku murimo wakorwaga n’abagenzuzi basura amatorero.a Wagutse cyane mu mwaka wa 1938 igihe abakozi bose bo mu matorero batangiraga gushyirwaho mu buryo bwa gitewokarasi. Mu myaka mike yakurikiyeho abo bagenzuzi basuraga amatorero buri gihe bituma babona uburyo bwo gutoza buri wese mu bakozi bashyizweho kandi barushaho gufasha ababwiriza bose mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Mu mwaka wa 1942, mbere y’uko abagenzuzi basura amatorero bongera koherezwa mu matorero, bahawe inyigisho zimbitse, bituma bakora umurimo wabo kimwe. Uruzinduko rwabo rwabaga ari rugufi (rwamaraga umunsi umwe kugera kuri itatu, bitewe n’uko itorero ringana). Muri icyo gihe bagenzuraga dosiye z’itorero, bagakorana inama n’abakozi b’itorero bose kugira ngo babahe inama bakeneye, bagatanga disikuru imwe cyangwa nyinshi mu itorero kandi bagafata iya mbere mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Mu mwaka wa 1946 uruzinduko rwabo rwarongerewe, bakajya bamara icyumweru kimwe muri buri torero.

Mu mwaka wa 1938, iyo gahunda yo gusura amatorero yongeweho umurimo w’umukozi w’akarere wari ufite inshingano nshya. Yahawe akarere kanini kurushaho, buri gihe akajya amarana icyumweru na buri muvandimwe wari ufite inshingano yo gusura amatorero yo mu karere. Mu ruzinduko rwe, yifatanyaga muri porogaramu y’ikoraniro ryabaga ririmo amatorero yose yo muri ako karere.b Iyo gahunda yateraga inkunga cyane abavandimwe kandi igatuma abigishwa bashya babona uburyo bwo kubatizwa.

“Umuntu ukunda umurimo”

Mu bantu bifatanyije muri uwo murimo guhera mu mwaka wa 1936 harimo uwitwa John Booth, waje kuba umwe mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi mu mwaka wa 1974. Igihe yaganiraga n’abavandimwe barebaga niba ashobora kuba umugenzuzi w’umurimo, baramubwiye bati “abantu bazi gutanga disikuru neza si bo bakenewe, ahubwo hakenewe umuntu ukunda umurimo kandi uzajya afata iya mbere mu murimo, akawuvuga mu materaniro.” Umuvandimwe Booth yakundaga umurimo wa Yehova, bikaba bigaragazwa n’ishyaka yari yaragize mu murimo w’ubupayiniya kuva mu mwaka wa 1928, kandi yashishikarije abandi kugira ishyaka mu murimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza binyuze ku rugero yatangaga no ku magambo atera inkunga.

Muri Werurwe 1936 yasuye itorero rya mbere, rikaba ari irya Easton, muri leta ya Pennsylvania. Nyuma yaho yaranditse ati “ubusanzwe nageraga mu itorero hakiri kare kugira ngo njye kubwiriza mu gitondo, ku gicamunsi ngakorana inama n’abakozi b’itorero, nyuma yaho nkayikorana n’abagize itorero ryose. Ubusanzwe namaraga iminsi ibiri gusa mu itorero, naho mu itsinda rito nkahamara umunsi umwe, kandi rimwe na rimwe nasuraga amatsinda atandatu mu cyumweru. Nahoraga ngenda.”

Hashize imyaka ibiri, mu mwaka wa 1938, yahawe inshingano yo kuba umukozi w’akarere kugira ngo buri cyumweru ajye yita ku ikoraniro rya zone (ubu ryitwa ikoraniro ry’akarere). Ayo makoraniro yakomeje abavandimwe mu gihe ibitotezo byarushagaho kwiyongera mu duce tumwe na tumwe. Umuvandimwe Booth avuga uko muri iyo minsi byari byifashe n’inshingano zitandukanye yahawe, agira ati “hari icyumweru kimwe [natanze ubuhamya mu rubanza rwaregwagamo Abahamya 60 muri Indianapolis muri leta ya Indiana] nanone naregwaga mu rundi rubanza i Joliet muri Illinois, ngomba kunganira mu by’amategeko umuvandimwe mu rundi rubanza i Madison muri leta ya Indiana, kandi mu mpera z’icyumweru nabaga mfite inshingano yo guhagararira ikoraniro rya zone.”

Hashize imyaka ibiri nyuma y’aho ayo makoraniro ya zone asubukuriwe mu mwaka wa 1946 (ubu ni amakoraniro y’akarere), Carey Barber na we yari mu bahawe inshingano yo kuba umukozi w’intara. Yari amaze imyaka 25 ari umwe mu bagize umuryango wa Beteli y’i Brooklyn muri leta ya New York. Intara ya mbere yakoreyemo umurimo yari igizwe n’akarere kose k’uburengerazuba bwa Amerika. Mu mizo ya mbere, byamusabaga gukora urugendo rw’ibirometero 1.600 buri cyumweru ava mu ikoraniro rimwe ajya mu rindi. Uko amatorero yagendaga yaguka n’umubare wayo ukiyongera, urwo rugendo rwaragabanutse, kandi mu mugi umwe hakajya habera amakoraniro menshi y’akarere. Umuvandimwe Barber amaze imyaka 29 ari umugenzuzi usura amatorero, yatumiriwe kugaruka ku cyicaro gikuru mu mwaka wa 1977, aba umwe mu bagize Inteko Nyobozi.

Mu gihe cy’intambara n’ibitotezo bikaze, abagenzuzi basura amatorero incuro nyinshi bashyiraga mu kaga umudendezo wabo n’ubuzima bwabo kugira ngo bite ku cyatuma abavandimwe babo bamererwa neza mu buryo bw’umwuka. Mu gihe Abanazi bari barigaruriye u Bubiligi, André Wozniak yakomeje gusura amatorero kandi akayagezaho ibitabo. Incuro nyinshi haburaga gato ngo abamaneko bamufate, ariko ntibigeze bashobora kumufata.

