Kuki Umuco wo Kwizerana Wacitse?
‘MBESE koko muri iki gihe ushobora kugira uwo wizera?’ Ushobora kuba warumvise umuntu runaka washobewe yibaza icyo kibazo. Cyangwa se, hari ubwo nawe ubwawe waba warigeze kwibaza icyo kibazo, mu gihe wari wateshejwe umutwe n’ibintu byakubayeho mu buzima.
Nta gushidikanya, umuco wo kwizerana waracitse ku isi hose, haba mu bigo runaka no mu bandi bantu. Incuro nyinshi, usanga uko kutizerana gufite impamvu zumvikana. Mbese mu by’ukuri, hari umuntu witega ko abanyapolitiki benshi bazasohoza ibyo basezeranya byose mu gihe cyo kwiyamamaza? Iperereza ryakozwe mu mwaka wa 1990 ku banyeshuri 1.000 bo mu Budage, ryagaragaje ko mu gihe abagera kuri 16,5 ku ijana muri bo bari biringiye ko abanyapolitiki bashobora kuzakemura ibibazo by’isi, ababaruta incuro ebyiri bo babishidikanyagaho cyane. Kandi abenshi muri bo bavuze ko nta cyizere bafite cy’uko abanyapolitiki bashobora gukemura ibibazo, cyangwa ko banafite ubushake bwo kubikemura.
Ikinyamakuru cyitwa Stuttgarter Nachrichten cyitotombye kigira kiti “abanyapolitiki benshi cyane usanga mbere na mbere batekereza ku nyungu zabo bwite, hanyuma mu gihe bishobotse gusa, bakabona gutekereza no ku nyungu z’ababatoye.” Hari abantu bo mu bindi bihugu na bo babibona batyo. Ikinyamakuru cyitwa The European, cyerekeje ku gihugu kimwe kigira kiti “imyifatire y’urubyiruko yo kutagirira icyizere na gike abanyapolitiki ifite ishingiro rwose, kandi ruyisangiye n’abarukuriye.” Cyavuze ko ‘abatora bahora basezerera amashyaka ya gipolitiki mu matora.’ Icyo kinyamakuru cyaje kugera aho kivuga kiti “umuntu uwo ari we wese umaranye umwanya n’urubyiruko [rwo muri icyo gihugu], ahita yibonera ukuntu rutakirangwa n’icyizere, n’ukuntu rutagishaka kuyoborwa.” Nyamara kandi, ubutegetsi bushingiye kuri demokarasi ntibugera kuri byinshi, iyo nta cyizere abaturage babufitiye. John F. Kennedy wahoze ari perezida wa Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, yigeze kuvuga ati “ikintu cy’ibanze kugira ngo ubutegetsi bugire icyo bugeraho, ni uko abaturage baba babufitiye icyizere.”
Ku birebana no kugira icyizere mu bihereranye n’amafaranga, kugwa gutunguranye kw’iby’ubukungu, hamwe n’imishinga yari igamije kuzana ubukire bw’ikitaraganya ikaza kugenda nabi, byatumye abantu benshi babishidikanyaho. Igihe amasoko ngengabukungu yo mu rwego mpuzamahanga yahubanganaga mu kwezi k’Ukwakira 1997, hari ikinyamakuru cyavuze ibihereranye no “gutakaza icyizere mu rugero ruhanitse kandi rimwe na rimwe mu buryo budafite ishingiro,” hamwe n’iby’ “icyorezo cyo kutizerana.” Nanone kandi, cyavuze ko “[mu gihugu kimwe cyo muri Aziya] umuco wo kwizerana wakendereye cyane, ku buryo byageze n’aho ubutegetsi buriho . . . busa n’ubwugarijwe.” Muri make, ibyo cyavuze byavugwa muri aya magambo yumvikana neza: “imimerere y’iby’ubukungu ishingiye ku kwizerana.”
Amadini na yo yananiwe gutuma abantu bizerana. Ikinyamakuru cy’idini cyo mu Budage cyitwa Christ in der Gegenwart, cyavuze mu buryo bubabaje amagambo agira ati “icyizere rubanda rufitiye Kiliziya, kirakomeza kugenda kigabanuka.” Hagati y’umwaka wa 1986 n’uwa 1992, umubare w’Abadage bagiriraga idini icyizere cyinshi, cyangwa nibura giciriritse, waragabanutse, uva kuri 40 ugera kuri 33 ku ijana. Mu by’ukuri, mu cyahoze ari Ubudage bw’i Burasirazuba ho, uwo mubare waramanutse, ugera munsi ya 20 ku ijana. Mu buryo bunyuranye n’ubwo ariko, abantu bagiriraga icyizere gike amadini, cyangwa se batanakigiraga rwose, bariyongereye, bava kuri 56 bagera kuri 66 ku ijana mu cyahoze ari Ubudage bw’i Burengerazuba, naho mu cyahoze ari Ubudage bw’i Burasirazuba bagera kuri 71 ku ijana.
