Imana na Kayisari

“Nuko rero ibya Kayisari mubihe Kayisari, iby’Imana mubihe Imana.”​—Luka 20:25.

1. (a) Umwanya wa Yehova wo mu rwego rwo hejuru ni uwuhe? (b) Ni iki tugomba guha Yehova, tudashobora na rimwe kuzigera duha Kayisari?

NTA GUSHIDIKANYA ko mu gihe Yesu Kristo yatangaga ayo mabwiriza, yazirikanaga ko ibyo Imana isaba abagaragu bayo bigomba kuza mu mwanya wa mbere, mbere y’ikintu icyo ari cyo cyose Kayisari cyangwa Leta ashobora kubasaba. Yesu yari azi, kuruta undi muntu uwo ari we wese, ukuri kw’isengesho umwanditsi wa Zaburi yatuye Yehova agira ati “ubwami bwawe ni ubw’iteka ryose, ubutware [ubutegetsi bw’ikirenga]a bwawe buzahoraho ibihe byose” (Zaburi 145:13). Igihe Umwanzi yahaga Yesu ubutware bw’ubwami bwose bw’isi, Yesu yaramushubije ati “handitswe ngo ‘uramye Uwiteka Imana yawe, abe ari yo ukorera yonyine’ ” (Luka 4:5-8). Nta na rimwe tugomba gusenga “Kayisari,” yaba ari umwami w’abami w’Abaroma, undi mutegetsi wa kimuntu uwo ari we wese, cyangwa Leta ubwayo.

2. (a) Ni uwuhe mwanya Satani afite muri iyi si? (b) Ni nde uha Satani uburenganzira bwo kuba mu mwanya arimo?

² Yesu ntiyigeze ahakana ko ubwami bw’isi bwari ubwa Satani. Nyuma y’aho, yaje kwita Satani “umutware w’ab’iyi si” (Yohana 12:31; 16:11). Ahagana mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya mbere I.C., intumwa Yohana yanditse igira iti “tuzi ko turi ab’Imana, naho ab’isi bose bari mu Mubi” (1 Yohana 5:19). Ibyo ntibishaka kuvuga ko Yehova yegutse ku butegetsi bwe bw’ikirenga ku isi. Wibuke ko ubwo Satani yahaga Yesu ubutware bw’ubwami bwa gipolitiki, yagize ati “ndaguha ubu butware bwose . . . kuko ari jye wabugabanye” (Luka 4:6). Satani ategeka ubwami bw’isi, ari uko gusa Imana ibyemeye.

3. (a) Ni uwuhe mwanya ubutegetsi bw’amahanga bufite mu maso ya Yehova? (b) Ni gute dushobora kuvuga ko kugandukira ubutegetsi bw’iyi si bidashaka kuvuga ko tugandukira Satani, imana y’iyi si?

³ Mu buryo nk’ubwo, Leta irategeka kubera ko gusa, Imana, yo Mutegetsi w’Ikirenga ibiyemerera (Yohana 19:11). Ni yo mpamvu dushobora kuvuga ko “abatware bariho bashyizweho n’Imana.” Ugereranyije n’ubutegetsi bw’ikirenga bwa Yehova, ubutegetsi bwabo buri mu rwego rwo hasi cyane. Icyakora, ni “umukozi w’Imana,” “abagaragu b’Imana,” mu buryo bw’uko bakora imirimo ya ngombwa, bubahisha amategeko na gahunda, kandi bagahana inkozi z’ibibi (Abaroma 13:1, 4, 6). Bityo rero, Abakristo bakeneye gusobanukirwa ko, n’ubwo Satani ari we mutware utaboneka w’iyi si, cyangwa gahunda, baba batamugandukira mu gihe bagandukira Leta mu rugero ruciriritse. Baba bumvira Imana. Muri uyu mwaka wa 1996, Leta ya gipolitiki iracyari mu bigize “uburyo bwaringanijwe n’Imana,” bukaba ari uburyo bw’agateganyo Imana ireka ngo bubeho, kandi abagaragu ba Yehova bo ku isi bagomba kubwemera.​—Abaroma 13:2, MN.

