Ese hari andi Mavanjiri avuga ibya Yesu?

IGIHE “Ivanjiri ya Yuda” (yagaragajwe hejuru) yashyirwaga ahagaragara, ikaba yari imaze ibinyejana birenga 16 abantu batekereza ko yabuze, hari intiti zavuze amagambo ashishikaje, nk’aya agira ati “iki ni ikintu kidasanzwe kivumbuwe, kandi abantu benshi nibabimenya bazababara.” Nanone, zaravuze ziti “ibi bigiye guhindura amateka y’Abakristo ba kera.”

Hari abantu bongeye gushishikazwa n’ayo mavanjiri atarahumetswe. Bamwe bavuga ko izo nyandiko zihishura inyigisho n’ibintu by’ingenzi byaranze imibereho ya Yesu, byari bimaze igihe kirekire bihishwe. Ariko se ayo mavanjiri atarahumetswe ni ayahe? Ese koko hari ibintu ayo mavanjiri ashobora kutubwira ku byerekeye Yesu n’Ubukristo, tudashobora kubona muri Bibiliya?

Amavanjiri yahumetswe n’atarahumetswe

Hagati y’umwaka wa 41 n’uwa 98, Matayo, Mariko, Luka na Yohana banditse inkuru zivuga “amateka ya Yesu Kristo” (Matayo 1:1). Izo nkuru, hari abajya bazita amavanjiri, bisobanura “ubutumwa bwiza” bwerekeye Yesu Kristo.​—⁠Mariko 1:1.

Nubwo abantu bashobora kuba baragiye bahererekanya inkuru za Yesu zitanditse, kandi hakaba hari n’izindi nyandiko zigira icyo zimuvugaho, ayo Mavanjiri ane ni yo yonyine abonwa ko yahumetswe n’Imana. Nanone ni yo akwiriye kuba mu Byanditswe Byera, kandi ni yo agaragaza ukuri ‘kudashidikanywaho’ ku birebana n’imibereho ya Yesu ku isi hamwe n’inyigisho ze (Luka 1:1-4; Ibyakozwe 1:1, 2; 2 Timoteyo 3:16, 17). Ayo Mavanjiri ane aboneka kuri buri rutonde rwa kera rw’ibitabo byemewe bigize Ibyanditswe bya Gikristo by’Ikigiriki. Ku bw’ibyo, nta cyo umuntu yaheraho ashidikanya ko ayo mavanjiri yemewe, cyangwa mu yandi magambo, ko ari mu bitabo bigize Ijambo ry’Imana ryahumetswe.

Ariko uko igihe cyagiye gihita, hatangiye kugaragara izindi nyandiko na zo ziswe amavanjiri. Ayo mavanjiri yandi yiswe amavanjiri atarahumetswe.

Mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya kabiri, Irénée wo mu mugi wa Lyon yavuze ko abaretse Ubukristo bakaba abahakanyi, bari bafite “inyandiko nyinshi zitahumetswe kandi zuzuye ibinyoma,” harimo n’amavanjiri “bari barihimbiye, kugira ngo bajijishe abapfapfa.” Ku bw’ibyo, hari abaje kubona ko gutunga ayo mavanjiri atarahumetswe no kuyasoma, byari biteje akaga.

Icyakora, abihaye Imana n’abanditsi babayeho hagati y’ikinyejana cya 5 n’icya 15, bandukuye izo nyandiko kandi bazibika neza. Mu kinyejana cya 19, abantu barushijeho gushishikazwa n’izo nyandiko, ku buryo havumbuwe inyandiko nyinshi zitahumetswe, harimo n’amavanjiri atandukanye, zimwe muri zo zikaba zaragiye zikosorwa n’intiti. Muri iki gihe, zimwe muri izo nyandiko zishobora kuboneka mu ndimi nyinshi zivugwa cyane.

Ibivugwa muri ayo mavanjiri ntibyabaye kuri Yesu

Amavanjiri atarahumetswe yibanda ku bantu bavugwa incuro nke cyangwa batanavugwa rwose muri ya Mavanjiri ane yemewe. Hari n’igihe ayo mavanjiri avuga inkuru z’ibintu byitwa ko byabaye kuri Yesu akiri umwana. Reka dufate ingero zimwe na zimwe.

◼ Ivanjiri bavuga ko yanditswe na Yakobo, nanone bita “Ivuka rya Mariya,” ivuga ibirebana n’ivuka rya Mariya, ibyamubayeho akiri umwana n’uko yashyingiranywe na Yozefu. Ntibitangaje kuba iyo vanjiri yariswe inkuru yo mu rwego rw’idini y’impimbano kandi yuzuye amakabyankuru. Iyo vanjiri itsindagiriza igitekerezo cy’uko Mariya yakomeje kuba isugi, kandi uko bigaragara, yandikiwe kumushimagiza.​—⁠Matayo 1:24, 25; 13:55, 56.