Mu mpera z’imyaka ya 1970, abantu bo muri Zimbabwe (icyo gihe yitwaga Rodeziya) babagaho mu bwoba, kandi muri icyo gihe cy’intambara z’abaturage gukora ingendo ntibyari byoroshye. Icyakora abagenzuzi basura amatorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova babereye abavandimwe babo “nk’aho kwikinga umuyaga” kubera ko bari abungeri n’abagenzuzi barangwa n’urukundo (Yes 32:2). Bamwe bamaraga iminsi myinshi bagenda n’amaguru mu bihuru, baterera imisozi bakanayimanuka, bakambuka inzuzi ziteje akaga, kandi bakarara ku gasozi. Ibyo byose babikoraga bagiye gusura amatorero n’ababwiriza bo mu turere twitaruye kugira ngo babatere inkunga yo gukomeza gushikama mu kwizera. Umwe muri abo ni Isaiah Makore, warokotse hamana igihe yagoterwaga mu mirwano y’ingabo za leta n’“abaharaniraga ubwigenge,” amasasu akanyura hejuru ye avuza ubuhuha.

Abandi bagenzuzi basura amatorero bamaze imyaka myinshi bakorera umuryango wa Watch Tower Society mu bihugu by’amahanga. Incuro nyinshi, abaperezida b’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society bagiye mu bindi bihugu bajyanywe no kwita ku byabaga bikenewe mu mikorere y’uwo muryango no gutanga disikuru mu makoraniro. Izo ngendo zagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutuma Abahamya ba Yehova aho babaga bari hose bakomeza kumva ko bagize umuryango mpuzamahanga w’abavandimwe. By’umwihariko umuvandimwe Knorr yakoraga uwo murimo buri gihe, agasura buri biro by’ishami n’amazu y’abamisiyonari. Umuryango w’abagaragu ba Yehova umaze kwaguka, isi yagabanyijwemo zone icumi, maze guhera ku itariki ya 1 Mutarama 1956 abavandimwe babishoboye, bayoborwaga na perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, batangira gukora uwo murimo, kugira ngo ujye ukorwa buri gihe. Izo ngendo z’abagenzuzi ba zone, ubu basigaye bayoborwa na Komite Ishinzwe Umurimo y’Inteko Nyobozi, zikomeje kugira uruhare mu gutuma umuryango w’abavandimwe wo ku isi hose wunga ubumwe kandi ugakomeza kujya mbere.

Icyakora hari ibindi bintu bikomeye byahindutse mu mikorere y’umuryango w’abagaragu ba Yehova.

Barushaho kugendera ku buyobozi bwa gitewokarasi

Joseph F. Rutherford yapfuye ku itariki ya 8 Mutarama 1942, mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose rwagati, hanyuma Nathan H. Knorr aba perezida wa gatatu w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Uwo muryango wari uhanganye n’ingorane zikomeye kubera ko umurimo w’Abahamya mu bihugu byinshi wari warabuzanyijwe, bagakorerwa urugomo n’abantu bakunda igihugu by’agakabyo, kandi bagafatwa bagafungwa bazira gutanga ibitabo by’imfashanyigisho za Bibiliya mu murimo wo kubwiriza. Ese kuba ubuyobozi bwari buhindutse byari gutuma umurimo ucogora muri ibyo bihe byari bigoye? Abavandimwe bari bashinzwe kuyobora umurimo biyambaje Yehova kugira ngo abahe ubuyobozi n’imigisha. Kubera ko bari bafite icyifuzo cyo gushakira ubuyobozi ku Mana, bongeye gusuzuma imikorere yabo bareba niba nta cyo banonosora kugira ngo barusheho guhuza n’inzira za Yehova.

Hanyuma mu mwaka wa 1944, i Pittsburgh muri Pennsylvania habereye ikoraniro ry’umurimo mu gihe cy’inama iba buri mwaka y’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society. Ku itariki ya 30 Nzeri, mbere y’iyo nama iba buri mwaka hatanzwe disikuru z’ingenzi zagaragazaga icyo Ibyanditswe bivuga ku mikorere y’abagaragu ba Yehova.c Icyo gihe bibanze ku Nteko Nyobozi, hatsindagirizwa ko ihame rya gitewokarasi rigomba gukurikizwa mu nzego zose zikoreshwa n’itsinda ry’umugaragu wizerwa kandi w’umunyabwenge. Basobanuye ko umuryango wo mu rwego rw’amategeko utari ubumbiye hamwe abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bose “bayiyeguriye.” Uwo muryango wari ubahagarariye gusa mu rwego rw’amategeko. Icyakora, kubera ko umuryango wa Watch Tower Society ari wo wakoreshwaga mu gusohora ibitabo byagezaga ku Bahamya ba Yehova umucyo wo mu buryo bw’umwuka, Inteko Nyobozi yumvaga ko bihuje n’ubwenge kandi ko ari ngombwa ko abayigize baba no mu bahagarariye uwo muryango wo mu rwego rw’amategeko. Mbese amahame ya gitewokarasi yakurikizwaga mu buryo bwuzuye mu mikorere y’uwo muryango?

Mu mahame remezo y’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, byari biteganyijwe ko umuntu watangaga amadolari y’amanyamerika 10 yabaga yemerewe ijwi mu matora y’abagize inama y’ubuyobozi bw’uwo muryango. Birashoboka ko batekerezaga ko izo mpano zagaragazaga ko abo bavandimwe bashishikajwe by’ukuri n’umurimo wakorwaga n’uwo muryango. Icyakora ubwo buryo bwateje ibibazo. Umuvandimwe Knorr wari perezida w’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society yabisobanuye agira ati “amahame remezo y’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, ashobora gutuma umuntu atekereza ko abari mu Nteko Nyobozi barimo bitewe n’impano bahaye umuryango wo mu rwego rw’amategeko wa Watch Tower Society. Ariko dukurikije ibyo Imana ishaka, si uko bigomba kugenda mu bagize ubwoko bwayo yitoranyirije.”

