Ese wari ubizi?

Ni ibihe byaha Baraba yakoze?

▪ Amavanjiri yose uko ari ane avuga iby’umugabo witwa Baraba warekuwe mu cyimbo cya Yesu, akaba yararekuwe n’umutegetsi w’Umuroma witwaga Ponsiyo Pilato. Baraba yari “imfungwa y’ikimenyabose,” akaba n’“umujura” (Matayo 27:16; Yohana 18:40). Yari afungiye muri gereza y’Abaroma i Yerusalemu, afunganywe n’“abagomeye ubutegetsi, muri uko kugoma kwabo bakaba barishe abantu.”—Mariko 15:7.

Nubwo nta gihamya itari iyo muri Bibiliya igaragaza ibyaha Baraba yakoze, kuba yari afunganywe n’abagomeye ubutegetsi, bituma intiti zimwe na zimwe zemeza ko yari mu dutsiko tw’abantu bo muri Isirayeli yo mu kinyejana cya mbere, twari tugamije guhirika ubutegetsi. Umuhanga mu by’amateka Flavius Josèphe yanditse ko udutsiko tw’abantu b’ibyigomeke, ari two twabaga turi ku isonga y’imyivumbagatanyo y’abaturage yabagaho muri icyo gihe. Ibyo byigomeke byavugaga ko byaharaniraga uburenganzira bw’Abayahudi bo muri rubanda rwa giseseka bakandamizwaga. Abo bantu bigometse barushijeho gukaza umurego mu kinyejana cya mbere rwagati, bakaba bararwanyaga icyo bitaga akarengane katerwaga n’Abaroma hamwe n’Abayahudi b’ibikomerezwa. Utwo dutsiko tw’ibyigomeke ni two twari twiganje mu ngabo z’Abayahudi zaje kwirukana Abaroma i Yudaya mu mwaka wa 66.

Hari igitabo cyagize kiti “Baraba ashobora kuba yari umwe mu bambuzi bo mu cyaro. Rubanda rwa giseseka rwakundaga abo bambuzi kubera ko bamburaga abakire bo muri Isirayeli, kandi bagateza imyivumbagatanyo mu butegetsi bw’Abaroma.”—The Anchor Bible Dictionary.

Mu gihe cy’Abaroma, ni ibihe byaha byatumaga umuntu akatirwa igihano cyo kwicwa nk’uko Yesu yishwe?

▪ Iyo Abaroma bahanaga abantu babaga bashaka guhirika ubutegetsi, abagizi ba nabi n’ibindi byigomeke byarwanyaga leta, babazirikaga ku gikoresho bababarizwagaho, bakabareka bakahapfira. Abantu babonaga ko icyo ari cyo gihano cyo kwicwa cyari kibi kurusha ibindi.

Hari igitabo cyavuze ko kumanika umuntu “byakorerwaga mu ruhame, bigatesha abantu agaciro kandi bikababaza cyane.” Nanone cyavuze ko “byabaga bigamije gukura umutima umuntu wese washoboraga kwigomeka” (Palestine in the Time of Jesus). Hari umwanditsi w’Umuroma wo mu bihe bya kera wavuze ko abanyabyaha babaga bakatiwe urwo gupfa, bicirwaga “ku mihanda inyuramo abantu benshi, aho abantu bashoboraga kubabona bagakuka umutima.”

Uwitwa Josèphe yavuze ko hari imfungwa yafashwe n’ingabo za Titus igihe zari zigose Yerusalemu mu mwaka wa 70, maze ziyica zityo ziyiciye imbere y’inkuta z’uwo mugi, kugira ngo abashakaga kuwurwanirira bashye ubwoba, maze bishyire mu maboko yazo. Nyuma yaho ubwo uwo mugi wari umaze gufatwa, hari abandi bantu benshi bishwe batyo.

Abantu benshi bavugwa mu mateka bigeze kwicwa batyo, ni abishwe igihe imyivumbagatanyo yari iyobowe na Spartacus yari hafi kurangira (73-71 Mbere ya Yesu), ubwo abagaragu n’abakurankota 6.000 bicirwaga ku muhanda uva ahitwa i Capua ukagera i Roma.

[Ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 10]

“Duhe Baraba,” Charles Muller, 1878