Abagaragu ba Yehova bo mu Bihe bya Kera na Leta

4. Kuki Yehova yaretse Yozefu akaba umuntu ukomeye mu butegetsi bwo muri Egiputa?

⁴ Mu bihe bya mbere y’Ubukristo, Yehova yemeraga ko bamwe mu bagaragu be bajya mu myanya ikomeye mu butegetsi bwa Leta. Urugero, mu kinyejana cya 18 M.I.C., Yozefu yabaye minisitiri w’intebe wa Egiputa, akaba yari mu mwanya wa kabiri yungirije Farawo wari ku ngoma icyo gihe (Itangiriro 41:39-43). Ibintu byagiye biba nyuma y’aho, byagaragaje ko Yehova ari we wari wabiteguye kugira ngo Yozefu abe igikoresho cyo kuzabeshaho ‘urubyaro rw’Aburahamu,’ abamukomotseho, kugira ngo imigambi Ye isohore. Birumvikana ko tugomba kuzirikana ko Yozefu yagurishijwe akajya gukoreshwa uburetwa muri Egiputa, kandi akaba yarabayeho mu gihe abagaragu b’Imana batari bafite Amategeko ya Mose, yaba yemwe n’“amategeko ya Kristo.”​—Itangiriro 15:5-7; 50:19-21; Abagalatiya 6:2.

5. Kuki Abayahudi bari mu bunyage bategetswe ‘kuzashakira [i Babuloni] kuba amahoro’?

⁵ Nyuma y’ibinyejana byinshi, Yeremiya umuhanuzi wizerwa, yahumekewe na Yehova kugira ngo abwire Abayahudi bari barajyanywe ari imbohe, ko bagombaga kugandukira abategetsi mu gihe bari mu bunyage i Babuloni, ndetse bakanasaba mu masengesho yabo ko uwo murwa wagira amahoro. Mu rwandiko yabandikiye, yagize ati “uko ni ko Uwiteka Nyiringabo, Imana ya Isirayeli ibwira abajyanywe ari imbohe bose, . . . ati ‘umurwa nategetse ko bazabajyanaho muri imbohe, muzawushakire kuba amahoro, muwusabire ku Uwiteka; kuko mu mahoro yaho namwe muzagira amahoro’ ” (Yeremiya 29:4, 7). Buri gihe, ubwoko bwa Yehova bufite impamvu yo ‘gushaka amahoro,’ buyishakira ubwabwo hamwe n’igihugu butuyemo, kugira ngo bubashe gusenga Yehova nta nkomyi.​—1 Petero 3:11.

6. N’ubwo Daniyeli hamwe na bagenzi be batatu bari barashyizwe mu myanya yo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu butegetsi, ni mu buhe buryo banze kunamuka ku bihereranye n’Amategeko ya Yehova?

⁶ Mu gihe Daniyeli hamwe n’abandi Bayahudi batatu bizerwa bari mu bunyage i Babuloni, aho bari barajyanywe ari imbohe, bemeye gutozwa na Leta maze baba abakozi ba Leta bo mu rwego rwo hejuru i Babuloni (Daniyeli 1:3-7; 2:48, 49). Icyakora, no mu gihe cy’imyitozo yabo, bagize igihagararo gihamye ku bihereranye n’ibyo kurya hamwe n’ibyo kunywa byashoboraga gutuma bica Itegeko Imana yabo, ari yo Yehova, yari yaratanze binyuriye kuri Mose. Ibyo byatumye bahabwa imigisha (Daniyeli 1:8-17). Ubwo Umwami Nebukadinezari yashingaga igishushanyo cy’Igihugu, uko bigaragara, bagenzi ba Daniyeli batatu b’Abaheburayo bahatiwe kujya kwifatanya n’abatware ba Leta bagenzi babo kwizihiza ibyo birori. Nyamara ariko, banze ‘kubarara hasi ngo baramye’ ikigirwamana cy’Igihugu. Icyo gihe na bwo, Yehova yarabagororeye kubera ugushikama kwabo (Daniyeli 3:1-6, 13-28). Mu buryo nk’ubwo muri iki gihe, Abahamya ba Yehova bubaha ibendera ry’igihugu batuyemo, ariko ntibakora igikorwa cyo kuriramya.​—Kuva 20:4, 5; 1 Yohana 5:21.