Ni iby’ukuri ko mu myaka 32 ya mbere y’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society, Charles Taze Russell ari we wafataga iya mbere mu nteko nyobozi, akaba n’umuterankunga w’imena wakoresheje umutungo we, imbaraga ze n’ubwenge bwe ashyigikira uwo muryango. Ariko impano z’amafaranga yatangaga si zo zagenaga uko Umwami yamukoreshaga. Icyatumaga Imana ibona ko akwiriye kuyikorera ni uko yitanze atizigamye, agakomeza kurangwa n’ishyaka, agashyigikira Ubwami bw’Imana nta kudohoka kandi agakomeza kuba uwizerwa n’indahemuka. Ku birebana n’umuryango wa gitewokarasi hakurikizwa iri hame rigira riti “Imana yashyize ingingo mu mubiri, buri rugingo rwose rwo muri zo nk’uko ishatse” (1 Kor 12:18). Umuvandimwe Knorr yaravuze ati “icyakora ku birebana n’Inteko Nyobozi, amahame remezo y’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society yateganyaga ko abatanze impano zo gushyigikira umurimo bagira amajwi mu matora y’abayobozi, yasaga n’apfukirana iryo hame rya gitewokarasi; nanone yarishyiraga mu kaga akanaribera imbogamizi.”

Ni yo mpamvu mu nama y’abanyamuryango ba Watch Tower Society bari bafite uburenganzira bwo gutora yabaye ku itariki ya 2 Ukwakira 1944, abari mu nama bose batoye icyemezo cy’uko amahame remezo y’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society asubirwamo, akarushaho guhuzwa n’amahame ya gitewokarasi. Ni yo mpamvu hatari kongera kubaho umubare ntarengwa w’abanyamuryango, ahubwo ko bari kuba hagati ya 300 na 500, kandi bose bakaba ari abagabo batoranyijwe n’abagize inama y’ubuyobozi bw’uwo muryango, badashingiye ku mpano z’amafaranga batanze, ahubwo bitewe n’uko bari Abahamya ba Yehova bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka, barangwa n’ishyaka, b’indahemuka, bakorera Yehova umurimo w’igihe cyose, cyangwa bakaba ari abakozi b’amatorero y’Abahamya ba Yehova barangwa n’ishyaka. Abo banyamuryango bagombaga gutora abagize inama y’ubuyobozi bw’uwo muryango, hanyuma abagize iyo nama y’ubuyobozi bakitoramo ababahagarariye. Iyo gahunda nshya yatangiye gukurikizwa mu mwaka wakurikiyeho ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1945. Iyo gahunda yarinze umuryango w’abagaragu ba Yehova cyane mu gihe hari higanje ibikorwa by’abantu bakoreshaga ubucakura bakigarurira imiryango y’ubucuruzi, hanyuma bagahindura amahame remezo yayo bahuje n’inyungu zabo.

Byaragaragaye ko Yehova yabahaga umugisha mu gihe bihatiraga gukora ibintu mu buryo buhuje n’amahame ya gitewokarasi. Nubwo bahuye n’ibigeragezo bikaze mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose, umubare w’ababwiriza b’Ubwami wakomeje kwiyongera. Bakomeje guhamya iby’Ubwami bw’Imana babigiranye imbaraga nta gucogora. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1939 kugeza mu wa 1946, umubare w’Abahamya ba Yehova wiyongereyeho 157 ku ijana, kandi bagejeje ubutumwa bwiza mu bindi bihugu bitandatu. Mu myaka 25 yakurikiyeho, umubare w’Abahamya batangaga raporo wiyongereyeho hafi 800 ku ijana, kandi umurimo wabo ugera mu bindi bihugu 86.

Inyigisho zihariye zigenewe abagenzuzi

Hari abatekerezaga ko Abahamya ba Yehova nibamara kuba benshi byanze bikunze na bo bazadohoka ku mahame bagenderaho. Ariko Bibiliya yari yarahanuye ibinyuranye n’ibyo. Yari yarahanuye ko gukiranuka n’amahoro byari kuganza mu bagaragu ba Yehova (Yes 60:17). Kugira ngo ibyo bigerweho, byari gusaba ko habaho gahunda yitondewe kandi ihoraho yo kwigisha Ijambo ry’Imana abagenzuzi bafite inshingano, bagasobanukirwa neza amahame ubutabera bwayo bushingiyeho kandi bakayashyira mu bikorwa nta gutezuka. Kandi koko izo nyigisho zaratanzwe. Hakomeje gukorwa ubushakashatsi bwitondewe ku birebana n’amahame akiranuka y’Imana, maze ibigezweho bigasohoka mu Munara w’Umurinzi, kandi bikigwa mu matorero yose y’Abahamya ba Yehova hirya no hino ku isi. Uretse ibyo ariko, abagenzuzi b’umukumbi bagiye bahabwa inyigisho z’inyongera.

Abagenzuzi bafite inshingano z’ubuyobozi ku biro by’amashami bahuriraga hamwe mu gihe cy’amakoraniro mpuzamahanga bagahabwa inyigisho zihariye. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1961 kugeza mu wa 1965, bakurikiranaga inyigisho zihariye zabateguriwe zamaraga amezi umunani kugera ku icumi zatangirwaga i New York. Kuva mu mwaka wa 1977 kugeza mu wa 1980, bateguriwe izindi nyigisho zihariye zamaraga ibyumweru bitanu. Izo nyigisho bahabwaga zabaga zikubiyemo gusuzuma ibitabo byose bya Bibiliya umurongo ku wundi, no gusuzuma imikorere y’umuryango w’abagaragu ba Yehova n’uburyo bwo guteza imbere umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza. Nta macakubiri ashingiye ku bihugu arangwa mu Bahamya ba Yehova. Aho bari hose bagendera ku mahame amwe yo mu rwego rwo hejuru aboneka muri Bibiliya, kandi bafite imyizerere imwe n’inyigisho zimwe.

Abagenzuzi b’uturere n’ab’intara na bo bagiye bahabwa inyigisho zihariye. Benshi muri bo bize mu Ishuri rya Bibiliya rya Watchtower rya Gileyadi cyangwa muri rimwe mu mashuri arishamikiyeho. Nanone buri gihe bahurira ku biro by’ishami cyangwa ahandi hantu habanogeye, bagahabwa inyigisho zimara iminsi mike cyangwa icyumweru.

Mu mwaka wa 1959, hatangiye indi gahunda ihebuje y’Ishuri ry’Umurimo w’Ubwami rigenewe abagenzuzi b’uturere n’ab’intara hamwe n’abasaza bo mu matorero. Ryatangiye rigizwe n’amasomo yamaraga ukwezi kuzuye. Amasomo yo muri iryo shuri yatanzwe muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika mu gihe cy’umwaka, hanyuma ahindurwa mu zindi ndimi atangwa hirya no hino ku isi. Kubera ko abasaza bose batashoboraga kubona uruhushya rw’ukwezi kose ku kazi, guhera mu mwaka wa 1966 hateguwe amasomo y’iryo shuri amara ibyumweru bibiri.