Imyifatire yo gutakaza icyizere yagiye igaragarira no mu zindi nzego zitari izirebana na politiki, ubukungu n’amadini—ari zo nkingi eshatu z’umuryango wa kimuntu. Urundi rugero, ni uruhereranye no kubahiriza amategeko. Ibyuho bigenda biboneka mu mategeko yagenewe guhana abagizi ba nabi, ingorane ziboneka mu gutuma amategeko yubahirizwa mu buryo butabera, n’imyanzuro ikemangwa ifatwa n’inkiko, byahungabanyije mu buryo bukomeye icyizere abantu bari bafite. Dukurikije uko ikinyamakuru cyitwa Time cyabivuze, “gushoberwa kw’abaturage n’abapolisi byageze ku ntera yo kutagirira icyizere gahunda ihora irekura abagizi ba nabi ba ruharwa, bakongera kwidegembya mu mihanda.” Kubera ko abapolisi barya ruswa kandi bagahutaza abantu, na bo nta cyizere na gike bakigirirwa.
Ku birebana na politiki zo mu rwego mpuzamahanga, imishyikirano igamije ibyo kuzana amahoro itagira icyo igeraho hamwe n’amasezerano yo guhagarika imirwano atubahirizwa, bigaragaza ukutizerana. Bill Richardson, uhagarariye Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika mu Muryango w’Abibumbye, yatunze agatoki imbogamizi y’ingenzi ituma amahoro atagerwaho mu Burasirazuba bwo Hagati, agira ati “nta kwizerana guhari.”
Hagati aho tugarutse ku bireba abantu ku giti cyabo, usanga hari benshi batanizera bene wabo ba bugufi n’incuti zabo z’amagara, abo bakaba ari bo bantu ubusanzwe umuntu yirukira kugira ngo bamwumve kandi bamuhumurize iyo ahuye n’ingorane. Ibyo birasa neza neza n’imimerere umuhanuzi w’Umuheburayo Mika yasobanuye, agira ati “ntimukizigire incuti; ntimukiringire incuti y’amagara; ndetse n’umugore wawe mupfumbatana ntumubumburire umunwa wawe, ngo ugire icyo umubwira.”—Mika 7:5.
Ikimenyetso Kiranga Ibihe
Uwitwa Arthur Fischer, akaba ari Umudage w’umuhanga mu birebana n’imitekerereze y’abantu n’imyifatire yabo, aherutse kuvugwaho ko yagize ati “mu by’ukuri, mu mpande zose usanga nta cyizere na mba abantu bakigira mu bihereranye n’amajyambere y’umuryango, no mu bihereranye n’imibereho yabo y’igihe kizaza. Urubyiruko ntirwizera neza ko inzego ziriho mu muryango w’abantu zishobora kugira icyo zirumarira. Iyo bigeze ku muryango wa gipolitiki, uwa kidini, cyangwa undi muryango uwo ari wo wose, noneho icyizere cyarwo kirayoyoka burundu.” Ntibitangaje rero kuba umuhanga mu birebana n’imibereho myiza y’abantu witwa Ulrich Beck, yaravuze iby’ “umuco wo gushidikanya” ku bategetsi, ku miryango no ku mpuguke runaka zimaze igihe.
Mu muco nk’uwo, usanga abantu bashaka kwishyira ukwabo, kwanga kuyoborwa no kubaho bakurikije amahame yabo bwite, bakifatira imyanzuro idashingiye ku nama cyangwa ku buyobozi bahabwa n’abandi. Hari bamwe bakabya kwishisha abo bumva ko badashobora kuziringira ukundi, ndetse wenda bakanabasuzugura mu byo babagirira. Iyo myifatire izamura umwuka mubi, nk’uko bivugwa muri Bibiliya, aho igira iti “mu minsi y’imperuka hazaza ibihe birushya; kuko abantu bazaba bikunda, bakunda impiya, birarīra, bibona, batukana, batumvira ababyeyi babo, indashima, batari abera, badakunda n’ababo, batūzura, babeshyerana, batirinda, bagira urugomo, badakunda ibyiza, bagambana, ibyigenge, bikakaza, bakunda ibibanezeza aho gukunda Imana, bafite ishusho yo kwera ariko bahakana imbaraga zako” (2 Timoteyo 3:1-5; Imigani 18:1). Mu by’ukuri, kuba muri iki gihe abantu batizerana, ni ikimenyetso cy’ibihe tugezemo, ikimenyetso kiranga ‘iminsi y’imperuka.’
Mu isi itakibamo umuco wo kwizerana kandi yuzuye abantu nk’abo bamaze kuvugwa haruguru, ubuzima ntibushobora rwose kwishimirwa mu buryo bwuzuye. Ariko se, gutekereza ko ibintu bizahinduka, byaba bishyize mu gaciro? Mbese, ingeso iriho muri iki gihe yo kutizerana, ishobora kuneshwa? Niba ari byo se, bizashoboka bite kandi ryari?