Wagombye gushingira ku ki uhitamo hagati y’icyiza n’ikibi?

NI NDE ufite uburenganzira bwo gushyiraho amahame agenga ikibi n’icyiza? Icyo kibazo cyatangiranye n’amateka y’abantu. Dukurikije ibyanditse mu gitabo cya Bibiliya cy’Itangiriro, Imana yahisemo igiti kimwe mu byameze mu busitani bwa Edeni icyita “igiti cy’ubwenge bumenyesha icyiza n’ikibi” (Itangiriro 2:9). Imana yahaye umugabo n’umugore ba mbere itegeko ryo kutarya ku mbuto z’icyo giti. Nyamara, umwanzi w’Imana ari we Satani, yabumvishije ko nibarya kuri icyo giti amaso yabo “azahweza” maze ‘bagahindurwa nk’Imana, bakamenya icyiza n’ikibi.’—Itangiriro 2:16, 17; 3:1, 5; Ibyahishuwe 12:9.

Hari umwanzuro Adamu na Eva bagombaga gufata: mbese bari kwemera kugendera ku mahame y’Imana agenga icyiza n’ikibi, cyangwa bari kwishyiriraho ayabo bari kugenderaho (Itangiriro 3:6)? Bahisemo gusuzugura Imana no kurya kuri icyo giti. Icyo gikorwa cyoroshye bakoze cyagaragazaga iki? Kubera ko banze kubahiriza imipaka Imana yari yarabashyiriyeho, bagaragaje ko bo n’abari kuzabakomokaho bari kurushaho kumererwa neza ari uko bishyiriyeho amahame yabo agenga ikibi n’icyiza. Abantu baba barageze ku ki muri uko kugerageza kwigana Imana bishyiriraho amahame bagomba kugenderaho?

Ibitekerezo binyuranye

Nyuma yo kugenzura inyigisho z’abahanga mu bya filozofiya bazwi cyane babayeho mu binyejana bishize, hari igitabo cyavuze ko kuva mu gihe cy’umuhanga mu bya filozofiya w’Umugiriki witwa Socrate kugeza mu kinyejana cya 20, hagiye habaho “impaka nyinshi zo kumenya ibisobanuro nyabyo by’icyiza icyo ari cyo n’amahame umuntu yashingiraho avuga ko ikintu ari cyiza cyangwa ko ari kibi.”—Encyclopædia Britannica.

Urugero, abitwa Abasofisiti bari abantu bari bagize itsinda rizwi cyane ry’abarimu b’Abagiriki bo mu kinyejana cya gatanu M.I.C.a Bigishaga ko ibitekerezo bya benshi ari byo bishyiraho amahame agenga ikibi n’icyiza. Umwe muri abo barimu yagize ati “ibintu byose abantu bo mu mujyi runaka babona ko ari byiza kandi ko bikwiriye, ubwo biba ari byiza kandi bikwiriye ku bantu bo muri uwo mujyi, igihe cyose abo bantu bagikomeza gutekereza ko ibyo bintu ari byiza kandi ko bikwiriye.” Dufatiye kuri icyo gitekerezo, Jodie wavuzwe mu ngingo ibanza, yagombye kuba yaritwariye ya mafaranga kubera ko abenshi mu bantu bo mu gace k’iwabo cyangwa mu “mujyi” w’iwabo, na bo ari uko bari kubigenza.

Immanuel Kant, umuhanga mu bya filozofiya uzwi cyane wo mu kinyejana cya 18, yavuze ibitandukanye n’ibyo. Hari ikinyamakuru cyavuze ko “Immanuel Kant hamwe n’abandi nka we . . . bibandaga ku burenganzira umuntu afite bwo kwihitiramo ku giti cye” (Issues in Ethics). Dukurikije ibyo bitekerezo bya Kant, igihe cyose Jodie yari kuba atabangamiye abandi yari afite uburenganzira busesuye bwo gukora icyo ashaka. Ntiyagombaga kwemera ko ibitekerezo bya benshi byaba ari byo bigenga amahame agenderaho.

None se, ni gute Jodie yakemuye icyo kibazo cy’amahitamo yari afite? Yahisemo uburyo bwa gatatu. Yashyize mu bikorwa inyigisho za Yesu Kristo, kandi amahame mbwirizamuco Yesu yigishije ashimwa n’Abakristo hamwe n’abatari Abakristo. Yesu yarigishije ati “ibyo mushaka ko abantu babagirira byose mube ari ko mubagirira namwe” (Matayo 7:12). Jodie yahaye bya 82.000 by’amadolari wa mugore, biramutangaza cyane. Igihe uwo mugore yamubazaga impamvu atari yayajyanye, Jodie yamusobanuriye ko ari umwe mu Bahamya ba Yehova kandi yongeraho ati “aya mafaranga ntiyari ayanjye.” Jodie yafatanaga uburemere amagambo ya Yesu yanditse muri Bibiliya muri Matayo 19:18, agira ati “ntukibe.”