Iryo shuri ntiryari ishuri rya tewolojiya abo bagabo baherwagamo inyigisho zibategurira kuba abakozi b’Imana. Abaryigagamo bose babaga basanzwe ari abakozi bemewe b’Imana. Benshi muri bo babaga bamaze imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo ari abagenzuzi n’abungeri b’umukumbi. Basuzumaga mu buryo burambuye amabwiriza Ijambo ry’Imana ritanga ku birebana n’uko bagomba gukora umurimo wabo. Iryo shuri ryagaragazaga ko umurimo wo kubwiriza ari uw’ingenzi rikagaragaza n’uburyo bwiza wakorwamo. Kubera ko amahame mbwirizamuco isi igenderaho ahora ahindagurika, bamaraga igihe kinini basuzuma uko amahame mbwirizamuco ya Bibiliya yashyirwa mu bikorwa. Muri iki gihe iryo shuri ryasimbuwe n’amahugurwa aba buri myaka ibiri cyangwa itatu hamwe n’inama z’ingirakamaro abagenzuzi basura amatorero bagirana n’abasaza b’amatorero incuro runaka mu mwaka. Ibyo bituma bashobora kwita ku bintu byihariye bikenewe muri iki gihe. Bibarinda gutandukira amahame yo muri Bibiliya kandi bituma bakemura ibibazo kimwe mu matorero yose.

Abahamya ba Yehova bafatana uburemere inama iboneka mu 1 Abakorinto 1:10 igira iti “nuko rero bavandimwe, ndabingingira mu izina ry’Umwami wacu Yesu Kristo, ngo mwese mujye muvuga rumwe, kandi muri mwe he kubaho kwicamo ibice, ahubwo mwunge ubumwe rwose mu bitekerezo kandi mugire imyumvire imwe.” Ubwo bumwe ntibuterwa n’uko bahatirwa kubona ibintu kimwe, ahubwo buterwa n’uko bigishwa inzira z’Imana ziboneka muri Bibiliya. Abahamya ba Yehova bishimira umugambi w’Imana no kugendera mu nzira zayo. Iyo umuntu atagishimishwa no gukurikiza amahame yo muri Bibiliya, ashobora kuva mu muryango w’abagaragu b’Imana. Ariko iyo hagize utangira kwigisha izindi nyigisho cyangwa agakerensa amahame mbwirizamuco ya Bibiliya, abagenzuzi bafata ingamba zo kurinda umukumbi. Umuryango w’abagaragu b’Imana ukurikiza inama ya Bibiliya igira iti “murebe abateza amacakubiri n’abazana ibisitaza banyuranya n’inyigisho mwigishijwe, kandi mubirinde.”—Rom 16:17; 1 Kor 5:9-13.

Bibiliya yahanuye ko Imana yari gutuma mu bagaragu bayo harangwa imimerere yari gutuma gukiranuka gusagamba kukera imbuto z’amahoro (Yes 32:1, 2, 17, 18). Iyo mimerere ni yo ireshya abantu bakunda ibyo gukiranuka.

Abo bantu bakunda ibyo gukiranuka bazakorakoranywa mbere y’uko imperuka y’iyi si iba bangana iki? Abahamya ba Yehova ntibabizi, ariko Yehova azi ibizakenerwa kugira ngo umurimo we ukorwe, kandi mu gihe cye no mu buryo bwe, azatuma bagira ibikwiriye byose kugira ngo bakore uwo murimo.

Bitegura guhangana n’ukwiyongera kudasanzwe

Igihe abashakashatsi bari bayobowe n’Inteko Nyobozi bakoraga ubushakashatsi bategura igitabo cyasobanuraga Bibiliya (Auxiliaire pour une meilleure intelligence de la Bible), bongeye kwita cyane ku buryo itorero ry’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere ryayoborwaga. Bakoze ubushakashatsi bwitondewe ku magambo akoreshwa muri Bibiliya, urugero nk’“umusaza,” “umugenzuzi” n’“umukozi w’itorero.” Ese umuryango w’Abahamya ba Yehova wo muri iki gihe na wo washoboraga gukurikiza mu buryo bwuzuye kurushaho icyitegererezo cyagaragajwe mu Byanditswe?

Abagaragu ba Yehova bari bariyemeje gukomeza gukurikiza ubuyobozi butangwa n’Imana. Mu makoraniro yabaye mu mwaka wa 1971, bibanze ku buryo itorero ry’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere ryayoborwaga. Bagaragaje ko ijambo pre·sbyʹte·ros (umukuru, umusaza) nk’uko rikoreshwa muri Bibiliya, ritumvikanishaga gusa umuntu ukuze mu myaka, kandi ko riterekezaga ku bagize itorero bose bari bakuze mu buryo bw’umwuka. Ryakoreshwaga ryerekeza by’umwihariko ku bagenzuzi b’amatorero (Ibyak 11:30; 1 Tim 5:17; 1 Pet 5:1-3). Bashyirwaga kuri iyo nshingano hakurikijwe ibyasabwaga byashyizwe mu Byanditswe byahumetswe (Ibyak 14:23; 1 Tim 3:1-7; Tito 1:5-9). Amatorero yabaga arimo abagabo benshi bujuje ibisabwa, yagiraga abasaza barenze umwe (Ibyak 20:17; Fili 1:1). Abo bagabo babaga bagize “inteko y’abasaza,” bose babaga bareshya, nta n’umwe muri bo wubahwa cyane kuruta abandi cyangwa ngo abe akomeye mu itorero (1 Tim 4:14). Nanone basobanuye ko hari kuzajya hashyirwaho “abakozi b’itorero” bujuje ibisabwa byagaragajwe n’intumwa Pawulo kugira ngo bafashe abasaza.—1 Tim 3:8-10, 12, 13.

