Ivuka rya Yesu​—Inkuru nyakuri

TEKEREZA ikintu cyabayeho kizwi cyane mu mateka y’igihugu cyawe. Cyanditsweho cyane n’abahanga mu by’amateka barenze umwe. None se, byagenda bite mu gihe umuntu yaba akubwiye ko icyo kintu kitigeze kibaho, ko ari inkuru y’impimbano gusa? Cyangwa se ubyiyerekejeho, byagenda bite mu gihe umuntu yaba yihandagaje, akakubwira ko ibyinshi mu byo umuryango wawe wakubwiye ku bihereranye no kuvuka kwa sogokuru, hamwe n’imibereho ye yo mu bwana ari ibinyoma? Muri iyo mimerere yombi, icyo gitekerezo ubwacyo gishobora kukurakaza. Nta gushidikanya, ntiwapfa kwemera ibyo bintu ngo ni uko bivuzwe gusa.

Nyamara kandi, abantu bajora bo muri iki gihe, ubusanzwe bapfobya inkuru z’Amavanjiri zihereranye n’ivuka rya Yesu zanditswe na Matayo na Luka. Bavuga ko izo nkuru zivuguruzanya mu buryo buhabanye cyane kandi zikaba zidashobora guhuzwa, kandi ko zombi zirimo ibinyoma byambaye ubusa n’amakosa akomeye yo mu rwego rw’amateka. Mbese koko, ibyo bishobora kuba ari ukuri? Aho kwemera ibyo birego, nimucyo twisuzumire inkuru zo mu Mavanjiri. None kandi, nimucyo turebe icyo zitwigisha muri iki gihe.

Intego mu Kwandika

Mbere na mbere kwibuka intego y’izo nkuru za Bibiliya, biradufasha. Nta bwo ari inkuru zivuga imibereho y’abantu runaka; ahubwo ni Amavanjiri. Kumenya kubitandukanya ni iby’ingenzi. Mu nkuru ivuga imibereho y’umutu runaka, umwanditsi ashobora kuzuza amapaji abarirwa mu magama, yihatira kugaragaza ukuntu umuntu yekezaho yaje kuba umuntu w’kirangirire. Ku bw’ibyo, inkuru zimwe nazimwe zivuga ibihereranye n’mibereho y’abantu runaka, zimara amapaji menshi zivuga utuntu duto duto duhereranye n’ababyeyi b’uwo zivuga, ivuka rye n’imibereho ye yo mu bwana. Ibyo rero bitandukanye n’uko bimeze ku Mavanjiri. Mu nkuru enye z’Amanjiri, iya Matayo n’iyo Luka ni zo zonyine zivuga iby’ivuka rya Yesu n’imibereho ye yo mu bwana. Ariko kandi, intego y’izo nkuru si iyo kugaragaza ukuntu Yesu yaje kuba umuntu yabaye we. Ibuka ko abigishwa ba Yesu bamenye ko yari yarabayeho ari ikiremwa cy’umwuka mbere y’uko aza ku isi (Yohana 8:23,58). Bityo rero, Matayo na Luka nta bwo bakoresheje imibereho yo mu bwana Yesu bagamije gusobanura uwo yaje kuba we. Ahubwo, bavuze ibintu byari bihuje n’intego z’Amavanjiri yabo.

