Lefèvre d’Étaples yagejeje Ijambo ry’Imana kuri rubanda

UMUNSI umwe ari ku cyumweru mu gitondo, mu ntangiriro z’imyaka ya 1520, abaturage bo mu mugi wa Meaux uri hafi y’i Paris bumvise ikintu kidasanzwe. Igihe bari mu misa, basomewe Ivanjiri mu rurimi rwabo kavukire rw’igifaransa, aho kuyisomerwa mu kilatini nk’uko byari bisanzwe.

Uwari wahinduye ayo Mavanjiri ari we Jacques Lefèvre d’Étaples, yaje kwandikira incuti ye ayibwira ati “ntushobora kwiyumvisha ukuntu Imana irimo gufasha abantu boroheje gusobanukirwa Ijambo ryayo!”

Icyo gihe, Kiliziya Gatolika n’abahanga muri tewolojiya b’i Paris babuzaga abantu gusoma Bibiliya zihinduye mu ndimi zivugwa na rubanda. None se ni iki cyatumye Lefèvre ahindura Bibiliya mu gifaransa? Yafashije ate abantu boroheje gusobanukirwa Ijambo ry’Imana?

YASHAKAGA GUSOBANUKIRWA IBYANDITSWE

Mbere y’uko Lefèvre ahindura Bibiliya, yakundaga gushakisha ibisobanuro by’inyandiko za filozofiya na tewolojiya. Yaje gutahura ko inyandiko za kera zarimo amakosa menshi kandi ko zayobeje abantu mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi. Igihe yakoraga ubushakashatsi ngo asobanukirwe inyandiko za kera, ni bwo yatangiye kugenzura yitonze Bibiliya y’Abagatolika y’ikilatini yitwa Vulgate.

Amaze kwiga Ibyanditswe ashyizeho umwete, yaravuze ati “kwiga ukuri ko mu Ijambo ry’Imana ni byo byonyine biduhesha ibyishimo.” Ni yo mpamvu yaretse kwiga filozofiya ahubwo agashyira imbaraga ze zose ku murimo wo guhindura Bibiliya.

Mu mwaka wa 1509, Lefèvre yasohoye inyandiko irimo ubushakashatsi yakoze ku buhinduzi butanu butandukanye bwa zaburia bw’ikilatini, harimo n’ibyo yakosoye muri Bibiliya yitwa Vulgate. Yari atandukanye n’abahanga muri tewolojiya bo muri icyo gihe, kuko we yihatiraga kumenya “ibisobanuro nyabyo” by’imirongo ya Bibiliya. Uburyo bwe bwo gusobanura Ibyanditswe, bwafashije cyane izindi ntiti mu bya Bibiliya n’abantu baharaniye Ivugurura.—Reba agasanduku kavuga ngo “Uko Lefèvre yafashije Martin Luther.”

Kubera ko Lefèvre yari yarakuriye mu idini rya Gatolika, yumvaga ko kuvugurura inyigisho za Kiliziya byashoboka, ari uko gusa rubanda rwa giseseka rwigishijwe neza ibyanditswe. Ariko se rubanda rwari kumenya rute Ibyanditswe byera, kandi hafi ya byose byari mu kilatini?

UKO BIBILIYA YAGEZE KU BANTU BOSE

Kubera ko Lefèvre yakundaga Ijambo ry’Imana cyane, yakoze uko ashoboye kugira ngo rigere ku bantu benshi. Kugira ngo agere kuri iyo ntego, muri Kamena 1523 yasohoye amavanjiri ahinduye mu gifaransa, abumbiye muri Bibiliya ebyiri nto. Kubera ko izo Bibiliya zari nto kandi zikaba zaraguraga kimwe cya kabiri cy’amafaranga yagura Bibiliya isanzwe, abantu badafite amikoro na bo bashoboraga kuyibona.

Rubanda rwa giseseka rwishimiye cyane iyo Bibiliya. Abagabo n’abagore bari bashishikariye gusoma amagambo ya Yesu mu rurimi rwabo, ku buryo mu mezi make hahise hagurwa Bibiliya 1.200.