Hahise hafatwa ingamba kugira ngo barusheho guhuza n’icyitegererezo cyo muri Bibiliya. Ibyo byahereye mu Nteko Nyobozi ubwayo. Umubare w’abayigize wariyongereye ntibakomeza kuba barindwi gusa, bari basanzwe ari abayobozi b’umuryango wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania bakaba ari na bo bari bagize Inteko Nyobozi y’Abahamya ba Yehova. Nta mubare ntarengwa w’abagize Inteko Nyobozi washyizweho. Mu mwaka wa 1971 bari 11; hari n’igihe bari 18; mu wa 1992 bari 12. Bose bari abagabo Imana yasutseho umwuka kugira ngo bazaraganwe na Yesu Kristo. Abavandimwe 12 bari bagize Inteko Nyobozi mu mwaka wa 1992 bose hamwe bari bamaze imyaka isaga 728 mu murimo w’igihe cyose bakorera Yehova Imana.

Ku itariki ya 6 Nzeri 1971, hemejwe ko buri mwaka abagize Inteko Nyobozi bari kuzajya basimburanwa kuyobora inama hakurikijwe uko amazina yabo akurikirana. Ibyo byatangiye gukurikizwa ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira. Nanone abagize Inteko Nyobozi basimburanwaga buri cyumweru kuyobora gahunda y’isomo ry’umunsi n’Icyigisho cy’Umunara w’Umurinzi bigenewe abakozi bo ku cyicaro gikuru.d Iyo gahunda yatangiye gukurikizwa ku itariki ya 13 Nzeri 1971, igihe Frederick W. Franz yayobora porogaramu y’isomo ry’umunsi ku cyicaro gikuru cy’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society i Brooklyn muri leta ya New York.

Mu mwaka wakurikiyeho, hakozwe imyiteguro yo kunonosora uko amatorero agenzurwa. Amatorero ntiyari kuzongera kuyoborwa n’umukozi w’itorero umwe ufashwa n’abandi bakozi. Ahubwo hari kuzajya hashyirwaho abagabo bujuje ibisabwa n’Ibyanditswe bakaba abasaza. Hari gushyirwaho n’abandi bujuje ibisabwa na Bibiliya bakaba abakozi b’itorero. Ibyo byatumye abantu benshi bagira uruhare mu gusohoza inshingano mu itorero, bityo bahungukira n’ubumenyi bw’ingirakamaro. Icyo gihe nta Muhamya wa Yehova watekerezaga ko umubare w’amatorero wari kuziyongeraho 156 ku ijana mu myaka 21 yakurikiyeho, ukagera ku matorero 69.558 mu mwaka wa 1992. Ariko uko bigaragara Yesu Kristo we Mutware w’itorero ni we wateguraga ibyagombaga gukurikiraho.

Mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1970, bongeye gutekereza babyitondeye ku mikorere y’Inteko Nyobozi. Uhereye igihe umuryango wa Watch Tower Society washingwaga mu wa 1884, imirimo yo gusohora ibitabo, kugenzura umurimo wo kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza ku isi yose no gutegura amashuri n’amakoraniro, yose yagenzurwaga n’ibiro bya perezida wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. Ariko abagize Inteko Nyobozi bamaze kubisuzuma babyitondeye mu gihe cy’amezi menshi kandi bakabiganiraho mu buryo burambuye, ku itariki ya 4 Ukuboza 1975 bose bemeje gahunda nshya yari kuzajya ikurikizwa. Bashyizeho komite esheshatu z’Inteko Nyobozi.

Komite ya Perezida (yari igizwe na perezida w’Inteko Nyobozi muri uwo mwaka, uwari perezida mu mwaka wabanje n’uwagombaga kuba perezida mu mwaka ukurikiraho) ishyikirizwa raporo zirebana n’ibibazo byihutirwa, impanuka kamere n’ibitotezo, kandi igafatanya n’Inteko Nyobozi ku buryo ibyo bibazo byitabwaho bidatinze. Komite Ishinzwe Ubwanditsi igenzura ibyo gutegura amafunguro yo mu buryo bw’umwuka agenewe Abahamya ba Yehova no kuyafata amajwi na videwo no kuyageza ku bantu bose, kandi ni na yo igenzura umurimo wo guhindura mu ndimi zibarirwa mu magana. Komite Ishinzwe Ibyo Kwigisha ifite inshingano yo kugenzura amashuri n’amakoraniro y’abagize ubwoko bwa Yehova, hakubiyemo n’amakoraniro y’intara n’amakoraniro mpuzamahanga, hamwe n’inyigisho zigenewe abagize umuryango wa Beteli, igategura inyigisho zose zikoreshwa muri izo porogaramu. Komite Ishinzwe Umurimo igenzura ibintu byose bifitanye isano n’umurimo wo kubwiriza hakubiyemo umurimo ukorwa n’amatorero n’uw’abagenzuzi basura amatorero. Komite Ishinzwe Gusohora Ibitabo igenzura ibyo gucapa ibitabo, kubisohora no kubyohereza, ikagenzura n’amacapiro n’ibibazo bifitanye isano n’amategeko n’ubucuruzi. Hakaba na Komite Ishinzwe Abakozi igenzura gahunda zose zigamije gufasha abagize imiryango ya Beteli mu buryo bw’umubiri no mu buryo bw’umwuka kandi ni yo itumira abantu bashya binjira mu muryango wa Beteli hirya no hino ku isi.

Hari n’izindi komite z’inyongera zigenzura amacapiro, amazu ya Beteli n’amasambu yo ku cyicaro gikuru. Muri izo komite, Inteko Nyobozi ikoresha abagize “imbaga y’abantu benshi.”—Ibyah 7:9, 15.

Nanone hari ibyahindutse mu miyoborere y’ibiro by’amashami. Guhera ku itariki ya 1 Gashyantare 1976, buri shami rigenzurwa na komite y’abantu batatu cyangwa barenga, bitewe n’ibikenewe cyangwa ubunini bwaryo. Izo komite zita ku murimo wo kubwiriza iby’Ubwami mu ifasi y’ibiro by’ishami, zikurikije ubuyobozi zihabwa n’Inteko Nyobozi.