None se, ni iki bari bagamije mu gihe bayandikaga? Ijambo “ivanjiri” risobanurwa ngo “inkuru nziza.” Abo bagabo bombi bari bafite ubutumwa bumwe-bw’uko Yesu ari we Mesiya wasezeranyijwe, cyangwa Kristo; ko yapfuye azira ibyaha by’abantu; kandi ko yazuwe akajyanwa mu ijuru. Ariko kandi, biragaragara ko abo banditsi bombi bari barabaye mu mimerere itandukanye, kandi bandikiraga abantu batandukanye. Matayo wari umukoresha w’ikoro, yanditse inkuru ye kugira ngo izasomwe n’abantu bagizwe ahanini n’Abayahudi. Luka wari umuganga, yandikiye “Tewofilo mwiza rwose”-ushobora kuba yari afite umwanya wo mu rwego rwo hejuru-kandi nanone ibyo yanditse bikaba byari kuzagera ku basomyi benshi b’Abayahudi n’Abanyamahanga (Luka 1:1-3). Buri mwanditsi yagiye atoranya ibintu byarebanaga cyane n’abo yandikira, kandi bishobora kubemeza cyane kurusha ibindi. Bityo rero inkuru ya Matayo yibanda ku buhanuzi bwo mu byanditswe bya Giheburyo buhereranye na Yesu bwari bwarasohoye. Ku rundi ruhande, Luka we yanditse akurikije ibintu by’ifatizo byari byaragiye biba mu mateka, ibyo abantu batari Abayahudi bari kuzasoma inkuru ye bakaba bashobora kuba barabyemeraga.

Ntibitangaje rero kuba inkuru zabo zitandukanye. Ariko kandi, izo nkuru zombi ntizivuguruzanya nk’uko bamwe mu bajora bihandagaza babivuga. Ahubwo ziruzuzanya, zigahuriza hamwe mu gutanga isura yuzuye neza.

Yesu Avukira i Betelehemu

Matayo na Luka bombi banditse igitagaza gihambaye gihereranye n’ivuka rya Yesu-yavutse ku mwari wari ukiri isugi. Matayo agaragaza ko icyo gitangaza cyasohozaga ubuhanuzi bwari bwaravuzwe na Yesaya mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi mbere y’aho (Yesaya 7:14; Matayo 1:22, 23). Luka asobanura ko Yesu yavukiye i Betelehemu bitewe n’uko ibarura ryari ryarateguwe na Kayisari, ryatumye Yozefu na Mariya bajyayo. (Reba agasanduku kari ku ipaji ya 7). Kuba Yesu yaravukiye i Betelehemu, byari iby’ingenzi cyane. Hari hashize ibinyejana byinshi umuhanuzi Mika ahanuye ko Mesiya yari kuzavukira muri ako kadugudu gasa n’aho ari nta cyo kavuze kari hafi ya Yeruslemu.—Mika 5:2

Ijoro Yesu yavutsemo, rizwi hose ko ngo ari ryo ibitegurwa mu birugu bishingiyeho. Ariko kandi, inkuru nyakuri y’ibyabaye itandukanye rwose n’ikunze kugaragazwa. Umuhanga mu by’amateka Luka, we utubwira iby’ibarura ryatumye Yozefu na Mariya bajya i Betelehemu, anatubwira ibihereranye n’abungeri bari baraye ku gasozi hamwe n’imikumbi yabo muri iryo joro ry’ingenzi. Ibyo bintu byombi byatumye abashakashatsi benshi mu bya Bibiliya bagera ku mwanzuro w’uko Yesu adashobora kuba yaravutse mu kwezi k’Ukuboza. Bagaragaza ko Kayisari atashoboraga guhatira Abayahudi bari basanzwe ari abarakare, kujya mu midugudu yabo kavukire mu gihe cy’imbeho n‘imvura, Kuko ibyo byari kurushaho kurakaza ubwo bwoko bwari bwarigometse. Nanone kandi, intiti zimwe zivuga ko abungeri batashoboraga kuba bari ku gasozi hamwe n’imikumbi yabo muri icyo gihe kiba kitameze neza.—Luka 2:8-14