7. (a) Ni ikihe gihagararo gihebuje Daniyeli yagize, n’ubwo yari afite umwanya wo mu rwego rwo hejuru muri gahunda y’ubutegetsi bwa Babuloni? (b) Ni irihe hinduka ryabayeho mu bihe by’Ubukristo?

⁷ Nyuma yo kugwa k’ubwami bw’igihangange bwa Babuloni, Daniyeli yahawe umwanya wo mu rwego rwo hejuru mu butegetsi bushya bw’Abamedi n’Abaperesi bwabuzunguye i Babuloni (Daniyeli 5:30, 31; 6:1-3). Ariko kandi, nta bwo yigeze yemera ko umwanya yarimo wo mu rwego rwo hejuru watuma anamuka ku gushikama kwe. Mu gihe Itegeko rya Leta ryasabaga ko asenga Umwami Dariyo aho gusenga Yehova, yarabyanze. Ku bw’iyo mpamvu, yaje kujugunywa mu rwobo rw’intare, ariko Yehova yaramutabaye (Daniyeli 6:4-24). Birumvikana ariko ko icyo gihe hari mbere y’Ubukristo. Ubwo itorero rya Gikristo ryari rimaze gushingwa, abagaragu b’Imana baje ‘gutwarwa n’amategeko ya Kristo.’ Ibintu byinshi byari byemewe mu gihe cya gahunda ya Kiyahudi, byagombaga kubonwa mu buryo butandukanye, bishingiye ku buryo Yehova yakoranaga n’ubwoko bwe icyo gihe.​—1 Abakorinto 9:21; Matayo 5:31, 32; 19:3-9.

Uko Yesu Yabonaga Leta

8. Ni ikihe gikorwa cyabayeho cyerekana ko Yesu yari yariyemeje kwirinda kwivanga muri politiki?

⁸ Igihe Yesu Kristo yari ku isi, yashyiriyeho abigishwa be amahame ahanitse kurushaho, kandi yanze kugira uruhare mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose mu bikorwa bya gipolitiki cyangwa ibya gisirikare. Ubwo Yesu yari amaze kugaburira abantu babarirwa mu bihumbi byinshi imigati mike hamwe n’amafi abiri mato mu buryo bw’igitangaza, abagabo b’Abayahudi bashatse kumufata kugira ngo bamugire umwami wa gipolitiki. Ariko Yesu yahise abiyufura yisubirira ku misozi (Yohana 6:5-15). Ku bihereranye n’icyo gikorwa, igitabo The New International Commentary on the New Testament kigira kiti “Abayahudi b’icyo gihe bari bafite ibyifuzo bikaze bishingiye ku gukunda igihugu by’agakabyo, bityo, nta gushidikanya ko abenshi mu babonye icyo gitangaza bibwiye ko uwo ari we muyobozi wari woherejwe n’Imana, akaba ari we wari ukwiriye rwose kubayobora mu kurwanya Abaroma. Ku bw’ibyo, bo ubwabo biyemeje kumugira umwami.” Icyo gitabo cyongeraho ko Yesu “yanze amaramaje” ubwo butware bwa gipolitiki bashakaga kumuha. Kristo ntiyigeze na rimwe ashyigikira ukwigomeka kwa Kiyahudi uko ari ko kose ku butware bw’Abaroma. Koko rero, yahanuye ingaruka zari guturuka ku kwigomeka kwari kubaho nyuma y’urupfu rwe​—abaturage b’i Yerusalemu bagombaga kugerwaho n’amakuba atarondoreka, ndetse n’uwo mugi ukarimburwa.​—Luka 21:20-24.

9. (a) Ni gute Yesu yavuze ibyerekeye isano ryari hagati y’Ubwami bwe n’isi? (b) Ni ubuhe buyobozi Yesu yahaye abigishwa be ku bihereranye n’imishyikirano bagombaga kugirana n’ubutegetsi bw’isi?