Mu mwaka wa 1992, Inteko Nyobozi yahawe ubufasha bw’inyongera igihe abandi bavandimwe biganjemo abo mu bagize imbaga y’abantu benshi, bahabwaga inshingano yo kugira uruhare mu nama n’umurimo bya Komite Ishinzwe Ubwanditsi, Komite Ishinzwe Ibyo Kwigisha, Komite Ishinzwe Umurimo, Komite Ishinzwe Gusohora Ibitabo na Komite Ishinzwe Abakozi.e

Uko gusaranganya inshingano byabaye ingirakamaro cyane. Ibyo hamwe n’ibindi bintu byari byarahindutse mu matorero, byagize uruhare mu gukuraho inzitizi zose zashoboraga kurangaza abantu zigatuma batabona ko Kristo ari we Mutware w’itorero. Kuba abavandimwe benshi baricaraga bakajya inama ku bibazo birebana n’umurimo wo kubwiriza iby’Ubwami, byagize akamaro kenshi. Byongeye kandi, iryo hinduka ryabaye mu mikorere y’umuryango w’abagaragu b’Imana ryatumye bashobora kugenzura ibintu byinshi byari bikenewe mu buryo bwihutirwa bitewe n’uko bakomezaga kwiyongera mu buryo bwihuse cyane. Yehova yari yarahanuye binyuze ku muhanuzi Yesaya ati “uworoheje azagwira avemo igihumbi, n’umuto ahinduke ishyanga rikomeye. Jyewe Yehova nzabyihutisha mu gihe cyabyo” (Yes 60:22). Yehova ntiyabyihutishije gusa, ahubwo nanone yatanze ubuyobozi bwari bukenewe kugira ngo umuryango ugaragara w’abagaragu be ushobore kwita kuri uko kwiyongera.

Ikintu Abahamya ba Yehova babona ko cyihutirwa ni umurimo Imana yabashinze muri iyi minsi ya nyuma y’iyi si ishaje, kandi bafite gahunda nziza ituma bawusohoza. Abahamya ba Yehova bibonera gihamya idashidikanywaho y’uko uyu muryango atari uw’abantu ahubwo ko ari uw’Imana kandi ko Umwana w’Imana Yesu Kristo ari we uwuyobora. Kubera ko ubu Yesu ari Umwami uganje, azarinda abagaragu be bizerwa mu gihe cy’umubabaro ukomeye wegereje kandi azatuma bakomeza kugira gahunda nziza izatuma bakora ibyo Imana ishaka mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’imyaka igihumbi bugiye kuza.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

Kuva mu mwaka wa 1938 kugeza mu wa 1941, abakozi bo mu karere bahawe inshingano nshya yo kujya bahagararira amakoraniro yihariye yahuzaga Abahamya bo mu karere kamwe. Igihe uwo murimo wasubukurwaga mu mwaka wa 1946, abo bagenzuzi biswe abakozi b’intara, ubu bitwa abagenzuzi b’intara.

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 204]

Ntibagira itsinda ry’abayobozi b’idini

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 205]

Ntibageragezaga gushyiraho “umuryango wo ku isi”

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 206]

Abasaza batoranywaga bate?

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 212]

Umugenzuzi yashyirwagaho n’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 213]

Abasaza bamwe ntibashakaga kubwiriza hanze y’itorero

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 214]

Umubare waragabanutse ariko umuryango wose w’abagaragu ba Yehova urakomera

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 218]

Gutanga inshingano byagombaga gukorwa bite?

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 220]

Ese Rutherford yageragezaga kwigarurira umuryango w’abagaragu b’Imana?

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 222]

Yasuraga amatsinda y’abantu babiri cyangwa batatu kimwe n’amatsinda y’abantu benshi

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 223]

Abagenzuzi basura amatorero bahabwa inshingano nshya

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 234]

Inteko Nyobozi yaraguwe, abayigize bakajya basimburana kuyiyobora

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 235]

Hari hakenewe ubuyobozi mu gihe bakomezaga kwiyongera cyane

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 207]

Kuki wahinduye?

Igihe babazaga C. T. Russell impamvu yahinduye uko yabonaga ibyo gutoranya abasaza bo mu matsinda atandukanye y’abagize ubwoko bw’Umwami, yarashubije ati

“Mbere na mbere ndabizeza ko ntigeze na rimwe mvuga ko ntashobora kwibeshya. . . . Ntiduhakana ko ubumenyi bwacu bukomeza kwiyongera kandi ko ubu tubona ibyo Umwami ashaka ku birebana n’abasaza cyangwa abayobozi b’amatsinda mato y’abagize ubwoko bwe mu buryo bunyuranyeho gato n’uko twabibonaga mbere. Ikosa twakoze ni uko twiteze byinshi cyane kuri abo bavandimwe dukunda baje mu kuri mu minsi ya mbere, bityo bagahita baba abayobozi b’ayo matsinda mato. Twibwiraga ko ubumenyi ku byerekeye Ukuri bwari gutuma barushaho kwicisha bugufi, bagasobanukirwa ko nta cyo bari cyo, kandi ko ibyo bari bazi byose n’ibyo bashoboraga kugeza ku bandi, bari kuba ari abavugizi b’Imana kuko yabakoreshaga. Twari twiringiye ko bari kuba ibyitegererezo by’umukumbi muri byose; kandi ko iyo Umwami azana mu itsinda undi muntu umwe cyangwa benshi banganya na bo ubushobozi bwo gusobanura Ukuri cyangwa babubarusha, umwuka w’urukundo wari gutuma bubahana, bagafashanya kandi bagaterana inkunga yo gukora umurimo w’Itorero, ari ryo mubiri wa Kristo.

“Ibyo ni byo byatumye twibwira ko bitari bikiri ngombwa ko abiyeguriye Umwami bakurikiza icyitegererezo basigiwe n’intumwa zo mu Itorero ryo mu kinyejana cya mbere kubera ko ubu babona ubuntu bwinshi kandi bakaba basobanukiwe cyane ukuri. Aho twibeshyeraga ni uko tutabonye ko gahunda zashyizweho n’intumwa zari ziyobowe n’Imana zisumba kure izo undi muntu uwo ari we wese yashyiraho, kandi ko Itorero ryose uko ryakabaye ryari kuzakomeza gukenera gukurikiza amabwiriza yatanzwe n’intumwa kugeza igihe tuzahindurirwa binyuze ku muzuko, ubwo twese tuzaba twuzuye, dutunganye kandi twunze ubumwe na Databuja.