Zirikana ko Yehova atahisemo kumenyesha iby’ivuka ry’Umwana we abayobozi ba kidini b’intiti kandi bari bafite ijambo rikomeye icyo gihe, ahubwo akabimenyesha abantu bakora imirimo y’amaboko biberaga ku gasozi. Abanditsi n’Abafarisayo bashobora kuba nta mishyikirano ya bugufi bagiranaga n’abungeri, kuko gahunda y’akazi ihora ihindagurika y’abo bungeri yatumaga badashobora kubahiriza ibintu bimwe na bimwe byari mu mategeko atanditswe. Ariko Imana yatonesheje abo bantu bicisha bugufi kandi bizerwa, ibaha icyubahiro gikomeye intumwa zigizwe n’abamarayika zabamenyesheje ko Mesiya, uwo ubwoko bw’Imana bwari bumaze imyaka ibarirwa mu bihumbi butegereje, yari amaze kuvukira i Betelehemu. Abo bantu ni bo bagiye gusura Mariya na Yozefu, maze bareba uwo mwana w’umuziranenge wari uryamye mu muvure w’inka, ibyo bikaba bitarakozwe n’“abami batatu,” ba bandi bakunze kugaragazwa mu bintu biba biteguwe mu birugu.—Luka 2:15-20.

Yehova Atonesha Abashaka Ukuri Bicishije Bugufi

Imana yikundira abantu bicisha bugufi bayikunda kandi bagashishikazwa mu buryo bwimbitse no kubona isohozwa ry’imigambi yayo. Iyo ni yo ngingo igenda igaruka mu bintu byabayeho mu gihe cy’ivuka rya Yesu. Igihe uwo mwana yari amaze igihe kigeze hafi ku kwezi avutse, Yozefu na Mariya bamujyanye mu rusengero nk’uko Amategeko ya Mose yabitegekaga, bahatambira igitambo kigizwe n’“intungura ebyiri, cyangwa ibyana by’inuma bibiri” (Luka 2:22-24). Mu by’ukuri, Amategeko yasabaga ko hatambwa umwana w”intama, ariko yemeraga ko hatangwa ibyo bihendutse mu gihe byabaga bitewe n’ubukene (Abalewi 12:1-8). Bitekerezeho nawe. Yehova Imana, Umutegetsi w’ikirenga w’isi n’ijuru ntiyatoranyije umuryango ukize, ahubwo yatoranyije ukennye kugira ngo Umwana we w’ikinege akunda cyane abe ari wo azarererwamo. Niba uri umubyeyi, ibi byagombye kujya bihora bikwibutsa ko impano iruta izindi zose ushobora guha abana bawe impano iruta kure ubukire bw’ibintu by’umubiri cyangwa uburere buhambaye mu maso ya rubanda ari imimere yo mu muryango ishyira ibintu by’umwuka mu mwanya wa mbere.

Mu rusengero, hari hari abandi bantu babiri basengaga Imana bizerwa kandi bicisha bugufi, bakundwaga na Yehova. Umwe ni umukecuru w’umupfakazi witwaga Ana wari ufite imyaka 84, ‘wahoraga mu rusengero’ (Luka 2:36,37). Undi in umusaza wizerwa witwaga Simeyoni. Bombi bashimishijwe n’igikundiro Imana yabahaye—cyo kubona uwari kuzaba Mesiya wasezeranyijwe mbere y’uko bapfa. Simeyoni yahanuye ibihereranye n’uwo mwana. Ni ubuhanuzi bwuzuye ibyiringiro ariko burimo n’akantu k’umubabaro. Yahanuye ko uwo mubyeyi wari ukiri muto, ari we Mariya, igihe kimwe yari kuzashengurwa umutima n’agahinda k’umwana we akunda.—Luka 2:25-35