Mbese byaba bihwitse kugendera ku bitekerezo bya benshi?

Hari abantu bashobora kuvuga ko kuba Jodie yaranze guhemuka ari ubusazi. Icyakora ibitekerezo bya benshi si ubuyobozi bwiza bwo kwiringirwa. Urugero, iyo uza kuba warabaye ahantu abantu benshi bumva ko gutura abana ho ibitambo byemewe nk’uko mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe babitekerezaga mu bihe bya kera, ese nawe ni ko wari guhita ubona ko uwo mugenzo ukwiriye (2 Abami 16:3)? Bite se iyo uza kuba wenda waravukiye mu bantu babona ko kurya abantu nta cyo bitwaye? Ibyo se byari kuba bisobanura ko mu by’ukuri kurya abantu atari bibi? Kuba ikintu gikorwa n’abantu benshi si byo bituma kiba cyiza. Hashize imyaka myinshi cyane Bibiliya itanze umuburo kuri uwo mutego, igira iti “ntugakurikize benshi gukora ibyaha.”—Kuva 23:2.

Yesu Kristo yagaragaje ikindi kintu cyagombye gutuma umuntu agira amakenga mbere yo kwemera kuyoborwa n’ibitekerezo bya benshi mu guhitamo icyiza n’ikibi. Yagaragaje ko Satani ari “umutware w’ab’iyi si” (Yohana 14:30; Luka 4:6). Satani akoresha umwanya afite kugira ngo ayobye “abari mu isi bose” (Ibyahishuwe 12:9). Ku bw’ibyo, niba uhitamo amahame y’icyiza n’ikibi ushingiye gusa ku bitekerezo bya benshi, ushobora kuba urimo ukurikiza uko Satani abona ikiri icyiza n’ikibi, kandi biragaragara ko ibyo bizagushyira mu kaga.

Mbese ushobora gushingira ku bitekerezo byawe bwite?

None se ubwo buri muntu yagombye kwihitiramo ikiri ikibi n’ikiri icyiza? Bibiliya iravuga iti “we kwishingikiriza ku buhanga bwawe” (Imigani 3:5). Kubera iki? Ni ukubera ko abantu bose barazwe inenge ishobora kugoreka imitekerereze yabo. Igihe Adamu na Eva bigomekaga ku Mana, bahisemo kugendera ku mahame y’umugambanyi urangwa n’ubwikunde ari we Satani, kandi bahitamo ko ari we ubabera se wo mu buryo bw’umwuka. Ku bw’ibyo, baraze abari kuzabakomokaho ikintu bose bahuriyeho: umutima ushukana ufite ubushobozi bwo kumenya icyiza icyo ari cyo, ariko ukabogamira ku gukora ikibi.—Itangiriro 6:5; Abaroma 5:12; 7:21-24.

Hari igitabo kivuga ku by’amahame mbwirizamuco, kivuga ko “bisa n’aho bidatangaje kuba abantu bashobora kuba bazi icyo bagombye gukora bahuje n’amahame mbwirizamuco, ariko ukabona bakoze ibihuje n’inyungu zabo bwite. Kubonera abantu impamvu zatuma bakora icyiza byabaye ikibazo kigoranye mu mahame mbwirizamuco yo mu bihugu by’u Burayi na Amerika” (Encyclopædia Britannica). Bibiliya yabivuze neza igira iti “umutima w’umuntu urusha ibintu byose gushukana, kandi ufite indwara ntiwizere gukira. Ni nde ushobora kuwumenya uko uri?” (Yeremiya 17:9). Wowe se wakwiringira umuntu uzwiho kuba ashukana kandi akaba ari mubi cyane?

Tuzi neza ko n’abantu batemera Imana bafite ubushobozi bwo kwitwara neza mu buryo buhuje n’amahame mbwirizamuco, no kwishyiriraho amahame y’ingirakamaro kandi yiyubashye agenga icyiza n’ikibi. Incuro nyinshi ariko, amahame yo mu rwego rwo hejuru akubiye muri ayo mahame bagenderaho, usanga asa n’ayo muri Bibiliya. N’ubwo abantu nk’abo bashobora guhakana ko Imana ibaho, ibitekerezo byabo bigaragaza ko bafite ubushobozi bavukanye bwo kugaragaza kamere y’Imana. Ibyo bigaragaza ko, nk’uko Bibiliya ibihishura, abantu bose baremwe mu “ishusho y’Imana” (Itangiriro 1:27; Ibyakozwe 17:26-28). Intumwa Pawulo yavuze ko ‘bagaragaza ko umurimo utegetswe n’amategeko wanditswe mu mitima yabo.’—Abaroma 2:15.

