Ese izina Yehova ryagombye kugaragara mu Isezerano Rishya?

ESE birakwiriye ko izina ry’Imana rigaragara muri Bibiliya? Birumvikana ko Imana yo ibona ko bikwiriye. Izina ryayo ryanditswe mu nyuguti enye z’Igiheburayo bita Tetaragaramu, riboneka incuro hafi 7.000 mu mwandiko w’Igiheburayo w’umwimerere, bakunze kwita Isezerano rya Kera.a

Abahanga mu bya Bibiliya bemera ko izina bwite ry’Imana riboneka mu Isezerano rya Kera cyangwa Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo. Icyakora, hari abantu benshi batekereza ko iryo zina ritabonekaga mu myandiko y’umwimerere y’Ikigiriki yandikishijwe intoki, imyandiko bakunze kwita Isezerano Rishya.

None se bigenda bite iyo umwanditsi w’Isezerano Rishya asubiyemo amagambo avanye mu Isezerano rya Kera, kandi ayo magambo arimo Tetaragaramu? Icyo gihe abahinduzi benshi bakoresha ijambo “Umwami,” aho gukoresha izina bwite ry’Imana. Ariko kandi, Bibiliya yitwa Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bw’Ibyanditswe Byera yo si ko ibigenza. Iyo Bibiliya ikoresha izina Yehova incuro 237 mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo, cyangwa Isezerano Rishya.

Ni ibihe bibazo abahinduzi ba Bibiliya bahura na byo iyo bareba niba bashyira izina ry’Imana mu Isezerano Rishya? Ni iki bashingiraho bashyira izina ry’Imana muri icyo gice cy’Ibyanditswe Byera? Kandi se kuba izina ry’Imana rikoreshwa muri Bibiliya bikumariye iki?

Ikibazo cy’ubuhinduzi

Imyandiko y’Isezerano Rishya dufite muri iki gihe yandikishijwe intoki, si umwimerere. Imyandiko y’umwimerere yandikishijwe intoki yanditswe na Matayo, Yohana, Pawulo n’abandi. Iyo myandiko yarakoreshwaga cyane ku buryo nta washidikanya ko yahise isaza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu barayandukuraga, iyo bandukuye yasaza, bakongera bakayandukura. Muri iki gihe hari kopi z’Isezerano Rishya zibarirwa mu bihumbi. Inyinshi muri zo zanditswe hashize imyaka nibura 200 iz’umwimerere zanditswe. Biragaragara ko icyo gihe abandukuraga iyo myandiko basimbuzaga Tetaragaramu amagambo Kuʹri·os cyangwa Kyʹri·os, ayo akaba ari amagambo y’Ikigiriki ahindurwamo “Umwami.” Biranashoboka ko bandukuraga imyandiko yarangije gukurwamo Tetaragaramu igasimbuzwa ayo magambo.b

Kubera ko umuhinduzi aba azi ibyo bintu, aba agomba kureba niba hari ikimenyetso gifatika kigaragaza ko Tetaragaramu yabonekaga mu myandiko y’umwimerere y’Ikigiriki yandikishijwe intoki. Ese ikimenyetso nk’icyo gishobora kuboneka? Reka dusuzume ibitekerezo bikurikira:

• Iyo Yesu yabaga asubiramo amagambo yo mu Isezerano rya Kera cyangwa ayasoma, yakoreshaga izina ry’Imana (Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 6:13, 16; 8:3; Zaburi 110:1; Yesaya 61:1, 2; Matayo 4:4, 7, 10; 22:44; Luka 4:16-21). Mu gihe cya Yesu n’abigishwa be, Tetaragaramu yabonekaga muri kopi z’umwandiko w’Igiheburayo bitaga Isezerano rya Kera, nk’uko bimeze no muri iki gihe. Icyakora, abahanga bamaze ibinyejana byinshi batekereza ko Tetaragaramu itabonekaga mu myandiko yandikishijwe intoki y’ubuhinduzi bw’Ikigiriki bw’Isezerano rya Kera bwitwa Septante, no mu myandiko yandikishijwe intoki y’Isezerano Rishya. Ariko mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati, hari ikintu gitangaje abahanga babonye. Bavumbuye ibice bya kera cyane by’umwandiko w’Ikigiriki wa Bibiliya yitwa Septante wakoreshwaga mu gihe cya Yesu. Ibyo bice bibonekamo izina bwite ry’Imana, ryanditswe mu nyuguti enye z’Igiheburayo.

• Yesu yakoreshaga izina ry’Imana kandi akarimenyesha abandi (Yohana 17:6, 11, 12, 26). Yesu yaravuze ati “naje mu izina rya Data.” Yemeje kandi ko imirimo yakoraga yayikoraga ‘mu izina rya Se.’ Koko rero, izina rya Yesu risobanurwa ngo “Yehova ni agakiza.”—Yohana 5:43; 10:25.