YARWANIRIYE BIBILIYA ABIGIRANYE UBUTWARI

Mu ijambo ry’ibanze ry’ayo Mavanjiri, Lefèvre yasobanuye ko yayahinduye mu gifaransa kugira ngo “abayoboke ba kiliziya boroheje bayasobanukirwe nk’uko abayasoma mu kilatini bayasobanukirwa.” None se kuki Lefèvre yifuzaga cyane gufasha rubanda rwa giseseka gusobanukirwa Bibiliya?

Lefèvre yari azi neza ukuntu inyigisho z’abantu na filozofiya byagize ingaruka ku bayoboke ba Kiliziya Gatolika (Mariko 7:7; Abakolosayi 2:8). Yumvaga ko igihe cyari kigeze ngo Ivanjiri “yamamazwe mu isi yose, maze abantu bareke gukomeza kuyobywa n’inyigisho z’abantu.”

Nanone Lefèvre yashakaga gushyira ahabona ibirego by’ibinyoma by’abarwanyaga umushinga we wo guhindura Bibiliya mu gifaransa. Yagaragaje uburyarya bwabo agira ati “bakwigisha abantu bate kwitondera amategeko ya Yesu Kristo, niba batareka ngo abantu boroheje basome Ivanjiri mu rurimi rwabo?”—Abaroma 10:14.

Ntibitangaje kuba abahanga muri tewolojiya bo muri Kaminuza y’i Sorbonne mu mugi wa Paris barahise bashaka kumucecekesha. Muri Kanama 1523, abo bahanga barwanyije abahinduraga Bibiliya mu ndimi kavukire n’ibitabo bisobanura Bibiliya, bakabafata nk’“abanzi ba Kiliziya.” Iyo Umwami Francis I w’u Bufaransa atahagobaka, Lefèvre yari kwicwa ashinjwa ubuhakanyi.

YARICECEKEYE AKOMEZA AKAZI KE

Lefèvre ntiyigeze yemera kurangazwa n’abamurwanyaga ngo bimubuze guhindura Bibiliya. Mu mwaka wa 1524, amaze guhindura Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki (bakunze kwita Isezerano Rishya), yasohoye igitabo cya zaburi mu gifaransa, kugira ngo abantu barusheho gusenga “bafite ibyiyumvo.”

Ba bahanga mu bya tewolojiya bahise basuzumana ubwitonzi iyo Bibiliya Lefèvre yahinduye. Bahise bategeka ko iyo Bibiliya yahinduye y’Ibyanditswe by’ikigiriki itwikirwa mu ruhame, kandi batangaza ko izindi nyandiko yanditse zishyigikira “ubuhakanyi bwa Luther.” Igihe abo bahanga bamutumagaho ngo yisobanure, yahisemo “guceceka” hanyuma ahungira i Strasbourg. Ahageze, yakomeje guhindura iyo Bibiliya mu ibanga. Nubwo hari ababona ko ubwo ari ubugwari, we yumvaga ko ari bwo buryo bwiza bwo gusubiza abantu batahaga agaciro ukuri kwa Bibiliya. Yagereranyaga Bibiliya n’“amasaro” y’agaciro kenshi.—Matayo 7:6.

Lefèvre amaze umwaka umwe ahunze, Umwami Francis I yamusabye kujya yigisha umuhungu we w’imyaka ine witwaga Charles. Ako kazi katumye abona umwanya uhagije wo guhindura iyo Bibiliya. Mu mwaka wa 1530, yarangije guhindura Bibiliya, icapirwa ahandi hatari mu Bufaransa, ni ukuvuga mu mugi wa Anvers, abyemerewe n’Umwami w’abami Charles V.b

HARI IBYO YIFUZAGA ARIKO NTIYABIGEZEHO

Lefèvre yiringiraga ko kiliziya izageraho ikareka imigenzo y’abantu, igakurikiza Ibyanditswe. Yumvaga ko buri Mukristo afite “uburenganzira n’inshingano byo gusoma Bibiliya no kuyiga ku giti cye. Ni yo mpamvu yakoze uko ashoboye kugira ngo Bibiliya igere kuri bose. Nubwo yifuzaga ko inyigisho za Kiliziya zivugururwa, ntiyabigezeho. Icyakora yageze ku ntego ye yo gufasha rubanda rwa giseseka kumenya Ijambo ry’Imana.