⁹ Mbere gato y’urupfu rwe, Yesu yabwiye uwari uhagarariye ubwami bw’Abaroma mu buryo bwihariye i Yudaya ati “ubwami bwanjye si ubw’iyi si; iyaba ubwami bwanjye bwari ubw’iyi si, abagaragu banjye baba barwanye, ngo ntahabwa Abayuda: ariko noneho ubwami bwanjye si ubw’ino” (Yohana 18:36). Abigishwa ba Kristo bakurikiza urugero rwe, kugeza ubwo Ubwami bwe buzavaniraho ubutegetsi bwa gipolitiki. Bumvira abo bategetsi bashyizweho, ari na ko birinda kwivanga mu bikorwa byabo bya gipolitiki (Daniyeli 2:44; Matayo 4:8-10). Yesu yasigiye abigishwa be amabwiriza agira ati “nuko rero ibya Kayisari mubihe Kayisari, iby’Imana mu bihe Imana” (Matayo 22:21). Mbere y’aho gato, mu Kibwiriza cye cyo ku Musozi, Yesu yari yaravuze ati “ugutegetse kujyana na we mu gikingi kimwe, umujyane no mu cya kabiri” (Matayo 5:41). Mu gitekerezo rusange gikubiye mu magambo y’icyo kibwiriza, Yesu yari arimo asobanura ihame ryo kugandukira ku bushake ibyo amategeko yasabaga, byaba mu mishyikirano hagati y’abantu ubwabo cyangwa mu byo ubutegetsi busaba bihuje n’amategeko y’Imana.​—Luka 6:27-31; Yohana 17:14, 15.

Abakristo na Kayisari

10. Dukurikije uko umuhanga umwe mu by’amateka abivuga, ni ikihe gihagararo gihuje n’umutimanama Abakristo ba mbere bagize ku bihereranye na Kayisari?

¹⁰ Ayo mabwiriza avuzwe mu magambo ahinnye, yagombaga kugenga imishyikirano Abakristo bari kugirana na Leta. Mu gitabo cye cyitwa The Rise of Christianity, umuhanga mu byerekeye amateka witwa E. W Barnes yanditse agira ati “nyuma y’ibinyejana byinshi, igihe cyose Umukristo yabaga ashidikanya ku bihereranye n’ibyo yagombaga gukorera Leta, yitabazaga inyigisho za Kristo zirangwa n’ubutware. Yagombaga gutanga imisoro: imisoro yakwaga yashoboraga kuba iremereye cyane​—ku buryo yaje kugera aho ikabya mbere y’irunduka ry’Ubwami bw’i Burengerazuba​—ariko kandi, Umukristo yagombaga kuyitanga n’ubwo byari bigoranye. Nanone kandi, yemeraga ibindi byose Leta yamusabaga, apfa gusa kudasabwa guha Kayisari iby’Imana.”

11. Ni gute Pawulo yahaye Abakristo inama y’uburyo bagombaga kwifata ku bategetsi b’isi?

¹¹ Nyuma gato y’imyaka isaga 20 Kristo amaze gupfa, intumwa Pawulo yaje guhuza n’iryo hame maze abwira Abakristo bari i Roma ati “umuntu wese agandukire abatware bamutwara [“abategetsi bakuru,” MN ]” (Abaroma 13:1). Hafi imyaka icumi nyuma y’aho, mbere gato y’uko afungwa ubwa kabiri hanyuma akicirwa i Roma, Pawulo yandikiye Tito agira ati “ubibutse [Abakristo b’i Kirete] kugandukira abatware n’abafite ubushobozi, no kubumvira, babe biteguye gukora imirimo myiza yose, batagira uwo basebya, batarwana, ahubwo bagira ineza, berekana ubugwaneza bwose ku bantu bose.”​—Tito 3:1, 2.

Uburyo Gusobanukirwa Ibyerekeye “Abategetsi Bakuru,” (MN) Byagiye Biza Gahoro Gahoro

12. (a) Charles Taze Russell yabonaga ko Umukristo akwiriye kugira ikihe gihagararo ku bihereranye n’abategetsi ba Leta? (b) Ku bihereranye no gukora umurimo wa gisirikare, ni ibihe bitekerezo binyuranye Abakristo basizwe bari bafite mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose?