Birumvikana ko kumenya icyiza bidahagije; ni ngombwa nanone kugira imbaraga zo kugikora ushingiye ku mahame mbwirizamuco. Ni gute umuntu ashobora kugira imbaraga zikenewe zo gukora ikintu ashingiye ku mahame mbwirizamuco? Kubera ko ibyo umuntu akora biba bivuye mu mutima, kwitoza gukunda Umwanditsi wa Bibiliya ari we Yehova Imana bishobora gufasha umuntu kugira izo mbaraga.—Zaburi 25:4, 5.

Uko umuntu yabona imbaraga zo gukora icyiza

Intambwe ya mbere twatera twiga gukunda Imana ni ukumenya ko amahame yayo ashyize mu gaciro kandi ko ari ingirakamaro. Intumwa Yohana yavuze ko ‘gukunda Imana ari uku: ari uko twitondera amategeko yayo kandi amategeko yayo atarushya’ (1 Yohana 5:3). Urugero, Bibiliya ikubiyemo inama z’ingirakamaro zishobora gufasha abakiri bato gutandukanya ikibi n’icyiza mu gihe bafata umwanzuro wo kumenya niba bagomba kunywa ibinyobwa bisindisha, gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge cyangwa kugira imibonano mpuzabitsina mbere yo gushyingirwa. Bibiliya ishobora gufasha abashakanye kumenya uko bakemura ibyo batumvikanaho, kandi ishobora guha ababyeyi amabwiriza ajyanye no kurera abana.b Abakiri bato hamwe n’abakuru barungukirwa iyo bashyize mu bikorwa amahame mbwirizamuco yo muri Bibiliya, imiryango baba barakuriyemo, amashuri baba barize cyangwa se umuco baba barakuriyemo uwo ari wo wose, ntibibabuza kungukirwa.

Kimwe n’uko kurya ibyokurya birimo intungamubiri bituma ugira imbaraga zo gukora, gusoma Ijambo ry’Imana bizaguha imbaraga zo kubaho ugendera ku mahame y’Imana. Yesu yagereranyije amagambo y’Imana n’umutsima utanga ubuzima (Matayo 4:4). Nanone yagize ati “ibyokurya byanjye ni ugukora ibyo uwantumye ashaka” (Yohana 4:34). Kwigaburira ifunguro ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka rivuye mu Ijambo ry’Imana byatumye Yesu abona imbaraga zo kunanira ibishuko no gufata imyanzuro ihuje n’ubwenge.—Luka 4:1-13.

Mu mizo ya mbere ushobora kubona bigoranye kwigaburira ifunguro ryo mu buryo bw’umwuka riva mu Ijambo ry’Imana no kugendera ku mahame yayo. Ariko ujye wibuka ko igihe wari ukiri muto ushobora kuba utararyoherwaga n’ibyokurya byari bigufitiye akamaro. Kugira ngo ukure ukomere, byagusabye kwitoza gukunda ibyo byokurya byuzuye intungamubiri. Mu buryo nk’ubwo, bishobora gufata igihe kugira ngo utangire gukunda amahame y’Imana. Ariko nukomeza kwihangana, uzagera ubwo uyakunda kandi ukomere mu buryo bw’umwuka (Zaburi 34:9; 2 Timoteyo 3:15-17). Uzitoza kwiringira Yehova kandi bizatuma ‘ukora ibyiza.’—Zaburi 37:3.

Ushobora wenda kutazigera na rimwe ugera mu mimerere nk’iyo Jodie yahuye na yo. Ariko kandi, buri munsi ufata imyanzuro ushingiye ku mahame mbwirizamuco, yaba imyanzuro yoroshye cyangwa ikomeye. Ku bw’ibyo, Bibiliya iragutera inkunga igira iti “wiringire Uwiteka n’umutima wawe wose, we kwishingikiriza ku buhanga bwawe. Uhore umwemera mu migendere yawe yose, na we azajya akuyobora inzira unyuramo” (Imigani 3:5, 6). Kwitoza kwiringira Yehova ntibizaguhesha imigisha muri iki gihe gusa, ahubwo bizaguhesha n’uburyo bwo kuzabaho iteka, kubera ko inzira yo kubaha Yehova Imana iganisha ku buzima.—Matayo 7:13, 14.

[Ibisobanuro ahagana hasi ku ipaji]

[Amagambo yatsindagirijwe yo ku ipaji ya 6]

Imbaraga zitagaragara zishobora kugira ingaruka ku bitekerezo bya benshi

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 5]

Kuva kera kugeza ubu, abahanga mu bya filozofiya bagiye bajya impaka ku kibazo cyo kumenya ikibi n’icyiza

SOCRATE

KANT

CONFUCIUS

[Aho amafoto yavuye]

Kant: ifoto yakuwe mu gitabo cyitwa The Historian’s History of the World; Socrate: ifoto yakuwe mu gitabo cyitwa A General History for Colleges and High Schools; Confucius: Sung Kyun Kwan University, Seoul, Korea

[Amafoto yo ku ipaji ya 7]

Bibiliya ntidufasha gusa kumenya gutandukanya icyiza n’ikibi, ahubwo idushishikariza gukora ibyiza