Inzitizi zituma abantu batamenya icyo izina ry’Imana risobanura

HARI umuntu ushaka kukubuza kumenya izina ry’Imana, bityo agatuma utagirana na yo imishyikirano ya bugufi. Uwo mugizi wa nabi ni nde? Bibiliya imugaragaza igira iti “ari bo batizera, abo imana y’iyi si yahumye ubwenge.” Satani, ni we mana y’iyi si yateye Yehova umugongo. Ashaka ko ukomeza kuba mu mwijima, kugira ngo umutima wawe utamurikirwa “n’ubumenyi bw’ikuzo ku byerekeye Imana.” Satani ntashaka ko umenya icyo izina rya Yehova risobanura. Ariko se, ni gute Satani ahuma ubwenge bw’abantu?—2 Abakorinto 4:4-6.

Satani yakoresheje idini ry’ikinyoma, kugira ngo atume abantu batamenya icyo izina ry’Imana risobanura. Urugero, mu bihe bya kera hari Abayahudi bahisemo kwirengagiza Ibyanditswe byahumetswe, babisimbuza umugenzo wasabaga abantu kudakoresha izina ry’Imana. Uko bigaragara, Abayahudi basomeraga Ibyanditswe mu masinagogi babayeho mu binyejana runaka nyuma ya Yesu, bari barategetswe kudasoma izina ry’Imana nk’uko ryagaragaraga mu Byanditswe byera bari bafite, ahubwo bakajya barisimbuza ʼAdho·naiʹ, risobanura “Umwami.” Nta gushidikanya ko uwo mugenzo watumye abantu barushaho gutandukana n’Imana. Uwo mugenzo watumye abantu benshi bavutswa imigisha bari kubona, iyo baza kugirana n’Imana imishyikirano ya bugufi. Bite se ku bihereranye na Yesu? Yabonaga ate izina ry’Imana?

Yesu n’abigishwa be bamenyekanishije izina ry’Imana

Yesu yasenze Se agira ati “nabamenyesheje izina ryawe kandi nzaribamenyesha” (Yohana 17:26). Nta gushidikanya ko Yesu yajyaga avuga izina ry’Imana, urugero nk’igihe yabaga asoma imirongo yo mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo ibonekamo iryo zina, avuga ibiyikubiyemo cyangwa ayisobanura. Bityo rero, Yesu yakoreshaga izina ry’Imana nta cyo yishisha, nk’uko abahanuzi bamubanjirije babigenzaga. Nta gushidikanya ko Yesu atigeze yigana umugenzo Abayahudi bo mu gihe cye bari bafite, wo kudakoresha izina ry’Imana. Yamaganye abayobozi b’amadini nta kujenjeka, agira ati “ijambo ry’Imana mwarihinduye ubusa bitewe n’imigenzo yanyu.”—Matayo 15:6.

Yesu yatanze urugero rwiza amenyekanisha izina ry’Imana

Abigishwa ba Yesu b’indahemuka bakomeje kumenyekanisha izina ry’Imana, na nyuma yuko apfuye akanazuka. (Reba agasanduku gafite umutwe uvuga ngo “Ese Abakristo ba mbere bakoreshaga izina ry’Imana?”) Igihe itorero rya gikristo ryavukaga kuri Pentekote yo mu mwaka wa 33, intumwa Petero yavuze amagambo aboneka mu buhanuzi bwa Yoweli, igihe yabwiraga imbaga y’Abayahudi ndetse n’abandi bantu bari barahindukiriye idini ryabo, agira ati “umuntu wese wambaza izina rya Yehova azakizwa” (Ibyakozwe 2:21; Yoweli 3:5). Abakristo ba mbere bafashije abantu bo mu mahanga yose kumenya icyo izina ry’Imana risobanura. Iyo ni yo mpamvu igihe intumwa n’abakuru b’i Yerusalemu bari bateranye, umwigishwa Yakobo yavuze ati “Imana yitaye ku banyamahanga, kugira ngo ibakuremo ubwoko bwitirirwa izina ryayo.”—Ibyakozwe 15:14.

Nyamara, umwanzi w’izina ry’Imana ntiyigeze acogora. Igihe intumwa zari zimaze gupfa, Satani yahise atangira guteza ubuhakanyi (Matayo 13:38, 39; 2 Petero 2:1). Urugero, Justin Martyr umwanditsi uzwi cyane wiyitaga Umukristo, akaba yaravutse mu gihe Yohana wari intumwa ya nyuma yari amaze gupfa, yakunze kugaragaza mu nyandiko ze, ko Uwaduhaye byose ari “Imana itagira izina bwite.”

Igihe Abakristo b’abahakanyi bakoraga kopi z’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo, bakuyemo izina ry’Imana, maze barisimbuza ijambo ry’Ikigiriki Kyʹri·os, risobanura “Umwami.” Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo na byo, ntibabirebeye izuba. Kubera ko Abayahudi b’abahakanyi bari bararetse gusoma izina ry’Imana mu ijwi riranguruye, barivanye mu Byanditswe, maze barisimbuza ʼAdho·naiʹ incuro zirenga 130. Bibiliya izwi cyane yitwa Vulgate yo mu rurimi rw’Ikilatini, yahinduwe na Jerome mu mwaka wa 405, na yo yavanywemo izina bwite ry’Imana.

