Imizingo yo nyanja y’umunyu​—Kuki yagombye kugushishikaza?

Mbere y’uko havumburwa Imizingo yo ku Nyanja y’Umunyu, inyandiko zandikishije intoki zari ziriho za kera cyane kurusha izindi z’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo zari iz’ahagana mu kinyejana cya cyenda n’icya cumi I.C. Mbese koko, izo nyandiko zandikishijwe intoki zashoboraga kwishingikirizwaho ko ari Ijambo ry’Imana ryahererekanyijwe mu budahemuka, kandi Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo byari byararangije kwandikwa mu myaka isaga igihumbi mbere y’aho? Umwarimu wo muri kaminuza witwa Julio Trebolle Barrera, akaba ari umwe mu bagize ikipi mpuzamahanga y’abanditsi ku birebana n’Imizingo Yavumbuwe ku Nyanja y’Umunyu, yagize ati “Umuzingo wa Yesaya [waturutse i Qumran] utanga igihamya kidashidikanywaho cy’uko igikorwa cyo guhererekanya umwandiko wa Bibiliya mu gihe cy’imyaka isaga igihumbi binyuriye mu ntoki z’abandukuzi b’Abayahudi cyagiye gikorwa mu buryo buhuje n’ukuri kandi bwitondewe cyane.”

UMUZINGO Barrera yerekezaho, ukubiyemo igitabo cya Yesaya cyuzuye. Kugeza ubu, mu nyandiko za Bibiliya zandikishijwe intoki zisaga 200 babonye i Qumran, bagiye babona ibice by’izo nyandiko bihuje na buri gitabo cyo mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo, uretse igitabo cya Esiteri. Mu buryo bunyuranye n’uko bimeze ku Muzingo wa Yesaya, ibyinshi bigizwe n’ibice bituzuye gusa, bikubiyemo ibitageze no kuri kimwe cy’icumi cy’ibikubiye muri icyo gitabo. Ibitabo bya Bibiliya byari bikunze kuboneka i Qumran ni Zaburi (habonetse kopi 36), Gutegeka kwa Kabiri (kopi 29) na Yesaya (kopi 21). Nanone kandi, ibyo ni byo bitabo usanga amagambo yabyo yarakunze gusubirwamo kenshi mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo.

N’ubwo iyo mizingo igaragaza ko ibintu by’ibanze bikubiye muri Bibiliya bitigeze bihinduka, inahishura ko mu rugero runaka hari hariho imyandiko ya Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo itandukanye yakoreshwaga n’Abayahudi mu gihe cy’Urusengero rwa Kabiri, buri mwandiko ukagira aho utandukaniye n’undi. Si ko imizingo yose ihuza n’umwandiko w’Abamasoreti mu myandikire y’amagambo n’uko atondetswe. Imwe usanga yenda gusa n’ubuhinduzi bw’Ikigiriki bwa Septante. Mbere, intiti zatekerezaga ko itandukaniro riri muri Septante rishobora kuba ryaratewe n’amakosa y’umuhinduzi cyangwa se ibitekerezo bishya yagiye yongeramo ku bwende. None ubu iyo mizingo yahishuye ko ahenshi iryo tandukaniro mu by’ukuri ryatewe n’itandukaniro riri mu mwandiko w’Igiheburayo. Ibyo bishobora gusobanura impamvu Abakristo ba mbere bajyaga basubiramo imirongo y’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo bagakoresha amagambo atandukanye n’ayo mu mwandiko w’Abamasoreti.​—Kuva 1:5; Ibyakozwe 7:14.

Bityo, uwo mutungo w’agaciro wavumbuwe w’imizingo ya Bibiliya n’ibice byayo utanga urufatiro ruhebuje mu gusuzuma uko umwandiko wa Bibiliya y’Igiheburayo wagiye uhererekanywa. Imizingo yavumbuwe ku Nyanja y’Umunyu yemeje agaciro k’ubuhinduzi bwa Septante na Pantateki ya Gisamariya ku birebana n’igereranya ry’umurongo ku wundi. Iyo mizingo iha abahinduzi ba Bibiliya isoko y’inyongera bashobora kureberaho niba bashobora kugira ibyo banonosora ku mwandiko w’Abamasoreti. Mu buryo bwinshi, ishimangira ibyemezo byafashwe na Komite y’Ubuhinduzi bwa Bibiliya y’Isi Nshya, byo gusubiza izina rya Yehova aho ryari ryaravanywe mu mwandiko w’Abamasoreti.

Imizingo isobanura amategeko n’imyizerere y’agatsiko k’i Qumran, igaragaza neza ko mu gihe cya Yesu hatari hariho uburyo bumwe rukumbi bw’idini rya Kiyahudi. Agatsiko k’i Qumran kari gafite imigenzo itandukanye n’iy’Abafarisayo n’Abasadukayo. Birashoboka ko ibyo bari batandukaniyeho ari byo byatumye abagize ako gatsiko bahungira mu butayu. Bitekerezagaho mu buryo bwo kwibeshya ko ari bo basohorerwagaho n’ubuhanuzi bwo muri Yesaya 40:3 buvuga iby’ijwi rirangururira mu butayu rigorora inzira ya Yehova. Ibice byinshi by’imizingo byerekeza kuri Mesiya, uwo abanditsi bayo babonaga ko yari hafi kuza. Ibyo biradushishikaza mu buryo bwihariye, kubera ko Luka avuga ko ‘abantu bari bafite amatsiko’ y’ukuza kwa Mesiya.​—Luka 3:15.

Imizingo yo ku Nyanja y’Umunyu idufasha mu rugero runaka gusobanukirwa uko imibereho y’Abayahudi yari yifashe mu gihe Yesu yabwirizaga. Itanga amakuru ashobora kwifashishwa mu gusuzuma aho Igiheburayo cya kera n’umwandiko wa Bibiliya bihuriye n’aho bitaniye. Ariko kandi, umwandiko w’imizingo myinshi yo mu Mizingo yo ku Nyanja y’Umunyu uracyakeneye gusesengurwa mu buryo bunonosoye. Ku bw’ibyo, hari ubumenyi bwimbitse bushobora kuzaboneka. Ni koko, ubuvumbuzi bw’ibyo mu matongo bukomeye kurusha ubundi bwose bwo mu kinyejana cya 20, bukomeje gushishikaza intiti hamwe n’abigishwa ba Bibiliya mu gihe dukataza mu kinyejana cya 21.

[Aho amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 7 yavuye]

Gutaburura i Qumran: Pictorial Archive (Near Eastern History) Est.; inyandiko yandikishijwe intoki: Uburenganzira bwatanzwe na Shrine of the Book, Israel Museum, Jerusalem