• Izina ry’Imana rigaragara mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki ryanditswe mu buryo buhinnye. Mu Byahishuwe 19:1, 3, 4, 6 (Bibiliya Yera), izina ry’Imana riboneka mu ijambo “Haleluya.” Iryo jambo rifashwe uko ryakabaye risobanurwa ngo “nimusingize Ya!” “Ya” ni impine y’izina Yehova.

• Inyandiko za kera z’Abayahudi zigaragaza ko Abakristo b’Abayahudi bakoreshaga izina ry’Imana mu nyandiko zabo. Hari urutonde rw’amategeko atari yanditse yarangije gukusanywa mu mwaka wa 300 (Tosefta), rwavuze ibirebana n’inyandiko za gikristo zatwikwaga ku Isabato rugira ruti “ntibabura gutwika ibitabo by’ababwirizabutumwa hamwe n’ibitabo bya ba minim [bashobora kuba bari Abakristo b’Abayahudi]. Ariko bemererwa kubitwika aho biri hose, . . . kandi bakabitwikana n’Izina ry’Imana ryanditsemo.” Nanone urwo rutonde rwasubiyemo amagambo yavuzwe na Rabbi Yosé w’Umunyagalilaya wabayeho mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya kabiri, ruvuga ko ku yindi minsi y’icyumweru “umuntu yakataga [mu nyandiko za gikristo] agace kanditseho Izina ry’Imana akakabika, ibice bisigaye akabitwika.” Bityo rero, hari ikimenyetso gikomeye kigaragaza ko Abayahudi babayeho mu kinyejana cya kabiri bemeraga ko Abakristo bakoreshaga izina rya Yehova mu nyandiko zabo.

Uko abahinduzi bakemuye icyo kibazo

Ese abahinduye Bibiliya yitwa Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya ni bo bonyine bashubije izina ry’Imana aho ryari riri igihe bahinduraga Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki? Oya. Abahinduzi ba Bibiliya benshi bashingiye ku mpamvu tumaze kubona, basanze bikwiriye ko mu gihe bahindura Isezerano Rishya basubiza izina ry’Imana aho ryahoze.

Urugero, Bibiliya nyinshi zanditswe mu ndimi zo muri Afurika, muri Amerika, muri Aziya no mu birwa bya Pasifika zakoresheje izina ry’Imana mu Isezerano Rishya incuro nyinshi. (Reba imbonerahamwe iri ku ipaji ya 21.) Zimwe muri izo Bibiliya zasohotse vuba aha. Muri zo twavuga nka Bibiliya yo mu rurimi rwa Rotumani (1999), ikoresha izina Jihova incuro 51 mu mirongo 48 yo mu Isezerano Rishya. Nanone, Bibiliya yo mu rurimi rwo muri Indoneziya rwitwa Batak-Toba (1989), ikoresha izina Jahowa incuro 110 mu Isezerano Rishya. Izina ry’Imana riboneka no muri za Bibiliya zahinduwe mu Gifaransa, mu Kidage no mu Cyesipanyoli. Urugero, uwitwa Pablo Besson yahinduye Isezerano Rishya mu Cyesipanyoli mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 20.Bibiliya Pablo Besson yahinduye, ikoresha izina Jehová muri Yuda 14 kandi irimo ibisobanuro bigera hafi ku 100 biri ahagana hasi ku ipaji bigaragaza aho izina ry’Imana ryagombaga gukoreshwa.

Dore ingero za Bibiliya zahinduwe mu Cyongereza zakoresheje izina ry’Imana mu Isezerano Rishya:

• A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, yahinduwe na Herman Heinfetter (1863)

• The Emphatic Diaglott, yahinduwe na Benjamin Wilson (1864)

• The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, yahinduwe na George Barker Stevens (1898)

• St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, yahinduwe na W. G. Rutherford (1900)

• The Christian’s Bible—New Testament, yahinduwe na George N. LeFevre (1928)

• The New Testament Letters, yahinduwe na J.W.C. Wand, Musenyeri wa Londres (1946)

Vuba aha, Bibiliya yitwa New Living Translation yasohotse mu mwaka wa 2004, mu ijambo ry’ibanze ryayo munsi y’agatwe kavuga ngo “Uko amazina y’Imana yahinduwe” igira iti “muri rusange tetaragaramu (YHWH) buri gihe yagiye ihindurwamo ‘UMWAMI,’ yanditswe mu nyuguti nto z’icyapa zikunze kuboneka muri Bibiliya z’Icyongereza. Ibyo biritandukanya n’izina ʹadonai, rihindurwamo ‘Umwami.’” Nanone, iryo jambo ry’Ibanze ryavuze ibirebana n’Isezerano Rishya rigira iti ‘ijambo ry’Ikigiriki kurios buri gihe rihindurwamo “Umwami,” uretse ko rihindurwamo “UMWAMI” aho umwandiko w’Isezerano Rishya usubiramo amagambo yavanywe mu Isezerano rya Kera. Muri uwo mwandiko iryo jambo ryanditswe mu nyuguti nto z’icyapa.’ Ku bw’ibyo, abahinduzi b’iyo Bibiliya bemera ko Tetaragaramu (YHWH) yagombye kugaragara muri ayo magambo aba yasubiwemo mu Isezerano Rishya.