Bagerageza kuzimangatanya izina ry’Imana muri iki gihe

Muri iki gihe, abahanga bazi neza ko izina bwite ry’Imana, ari ryo Yehova, riboneka muri Bibiliya incuro zigera ku 7.000. Ku bw’ibyo rero, Bibiliya zimwe zikoreshwa cyane, urugero nka Bibiliya yahinduwe n’Abagatolika yitwa Bible de Jérusalem, iyo bahinduye yitwa La Biblia Latinoamérica yo mu Cyesipanyoli n’indi izwi cyane yitwa Reina-Valera na yo yo mu Cyesipanyoli, zose zikoresha izina bwite ry’Imana. Bibiliya zimwe na zimwe zihindura iryo zina ngo “Yahweh.”

Ikibabaje, ni uko amadini menshi atanga amafaranga yo guhindura za Bibiliya, ahatira abahinduzi ba Bibiliya kuvanamo izina ry’Imana. Urugero, mu ibaruwa yo kuwa 29 Kamena 2008 Vatikani yandikiye abahagarariye inama z’abasenyeri b’Abagatolika, yaravuze iti “mu myaka ya vuba aha, abantu batangiye kugira akamenyero ko kuvuga izina bwite ry’Imana ya Isirayeli.” Iyo baruwa yatanze amabwiriza adaca ku ruhande, agira ati “izina ry’Imana . . . ntirigomba gukoreshwa, cyangwa kuvugwa.” Nanone kandi, iyo baruwa yongeyeho ko “abahindura umwandiko wa Bibiliya mu ndimi zo muri iki gihe, . . . bagomba kuvanamo za nyuguti enye zigaragaza izina ry’Imana, bakazisimbuza ijambo Adonai/Kyrios risobanura ‘Umwami.’” Biragaragara ko ayo mabwiriza ya Vatikani agamije kuzimangatanya burundu izina ry’Imana.

Abaporotesitanti na bo batesheje agaciro izina ry’Imana ari ryo Yehova. Uhagarariye abahinduye Bibiliya yitwa New International Version yasohotse mu mwaka wa 1978 mu Cyongereza, ikaba yaratewe inkunga n’Abaporotesitanti, yaranditse ati “Yehova ni izina bwite ry’Imana, kandi birumvikana ko twagombye kuba twararikoresheje. Ariko uzirikane ko twashoye miriyoni ebyiri n’ibihumbi magana abiri na mirongo itanu by’amadorari kugira ngo ihindurwe, kandi icyo tuzi cyo ni uko twari guhomba ayo mafaranga yose, iyo tuza guhindura nka Zaburi ya 23 ngo ‘Yahweh ni umwungeri wanjye.’”

Uretse n’ibyo, amadini yatumye abaturage bo muri Amerika y’Epfo batamenya izina ry’Imana n’icyo risobanura. Steven Voth, akaba ari impuguke mu by’ubuhinduzi ikora mu ihuriro ry’imiryango ya Bibiliya (UBS) muri Arijantina, yaranditse ati “kimwe mu bintu amadini y’Abaporotesitanti yo muri Amerika y’Epfo adahwema kujyaho impaka, ni ugukoresha izina ry’Imana Jehová . . . Birashishikaje kuba umubare munini kandi udasiba kwiyongera w’Abanewopentekote, . . . waravuze ko washakaga Bibiliya ya Reina-Valera yo mu mwaka wa 1960, ariko itarimo izina Jehová. Bashakaga ko barisimbuza ijambo Señor [bisobanura Umwami].” Dukurikije ibyo Voth yavuze, iryo huriro (UBS) ryabanje kwanga icyo cyifuzo, ariko riza kuva ku izima, maze risohora Bibiliya ya Reina-Valera “itarimo ijambo Jehová.”

Gukura izina ry’Imana mu Byanditswe bakarisimbuza “Umwami,” bituma mu by’ukuri abasomyi babyo batamenya Imana neza. Ayo mazina barisimbuza atera urujijo. Umusomyi ashobora kutamenya neza niba ijambo “Umwami” ryerekeza kuri Yehova, cyangwa ku mwana we Yesu. Urugero rubigaragaza, ni urw’umurongo wo muri Bibiliya aho intumwa Petero yerekeje kuri Dawidi agira ati “Yehova yabwiye Umwami wanjye ati ‘icara iburyo bwanjye.’” Bibiliya nyinshi zawuhinduyemo ngo “Umwami yabwiye Umwami wanjye” (Ibyakozwe 2:34, NIV). Nanone kandi, mu nyandiko David Clines yanditse ifite umutwe uvuga ngo “Yahweh n’Imana y’Abakristo,” yaranditse ati “kuba Abakristo badakoresha izina ry’Imana, byatumye bibanda cyane kuri Kristo.” Bityo rero, abayoboke benshi b’amadini ntibazi ko Yesu yasengaga Imana y’ukuri yitwa Yehova.