“Buhoro buhoro twabonye ko twibeshyaga igihe twatangiraga kubona mu bavandimwe bacu dukunda umwuka wo kugirirana amahari, kandi benshi muri bo bakagira icyifuzo cyo kuyobora amateraniro babona ko ari umwanya w’icyubahiro aho kubona ko ari umurimo bakorera abandi, kandi bakigizayo abandi bavandimwe bose babonaga ko banganya ubushobozi n’ubumenyi ku byerekeye Ukuri n’ubuhanga mu gukoresha intwaro y’Umwuka, ntibabemerere kugira amajyambere ngo na bo babe abayobozi.”—“Umunara w’Umurinzi,” 15 Werurwe 1906, ipaji ya 90.

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 208 n’iya 209]

Amazu yakoreshwaga n’umuryango wa Watch Tower Society i Pittsburgh mu myaka ijana ishize

Inzu ya Bibiliya, yagaragajwe hano, yamaze imyaka 19 ari icyicaro gikuru, kuva mu mwaka wa 1890 kugeza mu wa 1909f

Aha ni ho umuvandimwe Russell yigiraga

Abari bagize umuryango w’Inzu ya Bibiliya bakoreraga aha mu wa 1902

Iyi nzu yari irimo iyo mashini icapa n’urwego rushinzwe gupanga amagambo ku mapaji (hejuru iburyo), urwego rushinzwe kohereza ibitabo (hasi iburyo), ububiko bw’ibitabo, amacumbi y’abakozi na shapeli (inzu y’amakoraniro) yari ifite imyanya 300

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 211]

Umurimo ni uwa nde?

Ahagana ku iherezo ry’ubuzima bwo ku isi bwa Charles Taze Russell, yaranditse ati “incuro nyinshi, abagize ubwoko bw’Imana bibagirwa ko Umwami ubwe ari we uyobora umurimo we. Incuro nyinshi turibwira tuti ‘tuzakora umurimo hanyuma Imana ize gufatanya natwe mu murimo wacu.’ Ariko dukwiriye kujya tubona ibintu nk’uko biri, tukabona ko Imana yagize umugambi wo gukora umurimo ukomeye, kandi ko irimo iwusohoza; ko uwo murimo uzagera ku ntego yawo rwose, bidatewe natwe cyangwa imihati yacu; ko Imana yubashye cyane abagize ubwoko bwayo ikabemerera gukorana n’Umuremyi wabo mu gusohoza imigambi ye n’ibyo yateganyije mu buryo bwayo. Iyo tubona ibintu muri ubwo buryo, dusenga kandi tugakomeza kuba maso tugamije kumenya ibyo Umwami ashaka no kubikora, tukanyurwa n’inshingano yose dufite kubera ko Imana yacu ari yo ituyobora. Iyo ni yo gahunda umuryango wa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society wihatira gukurikiza.”—“Umunara w’Umurinzi,” 1 Gicurasi 1915.

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 215]

Ibibazo bigenewe V.D.M.

Inyuguti V.D.M. zikomoka ku magambo y’ikilatini asobanura Umukozi w’Ijambo ry’Imana (“Verbi Dei Minister”).

Mu mwaka wa 1916, umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wateguye urutonde rw’ibibazo bishingiye ku Byanditswe. Abari kuzajya bahagararira uwo umuryango batanga za disikuru basabwaga gusubiza ibyo bibazo byose mu nyandiko. Ibyo byatumaga umuryango wa Watch Tower Society umenya icyo abo bavandimwe batekereza ku kuri kw’ibanze kwa Bibiliya, ibyiyumvo bakugiriraga n’uko bari bagusobanukiwe. Ibisubizo byanditse byasuzumanwaga ubwitonzi n’akanama kakoreraga ku biro by’umuryango. Abagiraga amanota 85 ku ijana cyangwa arenzeho ni bo bahabwaga inshingano yo guhagararira umuryango, bakajya batanga za disikuru.

Nyuma yaho benshi mu basaza, abadiyakoni n’abandi Bigishwa ba Bibiliya na bo basabye niba bashobora guhabwa ibyo bibazo. Nyuma y’igihe umuryango wa Watch Tower Society watangaje ko byaba byiza amatsinda y’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya agiye atoranya abayahagararira mu bantu bashubije neza ibibazo bigenewe V.D.M.

Iyo umuryango wa Watch Tower Society wavugaga ko umuntu abaye Umukozi w’Ijambo ry’Imana, ntibyabaga bisobanura ko ari bwo ahawe inshingano yo gukorera Imana. Byabaga bisobanura gusa ko akanama kakoreraga ku biro by’umuryango kabaga kasuzumye ko uwo muntu azi neza inyigisho kandi ko mu rugero runaka afite imyitwarire myiza, kakabona ko akwiriye kwitwa Umukozi w’Ijambo ry’Imana.

Ibibazo bigenewe V.D.M. byari ibi bikurikira:

(1) Ikiremwa cya mbere cy’Imana cyari ikihe?

(2) Iyo ijambo “Logos” ryerekeza ku Mwana w’Imana riba risobanura iki, kandi se amagambo Data n’Umwana asobanura iki?

(3) Icyaha cyinjiye mu isi ryari kandi gite?

(4) Ni ikihe gihano Imana izaha abanyabyaha kandi se abanyabyaha ni ba nde?

(5) Kuki byari ngombwa ko “Logos” aba umuntu, kandi se “ni Imana yari yigize umuntu”?

(6) Igihe Kristo Yesu yari umuntu kuva avutse kugeza apfuye yari afite iyihe kamere?

(7) Yesu amaze kuzuka yagize iyihe kamere; kandi se ni uwuhe mwanya afite imbere ya Yehova?

(8) Yesu akora iki muri iki Gihe cy’Ivanjiri, ni ukuvuga kuva kuri Pentekote kugeza muri iki gihe?

(9) Kugeza ubu ni iki Yehova Imana yakoreye abantu, kandi se ni iki Yesu yabakoreye?

(10) Ni uwuhe mugambi Imana ifitiye itorero abarigize nibamara kuzura?

(11) Ni uwuhe mugambi Imana ifitiye abantu?

(12) Bizagendekera bite abantu badashaka kwihana?

(13) Ni iyihe imigisha abantu bazahabwa bitewe n’uko bumvira Ubwami buyobowe na Mesiya?

(14) Ni izihe ntambwe umunyabyaha yatera kugira ngo yongere kugirana imishyikirano myiza na Kristo hamwe na Data wo mu Ijuru?