Umwana Uri mu Kaga

Ubuhanzi bwa Simeyoni bwari ikintu kibabaje cyane, cyibutsaga ko uwo mwana w’inzirakarengane yari kuzangwa. Ndetse n’igihe yari akiri uruhinja, urwo rwango rwatangiye gucumbeka. Inkuru ya Matayo igaragaza neza uko byagenze. Hari hashize amezi runaka, kandi Yozefu, Mariya hamwe na Yesu, icyo gihe bari basigaye baba mu nzu yari i Betelehemu. Bagize batya basurwa n’abanyamahanga benshi batari biteze. Mu buryo bunyuranye n’uko ibintu byinshi biba biteguwe mu birugu bibigaragaza, nta kintu Matayo atubwira ku bihereranye n’umubare w’abo bantu, kandi nta n’ubwo abita “abanyabwenge,” kandi nta gushidikanya, ntanabita “abami batatu.” Ahubwo akoresha ry’Ikigiriki mágoi risobanurwa ngo “abaraguza inyenyeri.” Ibyo byonyine byagombye guha umusomyi igitekerezo cy’uko hari ikintu kibi cyari inyuma y’ibyo, bitewe n’uko kuraguza inyenyeri ari igikorwa Ijambo ry’Imana riciraho iteka, kandi Abayahudi bizerwa bakaba barakigenderaga kure.—Gutegeka 18:10-12; Yesaya 47:13,14.

Abo bantu braguzaga inyenyeri bakurikiye inyenyeri iturutse iburasirazuba, kandi bari bazaniye impano “umwami w’Abayuda wavutse” (Matayo 2:2). Ariko kandi, iyo nyenyeri ntiyabajyanye i Betelehemu. Ahubwo yabayoboye i Yerusalemu, no kwa Herode Mukuru. Nta wundi muntu n’umwe ku isi wari ufite uburyo n’intego nk’ibye, byo kugirira nabi Yesu wari ukiri umwana. Uwo mugabo wari warokamwe n’ingeso yo kurarikira kandi w’umwicanyi, yari yarishe abantu benshi bo mu bagize umuryango we bwite ba bugufi, abo yatinyaga ko bashoboraga kumubangamira.a Amaze guhagarikwa umutima no kumva iby’ivuka ry’uwari kuzaba “Umwami w’Abayuda,” yahaye abo baraguzaga inyenyeri ubutumwa bwo kuja gushaka uwo mwana i Betelehemu. Mu gihe barimo bagenda, habayeho ikintu runaka kidasanzwe. Ya “nyenyeri” yari yabayoboye i Yerusalemu, yasaga n’aho irimo igenda!​—Matayo 2:1-9, NW.

Icyo gihe rero, niba ari inyenyeri nyanyenyeri babonaga mu kirere cyangwa niba ari iyerekwa gusa, ntitubizi. Ariko icyo tuzi cyo, ni uko iyo “nyenyeri” itari yoherejwe n’Imana. Ku bw’umugambi mubisha, yayoboye abo basengaga imana z’abapagani, ibageza neza neza kuri Yesu uruhinja rutagira kivurira, rutagira kirengera, rurinzwe n’umubaji w’umukene hamwe n’umugore we bonyine. Kubera ko abo bantu baraguzaga inyenyeri batari bazi ko Herode yabashutse, bashoboraga kugaruka kubwira uwo mwami wari ufite inyota yo kwihorera, ibyo bigatuma uwo mwana yicwa, Ariko Imana yarahagobotse binyuriye mu nzozi, maze ibohereza iwabo banyuze iyindi nzira. Bityo rero, ya “nyenyeri” igomba kuba yari igikoresho cy’umwanzi w’Imana, ari we Satani, wari kuzakora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo agirire nabi Mesiya. Mbega ukuntu ari ugucurika ibintu kuba iyo “nyenyeri” n’abo bantu baraguzaga inyenyeri bagaragazwa mu bintu biba biteguwe mu birugu nk’aho bari batumwe n’Imana!—Matayo 2:9-12.

Icyakora Satani ntiyigeze ava ku izima. Uwari icyitso cye muri icyo kibazo, Umwami Herode, yatanze itegeko ryo kwica abana bose b’i Betelehemu batagejeje ku myaka ibiri. Ariko kandi, Satani ntashobora gutsinda Yehova. Matayo yanditse ko Imana yari yaranabonye mbere y’igihe kirekire ko abana batariho urubanza bari kuzicwa mu buryo bwa kinyamaswa. Yehova yongeye gukoma Satani mu nkokora, maze binyuriye ku mumarayika, aha Yozefu umuburo wo guhungira mu Misiri kugira ngo babone umutekano. Matayo yanditse ko igihe runaka nyuma y’aho, Yozefu yongeye kwimukana n’umuryango we muto, maze amaherezo awutuza i Nazareti, ari na ho Yesu yakuriye hamwe na barumuna be na bashiki be.​—Matayo 2:13-23; 13:55, 56.