Satani akora uko ashoboye kose, kugira ngo ahume ubwenge bw’abantu bityo ntibamenye Imana. Icyakora nubwo bimeze bityo, ushobora kumenya Yehova, kandi mukagirana ubucuti.

Ushobora kumenya icyo izina ry’Imana risobanura

Nta gushidikanya ko Satani yifashishije idini ry’ikinyoma abigiranye amayeri, kugira ngo arwanye izina ry’Imana. Icyakora, icyo dukwiriye kuzirikana ni uko nta kintu na kimwe, yaba ari cyo mu ijuru cyangwa mu isi, gishobora kubuza Umutegetsi w’ikirenga kumenyesha izina rye abifuza kumumenya neza, bakifuza no kumenya umugambi uhebuje afitiye abantu b’indahemuka.

Abahamya ba Yehova bazishimira kugufasha kwiga Bibiliya, kugira ngo umenye uko wakwegera Imana. Bakurikiza urugero rwa Yesu, wabwiye Imana ati “nabamenyesheje izina ryawe” (Yohana 17:26). Igihe uzaba usuzuma imirongo y’Ibyanditswe igaragaza inshingano zitandukanye Yehova yashohoje ku bw’inyungu z’abantu, uzarushaho kumenya imico ye ihebuje.

Umukurambere w’indahemuka Yobu yari “incuti” y’Imana, kandi nawe ushobora kuba yo (Yobu 29:4, Bibiliya Ijambo ry’Imana). Kumenya Ijambo ry’Imana bishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa icyo izina rya Yehova risobanura. Ubwo bumenyi buzatuma wizera ko Yehova azakora ibihuje n’izina rye, risobanurwa ko ‘azaba icyo azashaka kuba cyo cyose’ (Kuva 3:14, NW). Bityo, azasohoza mu buryo bwuzuye ibyiza byose yasezeranyije abantu.

Ese Abakristo ba mbere bakoreshaga izina ry’Imana?

Mu gihe cy’intumwa za Yesu mu kinyejana cya mbere, amatorero ya gikristo yari yarashinzwe mu bihugu byinshi. Abari bagize ayo matorero bateraniraga hamwe buri gihe, kugira ngo bige Ibyanditswe. Ese abo Bakristo ba mbere baba barasomaga izina ry’Imana Yehova, muri kopi z’Ibyanditswe bari bafite?

Kubera ko Ikigiriki cyari cyarahindutse ururimi mpuzamahanga, amatorero menshi yakoreshaga Bibiliya ya Septante, ikaba yari ubuhinduzi bw’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo bwarangije kwandikwa mu kinyejana cya kabiri Mbere ya Yesu. Hari abahanga bihandagaje bavuga ko kuva bagitangira guhindura iyo Bibiliya ya Septante, bagiye bavanamo izina ry’Imana, bakarisimbuza ijambo ry’Ikigiriki Kyʹri·os, risobanura “Umwami.” Ariko kandi, hari ibimenyetso bigaragaza ko ibyo atari ukuri.

Ibice bigaragara aha, ni ibya Bibiliya ya Septante yo mu rurimi rw’Ikigiriki, akaba ari ibyo mu kinyejana cya mbere, Mbere ya Yesu. Ibyo bice birerekana neza izina rya Yehova muri uwo mwandiko w’Ikigiriki, ryanditse mu nyuguti enye z’Igiheburayo יהוה (YHWH). Umwarimu wigisha muri kaminuza witwa George Howard, yaranditse ati “dufite kopi eshatu zitandukanye za Bibiliya y’Ikigiriki ya Septante zo mu gihe cya mbere y’Ubukristo, kandi nta na hamwe inyuguti enye zigaragaza izina ry’Imana, zisimbuzwa Kyʹri·os, cyangwa ngo zinahindurwe rwose. Ubu noneho dushobora kwemeza ko Abayahudi bari bafite akamenyero ko kwandika izina ry’Imana . . . mu mwandiko w’Ibyanditswe bya kigiriki, haba mu gihe cy’Ubukristo, mbere yaho cyangwa nyuma yaho.”—Biblical Archaeology Review.

Ese intumwa za Yesu n’abigishwa be baba barakoreshaga izina ry’Imana mu nyandiko zabo zahumetswe? Porofeseri Howard yaravuze ati “kubera ko itorero rya gikristo ryakoreshaga Bibiliya ya Septante yabonekagamo izina ry’Imana mu Giheburayo, nta gushidikanya ko abanditsi b’Isezerano Rishya na bo bashyiraga iryo zina mu nyandiko zabo, mu gihe babaga bandukura imirongo yo mu Byanditswe bya Giheburayo irimo iryo zina.”

Bityo rero, dushobora gufata umwanzuro w’uko abakristo ba mbere basomaga izina ry’Imana, haba mu buhinduzi bw’Ibyanditswe bya Giheburayo bari bafite, cyangwa muri kopi zabo z’Ibyanditswe bya Kigiriki bya Gikristo.