(15) Iyo Umukristo amaze kubyarwa binyuze ku Mwuka Wera, ni iyihe mibereho aba agomba kugira nk’uko Ijambo ry’Imana ribigaragaza?

(16) Ese waretse ibyaha kugira ngo ukorere Imana nzima?

(17) Ese wiyeguriye Umwami, umwegurira ubuzima bwawe bwose n’ubushobozi bwawe bwose n’impano zose ufite kugira ngo ukore umurimo we?

(18) Ese wagaragaje ko wamwiyeguriye ubatizwa mu mazi menshi?

(19) Ese warahiye indahiro ya I. B. S. A. [Umuryango Mpuzamahanga w’Abigishwa ba Bibiliya] yo kugira imibereho irangwa no kwera?

(20) Ese wasomye ubyitondeye imibumbe itandatu yose y’igitabo gisobanura Ibyanditswe (ÉTUDES DES ÉCRITURES)?

(21) Ese wabonyemo umucyo mwinshi kandi ikugirira akamaro kenshi?

(22) Ese wemera ko ufite ubumenyi buhamye kandi burambye ku byerekeye Bibiliya buzatuma urushaho kuba umukozi mwiza w’Umwami mu buzima bwawe bwose busigaye?

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 216 n’iya 217]

Amazu yakoreshwaga mu minsi ya mbere i Brooklyn

Beteli

122-124 Columbia Heights

Icyumba cyo kuriramo kuri Beteli

Ihema ry’ibonaniro

Ibiro, ububiko bw’ibitabo, urwego rushinzwe kohereza ibitabo, amamashini acapa, n’icyumba cy’inama cy’imyanya 800, byari muri iyi nzu iri mu kibanza cya 17 Hicks Street (yakoreshejwe kuva 1909 kugeza 1918)

Icyumba cy’inama

Amacapiro ya mbere

Abagize umuryango wa Beteli bakoreraga mu icapiro ry’i Myrtle Avenue mu mwaka wa 1920 (iburyo)

35 Myrtle Avenue (1920-1922)

18 Concord Street (1922-1927)

117 Adams Street (1927- )

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 224 n’iya 225]

Abagenzuzi basura amatorero Aba ni bake mu babarirwa mu bihumbi bakoze uwo murimo

Muri Kanada, 1905-1933

Mu Bwongereza, 1920-1932

Muri Finilande, 1921-1926, 1947-1970

Muri Amerika, 1907-1915

Ingendo hagati y’amatorero—

Muri Gurunilandi

Muri Venezuwela

Muri Lesoto

Muri Megizike

Muri Peru

Muri Siyera Lewone

Icumbi ryimukanwa muri Namibiya

Yajyanye n’Abahamya mu murimo wo kubwiriza mu Buyapani

Agirana inama n’abasaza mu Budage

Agira abapayiniya inama z’ingirakamaro muri Hawayi

Yigisha mu itorero ryo mu Bufaransa

[Agasanduku/Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 229]

Imiryango ya mbere yo mu rwego rw’amategeko

Zion’s Watch Tower Tract Society: Washinzwe bwa mbere mu mwaka wa 1881 hanyuma uhabwa ubuzima gatozi ku itariki ya 15 Ukuboza 1884 muri leta ya Pennsylvania. Mu mwaka wa 1896 wahinduye izina witwa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1955 witwa Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania.

Peoples Pulpit Association: Washinzwe mu mwaka wa 1909 igihe bimuriraga icyicaro gikuru i Brooklyn, muri leta ya New York. Mu mwaka wa 1939 izina ryawo ryarahindutse witwa Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, Inc. Guhera mu mwaka wa 1956 wiswe Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.

International Bible Students Association: Wahawe ubuzima gatozi ku itariki ya 30 Kamena 1914 i Londres mu Bwongereza.

Abahamya ba Yehova bagiye bashinga indi miryango mu bihugu byinshi kugira ngo bahuze n’ibyo amategeko yo muri ibyo bihugu asaba. Icyakora Abahamya ba Yehova ntibarimo ibice byinshi bishingiye ku miryango ikoreshwa mu bihugu bitandukanye, ahubwo bibumbiye mu muryango w’abavandimwe bunze ubumwe ku isi hose.

[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji 234]

‘Babaho nk’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere’

Muri Nyakanga 1956, ikinyamakuru kivuga iby’amadini cyaravuze kiti “iyo witegereje uko [Abahamya ba Yehova] bakora n’uko babwiriza, usanga ari bo bagerageza kubaho nk’Abakristo bo mu kinyejana cya mbere kurusha irindi dini iryo ari ryo ryose. . . . Amadini akoresha Ibyanditswe mu butumwa bwayo, haba mu magambo no mu nyandiko nk’uko babigenza, ni make cyane.”—“Interpretation.”

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 210]

Hashyizweho ibiro by’amashami kugira ngo umurimo urusheho kugenzurwa neza. Ibiro by’ishami bya mbere byashinzwe i Londres mu Bwongereza, muri iyi nzu

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 221]

J. F. Rutherford mu wa 1941. Abahamya ba Yehova bari bazi ko atari umuyobozi wabo

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 226]

John Booth yabaye umugenzuzi usura amatorero muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika kuva mu wa 1936 kugeza mu wa 1941

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 227]

Carey Barber, intara ye yari igizwe n’igice kinini cya Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 228]

Umuvandimwe Knorr yasuraga buri gihe buri biro by’ishami n’icumbi ry’abamisiyonari

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 230]

Abagenzuzi b’ibanze b’ibiro by’amashami bahuriye i New York mu wa 1958 bahabwa inyigisho zihariye

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 231]

Ishuri ry’Umurimo w’Ubwami ryahaye abagenzuzi bo ku isi hose inyigisho z’ingirakamaro

Ishuri ry’Umurimo w’Ubwami mu nkambi y’impunzi muri Tayilande mu wa 1978; (ahagana hejuru ibumoso) muri Filipine mu wa 1966

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 232]

Amabwiriza arebana n’imikorere y’umuryango yasohokaga buhoro buhoro (yabanje gusohoka mu cyongereza, nyuma asohoka no mu zindi ndimi) kugira ngo ayobore umurimo w’Abahamya kandi bamenyeshwe gahunda zose zigamije kubafasha mu murimo wabo