Ivuka rya Yesu—Icyo Risobanura Kuri Wowe

Mbese, wumva utangajwe mu rugero runaka n’ibi byabayeho mu gihe cy’ivuka rya Yesu no mu bwana bwe? Abenshi birabatangaza. Batangazwa no kubona ko mu by’ukuri izo nkuru zihuza kandi zikaba ari iz’ukuri, n’ubwo hari abantu bamwe bemeza nta mbebya ko zivuguruzanya. Batangazwa no kumenya ko ibintu bimwe na bimwe byari byarahanuwe mu myaka ibarirwa mu magana mbere y’uko biba. Kandi batagazwa n’uko ibintu bimwe by’ibenzi biboneka mu Mavanjiri bitandukanye mu buryo bugaragara n’ibiboneka mu nkuru zivuga ibihereranye n’ivuka rya Yesu no mu birugu.

Ariko kandi, wenda ikibatangaza kurusha ibindi byose, ni uko mu migenzo irebana no kwizihiza ibirori bya Noheli, usanga imyinshi ihigika ibintu by’ingenzi bikubiye mu nkuru z’Amavanjiri. Urugero, ntibita kuri Se wa Yesu−atari Yozefu, ahubwo Yehova Imana. Tekereza ibyiyumvo yagize igihe yashingaga Umwana we akunda Yozefu na Mariya ngo bamurere kandi bamutunge. Tekereza intimba Uwo Mubyeyi wo mu ijuru yagize ubwo yemeraga ko Umwana we akurira mu isi yari irimo umwami wuzuye urwango, wari kuzamugambanira kugira ngo yicwe, ndetse n’igihe yari akiri agahinja! Urukundo rwimbitse Yehova yakunze abantu, ni rwo rwamusunikiye kwigomwa atyo.​—Yohana 3:16.

Yesu nyawe akenshi arahigikwa mu birori bya Noheli. N’ikimenyimenyi kandi, nta na hamwe handitse ko yigeze abwira abigishwa abe itariki yavukiyeho; nta n’ikintu na kimwe cyerekana ko abigishwa be bizihizaga ivuka rye.

Ivuka rya Yesu si ryo yategetse abigishwa be kujya bibuka, ahubwo urupfu rwe−hamwe n’uruhare rufite mu mateka−ni rwo yabategetse kujya bibuka (Luka 22:19, 20). Oya, nta n’ubwo Yesu yifuzaga ko bazajya bamwibuka ari umwana w’uruhinja utagira kivurira uryamye mu muvure w’inka, bitewe n’uko ubu atakimeze atyo. Hashize imyaka isaga 60 nyuma y’iyicwa rye, Yesu yabonekeye intumwa Yohana mu iyerekwa ari Umwami w’umunyambaraga, uri ku ifarashi agiye ku rugamba (Ibyahishuwe 19:11-16). Uwo mwanya Yesu arimo wo kuba ari Umutware w’Ubwami bw’Imana bwo mu ijuru, ni wo tugomba kumumenyamo muri iki gihe, kubera ko ari Umwami uzahindura isi.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Agasanduku/Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Mbese, Luka yaba yarabeshye?

Ni gute Yesu wakuriye i Nazareti, kandi wari uzwiho cyane kuba yari Umunyanazareti, yaba yaravukiye i Betelehemu ku birometero bigera ku 150 uturutse aho? Luka asobanura agira ati “nuko muri iyo minsi [ya mbere y’ivuka rya Yesu] itegeko riva kwa Kayisari Awugusito, ngo abo mu bihugu bye bose bandikwe. Uko ni ko kwandikwa kwa mbere, kwabayeho Kureniyo ategeka i Siriya. Bose bajya kwiyandikisha, umuntu wese ajya mu mudugudu w’iwabo.”​—Luka 1:1; 2:1-3.

