Umusozi wa Athos—Mbese, ni “Umusozi Wera”?
KU BAYOBOKE ba Kiliziya ya Orutodogisi basaga miriyoni 220, Umusozi wa Athos, ukaba ari impinga y’ibihanamanga mu majyaruguru y’u Bugiriki, ni wo “musozi wera cyane mu turere twiganjemo idini ry’Aborutodogisi rya Gikristo.” Kuri benshi muri bo, kujya gusura “umusozi wera” wa Athos ni ikintu bifuza cyane. Uwo ‘musozi wera’ ni iki? Ni gute waje kugira agaciro kangana gatyo? Kandi se, waba ari wo ‘musozi’ abantu batinya Imana bagomba gushakiraho ubuyobozi bwo mu buryo bw’umwuka hamwe no gusenga k’ukuri?
Imvugo ngo “umusozi wera” iboneka muri Bibiliya. Ifitanye isano na gahunda yo gusenga kwera, kutanduye kandi ko mu rwego rwo hejuru y’Imana y’ukuri ari yo Yehova. Umusozi Siyoni wo muri Yerusalemu ya kera wabaye “umusozi wera” igihe Umwami Dawidi yazanaga isanduku y’isezerano kuri uwo musozi (Zaburi 15:1; 43:3; 2 Samweli 6:12, 17). Nyuma y’aho urusengero rwa Salomo rwubakiwe ku Musozi Moriya, “Siyoni” yari igizwe n’agace k’urusengero; bityo Siyoni ikomeza kuba “umusozi wera” w’Imana. (Zaburi 2:6; Yoweli 4:17 [3:17 muri Biblia Yera].) Kubera ko urusengero rw’Imana rwari i Yerusalemu, rimwe na rimwe uwo mujyi wanitwaga ‘umusozi wera’w’Imana.—Yesaya 66:20; Daniyeli 9:16, 20.
Bite se muri iki gihe? Mbese, Umusozi wa Athos—cyangwa ahandi hantu hirengeye aho ari ho hose—waba ari “umusozi wera” abantu bagomba kujya bisukiranya kugira ngo basenge Imana mu buryo bwemewe?
“Umusozi Wera” Wubatsweho Ibigo by’Abihaye Imana
Umusozi wa Athos uherereye mu mpera y’i burasirazuba bw’Umwigimbakirwa wa Chalcidique, ku mpera y’akarondorondo gato k’ubutaka bwinjira mu Nyanja ya Egée, mu gace k’i burasirazuba bwa Tesalonike y’ubu. Ni umusozi ushimishije uriho amabuye y’urugarika bita marbre, umusozi uhanamye uzamuka uvuye mu nyanja ukagera ku butumburuke bwa metero 2.032.
Kuva kera, umusozi wa Athos wabonwaga ko ari umusozi wera. Mu nkuru z’impimbano z’Abagiriki, wari icumbi ry’imana mbere y’uko Umusozi wa Olympe uhinduka icumbi ryazo. Mu gihe runaka nyuma ya Konsitantino Mukuru (mu kinyejana cya kane I.C.), Athos yabaye ahantu hera h’amadini ya Gikristo. Dukurikije uko inkuru imwe ya rubanda ibivuga, igihe “isugi” Mariya yari ari kumwe na Yohana Umubwirizabutumwa bagiye i Kupuro gusura Lazaro, bomokeye ku musozi wa Athos biturutse ku muhengeri ukaze wari ubatunguye. Ubwiza bw’uwo musozi bwamugeze ku mutima, maze awusaba Yesu. Ku bw’ibyo, umusozi wa Athos, nanone waje kwitwa “Ubusitani bw’Isugi Ryera.” Ahagana mu gihe cy’Ubwami bwa Byzance rwagati, uwo musozi wose uko wakabaye ugizwe n’ibibuye bishinyitse waje kwitwa Umusozi Wera. Iryo zina ryafashwe kandi ryemezwa ku mugaragaro mu mwaka wa 1046 I.C., bishingiye ku iteka ry’Umwami w’Abami Konsitantino wa IX Monomachus.
Kubera ko Athos ari umusozi w’ibihanamanga kandi ukaba witaruye, usanga ari ahantu abashaka kugira imibereho yo kwibabaza bakunda kwibera. Mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi, wagiye ureshya abagabo b’abanyedini bo mu turere twose twiganjemo idini ry’Aborutodogisi—Abagiriki, Abaseribe, Abanyarumaniya, Abanyaburugariya, Abarusiya n’abandi—bubatse ibigo by’abihaye Imana byinshi, hamwe n’insengero zabo n’imiryango y’abayoboke babo. Izigera kuri 20 muri izo na n’ubu ziracyariho.
Umusozi wa Athos Muri Iki Gihe
Muri iki gihe, umusozi wa Athos ni akarere kigenga, itegeko nshinga ryako rikaba ryaremejwe mu mwaka wa 1926. Nyuma y’imyaka myinshi umubare w’abihaye Imana bahatuye wagiye ugabanuka, ubu warazamutse, ukaba usaga 2.000.