◼ “Ivanjiri yo mu bwana yanditswe na Tomasi,” yibanda ku mibereho ya Yesu akiri umwana, afite hagati y’imyaka 5 na 12, ikavuga ko icyo gihe yakoze ibitangaza byinshi, wumva bidashoboka. (Soma muri Yohana 2:11.) Iyo vanjiri ivuga ko Yesu yitwaraga nabi, akarakazwa n’ubusa kandi agakunda kwihorera. Igaragaza ko yakoreshaga ubushobozi bwe bwo gukora ibitangaza akihimura ku barimu be, abaturanyi be n’abandi bana, bamwe akabatera ubuhumyi, ubumuga naho abandi akabica.

◼ Amwe muri ayo mavanjiri atarahumetswe, urugero nk’ “Ivanjiri ya Petero,” yibanda ku bintu byabaye mu rubanza rwa Yesu, urupfu rwe n’umuzuko we. Andi mavanjiri, urugero nk’iyitwa “Ibyakozwe na Pilato,” nanone yitwa “Ivanjiri ya Nikodemu,” yibanda ku bantu bagize uruhare mu byabaye muri ibyo bihe. Kuba muri ayo mavanjiri havugwamo ibintu bitabayeho n’abantu batabayeho, bigaragaza ko tudakwiriye kuyiringira. “Ivanjiri ya Petero” igamije kugaragaza ko Ponsiyo Pilato ari umwere, kandi ivuga iby’izuka rya Yesu mu buryo bw’amakabyankuru.

Isano ayo mavanjiri afitanye n’abahakanyi baretse Ubukristo

Mu Kuboza 1945, hafi y’umudugudu wa Nag Hammadi, uri mu majyaruguru ya Misiri, abaturage bahavumbuye inyandiko 13 zanditse ku mpapuro zikozwe mu mfunzo, ziriho imyandiko 52. Abo bashakashatsi bavuze ko izo nyandiko zo mu kinyejana cya kane ari iz’idini ry’Abagunositiki bagiraga ibitekerezo bya filozofiya. Abagunositiki bagize ingaruka mbi ku bantu bamwe na bamwe biyitaga Abakristo, kubera ko imyizerere yabo yari uruvange rw’ibitekerezo by’amayobera n’ibya gipagani. Nanone imyizerere yabo yari yarivanze na filozofiya y’Abagiriki, imyizerere ya kiyahudi n’iya gikristo.​—⁠1 Timoteyo 6:20, 21.

Amavanjiri atandukanye, urugero nk’ “Ivanjiri ya Tomasi,” “Ivanjiri ya Filipo” n’ “Ivanjiri y’ukuri,” yabonetse mu “isomero ry’i Nag Hammadi,” yumvikanisha ko Yesu ari we wigishije ibitekerezo bitandukanye kandi by’amayobera by’Abagunositiki. “Ivanjiri ya Yuda” iherutse kuvumburwa, na yo iri mu mavanjiri y’Abagunositiki. Ivuga Yuda neza, igaragaza ko ari we wari uzi Yesu neza kurusha izindi ntumwa. Dukurikije ibyavuzwe n’umuntu wakoze ubushakashatsi kuri iyo vanjiri, iyo vanjiri igaragaza ko nubwo Yesu “ari umwigisha kandi akaba ahishurira abantu ubwenge n’ubumenyi, atari umukiza wapfiriye abari mu isi kugira ngo bakizwe ibyaha.” Amavanjiri yahumetswe yo yigisha ko Yesu yapfuye akaba igitambo cy’ibyaha by’abari mu isi (Matayo 20:28; 26:28; 1 Yohana 2:1, 2). Biragaragara neza ko ayo mavanjiri y’Abagunositiki agamije gutesha Bibiliya agaciro, aho gutuma abantu barushaho kuyigirira icyizere.​—⁠Ibyakozwe 20:30.

Amavanjiri yahumetswe aruta andi yose

Iyo umuntu asuzumye yitonze amavanjiri atarahumetswe, atahura ko avuga ibinyoma. Iyo uyagereranyije n’Amavanjiri yemewe, uhita ubona ko atahumetswe n’Imana koko (2 Timoteyo 1:13). Kubera ko ayo mavanjiri yanditswe n’abantu batazi Yesu cyangwa intumwa ze, nta kintu gishya ahishura ku byerekeye Yesu n’Ubukristo. Ahubwo akubiyemo inkuru z’ibinyoma, z’impimbano kandi zirimo amakabyankuru, zidashobora kudufasha kumenya Yesu n’inyigisho ze.​—⁠1 Timoteyo 4:1, 2.

Ku rundi ruhande, Matayo na Yohana bari mu ntumwa 12 za Yesu. Mariko we yakoranye na Petero, naho Luka akorana na Pawulo. Banditse ayo mavanjiri bayobowe n’umwuka wera w’Imana (2 Timoteyo 3:14-17). Ku bw’ibyo, ayo Mavanjiri uko ari ane arimo ibintu byose bikenewe kugira ngo umuntu yizere ko “Yesu ari we Kristo Umwana w’Imana.”​—⁠Yohana 20:31.

[Aho ifoto yo ku ipaji ya 18 yavuye]

Kenneth Garrett/​National Geographic Stock