¹² Mu ntangiriro z’umwaka wa 1886, Charles Taze Russell yanditse mu gitabo Le plan des âges amagambo agira ati “ari Yesu ari n’Intumwa ze, nta n’umwe muri bo wigeze abangamira abategetsi b’isi mu buryo ubwo ari bwo bwose. . . . Bigishaga Itorero kumvira amategeko, no kubaha abategetsi ku bw’umurimo wabo, . . . gutanga imisoro basabwa, no kutagandira amategeko ayo ari yo yose yashyizweho (Rom 13:1-7; Mat 22:21), keretse iyo yabaga anyuranyije n’Amategeko y’Imana (Ibyak 4:19; 5:29). Yesu n’Intumwa ze hamwe n’abari bagize itorero rya mbere, bose bumviraga amategeko, n’ubwo bitandukanyaga n’ubutegetsi bw’iyi si, kandi bakaba batarabugiragamo uruhare.” Icyo gitabo cyamenyekanishije mu buryo bukwiriye “abatware b’ikirenga,” cyangwa “abategetsi bakuru,” bavugwa n’intumwa Pawulo ko ari abategetsi ba kimuntu. (Abaroma 13:1, King James Version.) Mu mwaka wa 1904, igitabo La nouvelle création cyavuze ko Abakristo b’ukuri “bagomba kuba mu bantu bumvira amategeko cyane bo muri iki gihe​—aho kuba mu bantu bateza imvururu, b’abanyamahane, banenga ibintu byose.” Hari bamwe bibwiye ko ibyo byashakaga kuvuga ko ari ukugandukira ubutegetsi buriho mu buryo bwimazeyo, ku buryo ndetse bakwemera gukora umurimo wa gisirikare mu gihe cy’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose. Icyakora, hari abandi babonaga ko uwo murimo uhabanye n’amagambo ya Yesu agira ati “abatwara inkota bose bazicwa n’inkota” (Matayo 26:52). Uko bigaragara, gusobanukirwa neza ukuntu Abakristo bakwiriye kugandukira abategetsi bakuru, byari bikenewe.

13. Ni irihe hinduka ryabayeho mu mwaka wa 1929 ku bihereranye no gusobanukirwa abo bategetsi b’ikirenga abo ari bo, kandi se, ni gute ibyo byagaragaye ko byari ingirakamaro?

¹³ Mu mwaka wa 1929, igihe ubutegetsi bwinshi bwari butangiye kubuzanya ibintu Imana itegeka, cyangwa bugasaba ibintu amategeko y’Imana abuzanya, abantu bumvaga ko abategetsi b’ikirenga bagomba kuba ari Yehova Imana na Yesu Kristo.b Uko ni ko abagaragu ba Yehova babyumvaga mu gihe cyari kigoye cyane mbere y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose no mu gihe cyayo kugeza mu gihe cy’Intambara yo Kurebana Igitsure, n’ipiganwa ryayo ryo guterana ubwoba mu rugero runaka, hamwe n’ingabo zari ziteguye. Dusubije amaso inyuma, twavuga ko kuba barabonaga ibintu batyo, babona ko Yehova na Kristo we ari bo basumba byose, byatumye ubwoko bw’Imana bukomeza kugira igihagararo cyo kutagira aho bubogamira mu bya politiki nta kunamuka, muri icyo gihe cyari kigoranye cyose.

Kuganduka mu Rugero Ruciriritse

14. Ni gute urumuri rwarushijeho kwiyongera ku bihereranye no mu Baroma 13:1, 2 hamwe no ku yindi mirongo ifitanye isano na ho mu mwaka wa 1962?