Buri kigo cy’abihaye Imana gifite imirima yacyo bwite, za shapeli n’amazu yo kubamo. Urusengero rukomeye cyane rw’abihaye Imana baba mu bwigunge, ruherereye mu gace ka Karoúlia, gaherereye ahantu hahanamye cyane mu mpinga y’Umusozi wa Athos. Aho ngaho, hari insisiro z’utuzu umuntu ashobora kugeraho ari uko gusa anyuze mu tuyira tw’udutsibanzira, ku madarajya y’amabuye, hamwe no ku rusobekerane rw’iminyururu. Ku musozi wa Athos, abihaye Imana baracyakurikiza umuhango wabo wa kera wo kuvuga amasengesho buri munsi, bakoresha uburyo bwo kubara amasaha bwakoreshwaga mu Bwami bwa Byzance (umunsi ukaba waratangiraga izuba rirenze), hamwe na kalendari ya Julien (iri inyuma ho iminsi 13 kuri kalendari ya Grégoire).
N’ubwo ako karere karimo ibikorwa byinshi bya kidini kavugwaho kuba gakomora “ukwera” kwako ku mugore, hashize imyaka igera ku 1.000 abihaye Imana b’aho hamwe n’abandi baba mu bwigunge baratangaje ko uwo mwigimbakirwa wose uko wakabaye utagomba kugerwamo n’ibintu byose by’igitsinagore—byaba abantu cyangwa inyamaswa—hamwe n’umugabo wese w’inkone cyangwa udafite ubwanwa. Vuba aha, itegeko rihereranye n’abagabo badafite ubwanwa hamwe n’inyamaswa zimwe na zimwe z’ingore ryaradohoye, ariko abagore baracyakumirwa cyane, ku buryo badashobora kurenga muri metero 500 z’inkombe z’umusozi wa Athos.
“Umusozi Wera” ku Bantu Bose
Mbese, umusozi wa Athos ni “umusozi wera” Abakristo batinya Imana bagomba kujya gusengeraho? Mu gihe Yesu yavuganaga n’umugore w’Umusamariyakazi watekerezaga ko Imana yagombye gusengerwa ku Musozi Gerizimu, yagaragaje neza ko nta musozi nyamusozi wari kuzongera kugenerwa kuba ahantu ho gusengera Imana. Yesu yagize ati “igihe kizaza ubwo bazaba batagisengera Data kuri uyu musozi [wa Gerizimu] cyangwa i Yerusalemu.” Kubera iki? “Imana ni [u]mwuka; n’abayisenga bakwiriye kuyisengera mu [m]wuka no mu kuri.”—Yohana 4:21, 24, ayo magambo ari mu nyuguti ziberamye ni twe twayanditse dutyo.
Umuhanuzi Yesaya yahanuye yerekeza ku gihe cyacu, avuga ko “umusozi” w’ikigereranyo “wubatsweho inzu y’Uwiteka” wari ‘kuzakomerezwa mu mpinga z’imisozi,’ kandi ‘ugashyirwa hejuru ugasumba iyindi,’ kandi mu buryo bw’ikigereranyo abantu bo mu mahanga yose bari kuzisukiranya bawujyaho.—Yesaya 2:2, 3.
Abagabo hamwe n’abagore bifuza kugirana n’Imana imishyikirano yemewe, batumirirwa gusenga Yehova mu “[m]wuka no mu kuri.” Ababarirwa muri za miriyoni hirya no hino ku isi babonye inzira ibajyana ku ‘musozi w’Uwiteka.’ Bo hamwe n’abandi, bagaragaza ibyiyumvo nk’iby’umucamanzakazi wo mu Bugiriki werekeje kuri Athos agira ati “ndashidikanya niba imimerere yo mu buryo bw’umwuka iboneka mu turere runaka tugoswe n’inkuta cyangwa mu bigo by’abihaye Imana honyine.”—Gereranya n’Ibyakozwe n’Intumwa 17:24.
[Agasanduku ko ku ipaji ya 31]
Ubutunzi bw’Agaciro Kenshi Bwahishwe Kuva Kera
Mu gihe cy’ibinyejana byinshi, abihaye Imana baba ku musozi wa Athos bagiye begeranya ubutunzi bw’agaciro kenshi, bukubiyemo inyandiko za Bibiliya zandikishijwe intoki zigera ku 15.000 ugereranyije, zimwe zikaba zivugwaho ko ari izo mu kinyejana cya kane, ibyo bikaba bituma buba bumwe mu bubiko bw’ibitabo bubitse ibitabo by’agaciro kenshi kurusha ubundi mu isi. Hari imizingo, imibumbe yuzuye hamwe n’ibice by’Amavanjiri, za zaburi n’indirimbo, hamwe n’ibishushanyo by’abanyabugeni bya kera cyane, amashusho, ibishushanyo bibajwe hamwe n’ibindi bintu bikozwe mu byuma. Bavuga ko ugereranyije Umusozi wa Athos ubitse kimwe cya kane cy’inyandiko za Kigiriki zandikishijwe intoki ziri ku isi, n’ubwo inyinshi muri zo zikeneye gushyirwa ku murongo mu buryo bukwiriye. Mu mwaka wa 1997, ku ncuro ya mbere, abihaye Imana bemeye ko bimwe mu bintu byabo by’agaciro byerekanwa i Tesalonike.
[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 31 yavuye]
Telis/Greek National Tourist Organization