Hari abibasira uwo murongo cyane, bavuga ko urimo ikosa rikomeye ryaturutse ku bwenge buke, cyangwa se bagakabiriza ibintu kurushaho, bavuga ko urimo ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa. Batsimbarara ku gitekerezo cy’uko iryo barura, hamwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Kureniyo, byabayeho mu mwaka wa 6 cyangwa uwa 7 I.C. Ibyo bavuga bibaye ari ukuri, ibyo byatuma habaho ugushidikanya gukomeye ku bihereranye n’inkuru ya Luka, bitewe n’uko hari ibihamya bigaragaza ko Yesu yavutse mu mwaka wa 2 M.I.C. Ariko kandi, abo bantu iyo bajora, birengagiza ibintu bibiri by’ingenzi. Icya mbere, ni uko Luka yiyemerera ko habayeho amabarura menshi—zirikana ko yerekeje kuri ‘uko kwandikwa kwa mbere.’ Yari azi neza ko nyuma y’aho habayeho irindi barura (Ibyakozwe 5:37). Iryo barura ryabaye nyuma y’aho, ni na ryo umuhanga mu by’amateka witwa Josephus yavuzeho, ryabaye mu mwaka wa 6 I.C. Icya kabiri birengagiza, ni uko igihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Kureniyo kitaduhatira kumva ko Yesu yavutse muri icyo gihe cy’ibarura rya nyuma. Kubera iki? Kubera ko hari ibihamya bigaragaza ko Kureniyo yategetse muri uwo mwanya incuro ebyiri. Intiti nyinshi zemeza ko igihe cye cya mbere cyo gutegeka cyagejeje mu mwaka wa 2 M.I.C.

Abantu bamwe na bamwe bajora, bavuga ko Luka yihimbiye ibyo kuvuga ko habaye ibarura, kugira ngo abone impamvu yashingiraho avuga ko Yesu yavukiye i Betelehemu, bityo abe asohoje ubuhanuzi bwo muri Mika 5:1, umurongo wa 2 muri Biblia Yera. Icyo gitekerezo gituma Luka abonwamo umubeshyi wabigambiriye, kandi nta muntu n’umwe muri abo bajora ushobora gusobanura ukuntu byakumvikana ko icyo kirego cyahama umuhanga mu by’amateka wanditse Ivanjiri n’igitabo cy’Ibyakozwe, akaba yaravugishaga ukuri mu tuntu twose.

Ikindi kintu kidashobora gusobanurwa n’umuntu n’umwe muri abo bajora, ni uko rya barura na ryo ubwaryo ryasohoje ubuhanuzi! Mu kinyejana cya gatandatu M.I.C., Daniyeli yahanuye iby’umwami wari ‘kuzohereza umukoresha w’ikoro mu gihugu gifite ubwiza.’ Mbese, ibyo byaba byarerekezaga kuri Awugusito n’itegeko yatanze ryo gukora ibarura muri Isirayeli? Ubwo buhanuzi bukomeza buhanura ko Mesiya cyangwa “umutware w’isezerano” yari ‘kuzamenagurika’ mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’uwari kuzasimbura uwo mwami. Mu by’ukuri, Yesu ‘yaramenaguritse,’ ni ukuvuga ko yishwe, mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Tiberiyo, wasimbuye Awugusito.—Daniyeli 11:20-22.

[Amafoto]

Kayisari Awugusito (27 M.I.C.–14 I.C.)

Tiberiyo Kayisari (14-37 I.C.)

[Aho amafoto yavuye]

Musée de Normandie, i Caen ho mu Bufaransa

Ifoto yatanzwe na British Museum

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 8]

Umumarayika wa Yehova yatonesheje abungeri bicisha bugufi, abamenyesha inkuru nziza y’ivuka rya Kristo