Igishishikaje ni uko mu nkoranyamagambo imwe isobanura amagambo yo muri Bibiliya, munsi y’agatwe kavuga ngo “Tetaragaramu mu Isezerano Rishya” yagize iti “hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko Tetaragaramu cyangwa izina ry’Imana ari ryo Yahweh, riboneka mu magambo amwe n’amwe cyangwa mu magambo yose yavanywe mu Isezerano rya Kera agashyirwa mu Isezerano Rishya, igihe inyandiko zirigize zandikwaga bwa mbere” (The Anchor Bible Dictionary). Umuhanga witwa George Howard yaravuze ati “kubera ko Tetaragaramu yari icyanditse muri kopi za Bibiliya y’Ikigiriki [Septante] ari byo Byanditswe byakoreshwaga muri Kiliziya ya mbere, birakwiriye kwemera ko iyo abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya basubiragamo amagambo yo mu Byanditswe barekeraga iyo Tetaragaramu muri uwo mwandiko wa Bibiliya.”

Impamvu ebyiri zumvikana

Biragaragara ko Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya atari yo Bibiliya ya mbere irimo izina ry’Imana mu Isezerano Rishya. Kimwe n’umucamanza uba yasabwe guca urubanza kandi nta bagabo babonye uko ibintu byagenze bahari, abahinduye Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya basuzumye ibyo bimenyetso bifatika byose bitonze. Bashingiye ku bimenyetso bifatika, bafashe umwanzuro wo gushyira izina rya Yehova muri Bibiliya bahinduye y’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo. Zirikana impamvu ebyiri zumvikana zatumye babigenza batyo.

(1) Abo bahinduzi bemeraga ko izina rya Yehova ritari gupfa kubura mu mwandiko w’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo, kubera ko na byo ari Ibyanditswe byahumetswe byiyongera ku Byanditswe byera bya Giheburayo.

Kuki uwo mwanzuro ushyize mu gaciro? Ahagana mu kinyejana cya mbere rwagati, umwigishwa Yakobo yabwiye abakuru b’i Yerusalemu ati “Simeyoni yadutekerereje mu buryo burambuye ukuntu ku ncuro ya mbere Imana yitaye ku banyamahanga, kugira ngo ibakuremo ubwoko bwitirirwa izina ryayo” (Ibyakozwe 15:14). Ese Yakobo yari kuvuga ayo magambo niba mu kinyejana cya mbere nta muntu n’umwe wari uzi izina ry’Imana cyangwa warikoreshaga?

(2) Igihe havumburwaga kopi za Bibiliya yitwa Septante yakoreshejwemo izina ry’lmana aho kuba Kyʹri·os (Umwami), abo bahinduzi biboneye ko mu gihe cya Yesu kopi za kera z’Ibyanditswe zaba izari zanditse mu Kigiriki ndetse n’izari zanditse mu Giheburayo, zari zirimo izina ry’Imana.

Biragaragara ko ako kamenyero gasuzuguza Imana ko kuvana izina ryayo mu myandiko y’Ikigiriki yandikishijwe intoki katangiye nyuma ya Yesu. Wowe ubitekerezaho iki? Ese Yesu n’intumwa ze bari babishyigikiye?—Matayo 15:6-9.

Jya “wambaza izina rya Yehova”

Ibyanditswe ubwabyo bitanga umwanzuro udashidikanywaho bivuga ko Abakristo ba mbere bakoreshaga izina rya Yehova mu nyandiko zabo, cyane cyane iyo babaga basubiramo imirongo yo mu Isezerano rya Kera ibonekamo iryo zina. Birumvikana rero ko abahinduye Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’isi nshya bari bafite impamvu zumvikana zatumye basubiza izina ry’Imana ari ryo Yehova mu mwanya waryo, mu Byanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo.

Kuba umenye ibyo bikumariye iki? Igihe intumwa Pawulo yasubiragamo amagambo yo mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo, yibukije Abakristo b’i Roma ko “umuntu wese wambaza izina rya Yehova azakizwa.” Hanyuma yarabajije ati “ariko se, bazambaza bate uwo batizeye? Kandi se bazizera bate uwo batigeze bumva?” (Abaroma 10:13, 14; Yoweli 3:5). Kuba hari Bibiliya zikoreshwamo izina ry’Imana mu buryo bukwiriye bigufasha kuyegera (Yakobo 4:8). Koko rero, dufite umugisha wo kuba tuzi izina bwite ry’Imana ari ryo Yehova, kandi tukaba dushobora kurikoresha tuyambaza.