¹⁴ Mu mwaka wa 1961, Bibiliya yitwa Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau yarangije kwandikwa. Kuyitegura byasabaga kwiga mu buryo bwimbitse inyandiko y’Ibyanditswe mu rurimi byanditswemo. Ubuhinduzi buhuje neza n’umwimerere bw’amagambo atarakoreshejwe gusa mu Baroma igice cya 13, ahubwo nanone akaba yarakoreshejwe n’ahandi, nko muri Tito 3:1, 2 no muri 1 Petero 2:13, 17, bwagaragaje ko imvugo ngo “abategetsi bakuru, (“MN”)” iterekezaga ku Mutegetsi w’Ikirenga Yehova hamwe n’Umwana we Yesu, ahubwo ko yerekezaga ku bategetsi ba kimuntu. Ahagana mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1962, hari ingingo zasohotse mu igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi zatanze ibisobanuro by’ukuri ku bivugwa mu Baroma igice cya 13, kandi zinarushaho kumvikanisha ibintu kuruta uko byabonwaga mu gihe cya C. T. Russell. Izo ngingo zagaragaje ko Abakristo badashobora kugandukira abategetsi mu buryo butagira imipaka. Bagombaga kuganduka mu buryo buciriritse, ukuganduka kudatuma abagaragu b’Imana banyuranya n’amategeko yayo. Izindi ngingo zakurikiyeho zagiye zisohoka mu igazeti y’Umunara w’Umurinzi, zagiye zitsindagiriza iyo ngingo y’ingenzi.c

15, 16. (a) Ni ukuhe kubona ibintu mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro kurushaho kwabayeho, bitewe n’ibisobanuro bishya byatanzwe ku Baroma igice cya 13? (b) Ni ibihe bibazo bigomba gusubizwa?

¹⁵ Urwo rufunguzo rwo gusobanukirwa neza ibivugwa mu Baroma igice cya 13, rwatumye ubwoko bwa Yehova butabogama ku bihereranye no guha abategetsi ba gipolitiki icyubahiro bakwiriye guhabwa, ari na ko bukomeza kugira igihagararo gihamye ku mahame y’ingenzi y’Ibyanditswe (Zaburi 97:11; Yeremiya 3:15). Byatumye babona mu buryo bukwiriye ibihereranye n’imishyikirano bafitanye n’Imana n’uburyo bakorana na Leta. Bagiye baba maso kugira ngo mu gihe ibya Kayisari babiha Kayisari, batirengagiza guha Imana iby’Imana.

¹⁶ Ariko se koko, ibya Kayisari ni ibiki? Ni ibihe bintu byemewe n’amategeko Leta ishobora gusaba Umukristo? Ibyo bibazo bizasuzumwa mu gice gikurikira.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

Igishimishije ni uko, mu bisobanuro yatanze ku byerekeye Abaroma igice cya 13, umwarimu wo muri kaminuza witwa F. F. Bruce yanditse agira ati “ufatiye ku magambo yo muri icyo gice cyose, ndetse no mu nyandiko z’intumwa muri rusange, ni ibyumvikana ko Leta ifite uburenganzira bwo gusaba ko yumvirwa mu gihe gusa yaba itarengereye imipaka y’intego Imana yayishyiriyeho​—mu buryo bwihariye, nta bwo ishobora kutumvirwa, ahubwo igomba kutumvirwa mu gihe yaba isaba kuganduka gukwiriye Imana yonyine.”

Mbese, Ushobora Gusobanura?

◻ Kuki kugandukira abategetsi bakuru bidashaka kuvuga ko ari ukugandukira Satani?

◻ Ni iyihe myifatire Yesu yagize ku bihereranye na politiki yo mu gihe cye?

◻ Ni iyihe nama Yesu yahaye abigishwa be ku bihereranye n’ukuntu bagombaga gukorana na Kayisari?

◻ Ni gute Pawulo yahaye Abakristo inama ku bihereranye n’imishyikirano bagomba kugirana n’abategetsi b’amahanga?

◻ Ni gute kumenya abategetsi bakuru abo ari bo byagiye bisobanuka buhoro buhoro uko imyaka yagiye ihita?

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 15]

Igihe Satani yahaga Yesu ubutegetsi bwa gipolitiki, Yesu yarabwanze

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 17]

Russell yanditse avuga ko Abakristo b’ukuri “bagomba kuba mu bantu bumvira amategeko cyane bo muri iki gihe”