Ese wari ubizi?
Irembo ry’umudugudu rivugwa kenshi muri Bibiliya ryari riteye rite?
▪ Mu bihe bya Bibiliya, imidugudu myinshi yabaga ikikijwe n’inkuta. Amenshi mu marembo yayo, yabaga afite imbuga imbere mu mudugudu, aho abantu bahuriraga, bakahacururiza kandi bakabwirana amakuru. Aho ni na ho hatangirwaga amatangazo, n’abahanuzi bakahahanurira (Yeremiya 17:19, 20). Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “ibikorwa byo guhahirana hafi ya byose, byaberaga mu marembo y’umudugudu cyangwa hafi yawo” (The Land and the Book). Muri Isirayeli ya kera, amarembo y’imidugudu yari nk’uduce duhuriramo abantu benshi two mu migi myinshi yo muri iki gihe.
Urugero, Aburahamu yaguze isambu yo guhambamo yari iya Efuroni “imbere y’Abaheti, imbere y’abinjiraga mu irembo ry’umudugudu wabo bose” (Itangiriro 23:7-18). Bowazi na we yasabye abantu icumi bo mu bakuru b’i Betelehemu, kuza kwicara ku irembo ry’umudugudu, kugira ngo akemure ikibazo cya Rusi n’icya gakondo y’umugabo we wari warapfuye, mu buryo buhuje n’itegeko ryagengaga umuhango wo gucikura (Rusi 4:1, 2). Iyo abagabo bakuze bo mu mudugudu babaga baca imanza, bicaraga ku irembo ry’umudugudu bakumva ababurana, bagaca imanza kandi bakazirangiza.—Gutegeka kwa Kabiri 21:19.
Agace kitwa Ofiri Bibiliya ivuga ko katurukagamo zahabu nziza, kari gaherereye he?
▪ Igitabo cya Yobu ni cyo cya mbere kivuga ibya “zahabu yo muri Ofiri,” kikagaragaza ko yari “zahabu itunganyijwe” (Yobu 28:15, 16, NW). Nyuma y’imyaka igera kuri 600 Yobu apfuye, Umwami Dawidi yakusanyije ‘zahabu ya Ofiri’ yo kubaka urusengero rwa Yehova rw’i Yerusalemu. Umuhungu we Salomo na we yajyaga agura zahabu ya Ofiri.—1 Ibyo ku Ngoma 29:3, 4; 1 Abami 9:28.
Ibyanditswe bigaragaza ko Salomo yari afite amato yakorewe muri Esiyonigeberi, ku Nyanja Itukura, yakoreshaga atunda zahabu yo muri Ofiri (1 Abami 9:26). Hari abahanga bavuga ko Esiyonigeberi yari aho Ikigobe cya Aqaba gitangirira, hafi y’agace muri iki gihe kitwa Elati na Aqaba. Iyo amato yahagurukiraga aho, yashoboraga kugera ku nkombe izo ari zo zose z’Inyanja Itukura, cyangwa akagera mu duce twa kure tw’ubucuruzi twegereye inyanja two muri Afurika cyangwa mu Buhinde, aho hakaba ari ho bakeka ko Ofiri yari iherereye. Ariko kandi, hari abandi bavuga ko Ofiri yari iherereye muri Arabiya, aho basanze ibirombe bya kera bacukuragamo zahabu, kandi na n’ubu bakaba bakiyihacukura.
Nubwo hari abavuga ko ibirombe Salomo yacukuragamo zahabu bitabayeho, umuhanga mu by’amateka ya Misiri witwa Kenneth A. Kitchen, yaranditse ati “Ofiri yo yabayeho. Hari igice cy’ikibumbano gishobora kuba ari icyo mu kinyejana cya munani [Mbere ya Yesu], cyari cyanditseho amagambo y’Igiheburayo agaragara neza, agira ati ‘zahabu yo muri Ofiri yo koherezwa i Betihoroni ipima shekeli 30.’ Ayo magambo agaragaza ko Ofiri ari ahantu habayeho kandi haturukaga zahabu, nk’uko inyandiko zo mu Misiri zigaragaza ko hariho ‘zahabu ya ‛Amau,’ cyangwa ‘zahabu y’i Pount’ cyangwa se ‘zahabu y’i Koush,’ izo mvugo zose zikaba zumvikanisha zahabu yaturukaga muri ako karere, cyangwa imiterere yayo.”
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 15]
Aburahamu ari ku irembo ry’umudugudu, ashaka kugura isambu
[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 15]
Igice cy’ikibumbano cyari cyanditseho ofiri mu giheburayo
[Aho ifoto yavuye]
Collection of Israel Antiquities Authority, Photo © The Israel Museum, Jerusalem