Kodi “Mfumu ya Kumpoto” M’nthawi ya Mapeto Ndi Ndani?

1. Kodi maulosi a m’Baibulo amatithandiza kudziwa chiyani?

KODI anthu a Yehova akuyembekezera kukumana ndi zotani posachedwapa? Yankho lake ndi losavuta, chifukwa maulosi a m’Baibulo amatithandiza kudziwa zinthu zikuluzikulu zomwe zichitike posachedwa komanso mmene zidzatikhudzire. Mwachitsanzo, pali ulosi wina umene umatithandiza kudziwa zimene maboma amphamvu kwambiri padzikoli adzachite. Ulosi umenewu unalembedwa mu Danieli chaputala 11 ndipo umanena za mafumu awiri omwe akulimbana. Mafumuwa ndi mfumu ya kumpoto ndi mfumu ya kum’mwera. Mbali yaikulu ya ulosiwu yakwaniritsidwa kale ndipo sitikukayikira kuti mbali yotsala ikwaniritsidwanso.

2. Malinga ndi Genesis 3:15 ndi Chivumbulutso 11:7; 12:17, kodi tiyenera kudziwa chiyani kuti timvetse ulosi wa Danieli?

² Kuti timvetse bwino ulosi wa mu Danieli chaputala 11 tiyenera kudziwa kuti ulosiwu umanena za olamulira komanso maboma okhawo omwe akhala akulimbana ndi anthu a Mulungu. Anthu a Mulungu ndi ochepa kwambiri tikayerekeza ndi anthu ena onse padzikoli, ndiye n’chifukwa chiyani mabomawa amalimbana nawo? Amalimbana nawo chifukwa cholinga chachikulu cha Satana ndi onse omwe ali kumbali yake n’chofuna kuthana ndi onse omwe akutumikira Yehova ndi Yesu. (Werengani Genesis 3:15 ndi Chivumbulutso 11:7; 12:17.) Tiyenera kudziwanso kuti ulosi womwe Danieli analemba uyenera kugwirizana ndi maulosi ena a m’Baibulo. Choncho kuonanso zomwe Malemba ena amanena kungatithandize kumvetsa bwino ulosiwu.

3. Kodi tikambirana chiyani munkhaniyi komanso yotsatira?

³ Tsopano tiyeni tikambirane Danieli 11:25-39. Tiona kuti mfumu ya kumpoto komanso mfumu ya kum’mwera anali ndani kuyambira mu 1870 mpaka mu 1991. Tikambirananso chifukwa chake ndi zomveka kuti tisinthe mmene tinkafotokozera mbali ina ya ulosiwu. Munkhani yotsatira tidzakambirana Danieli 11:40–12:1 ndipo tidzafotokoza zimene mavesiwa akutiuza zokhudza zochitika zoyambira mu 1991 mpaka pa nkhondo ya Aramagedo. Choncho pophunzira nkhani ziwirizi mungachite bwino kuonanso tchati chakuti “Mafumu Awiri Olimbana M’nthawi ya Mapeto.” Koma choyamba, tiyeni tikambirane kuti mafumu awiriwa ndi ndani.

KODI MFUMU YA KUMPOTO KOMANSO MFUMU YA KUM’MWERA NDI NDANI?

4. Kodi ndi zinthu zitatu ziti zimene zingatithandize kudziwa mfumu ya kumpoto komanso mfumu ya kum’mwera?

⁴ Mawu akuti “mfumu ya kumpoto” komanso “mfumu ya kum’mwera” ankanena za maboma amphamvu omwe anali kumpoto komanso kum’mwera kwa dziko la Isiraeli. Onani zomwe mngelo amene anabweretsa uthengawu kwa Danieli ananena. Iye anati: “Tsopano ndabwera kudzakuthandiza kuzindikira zimene zidzagwera anthu a mtundu wako m’masiku otsiriza.” (Dan. 10:14) Mtundu wakale wa Isiraeli ndi umene unali anthu a Mulungu mpaka pa Pentekosite mu 33 C.E. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, Yehova anasonyeza bwino kuti ophunzira okhulupirika a Yesu ndi amene anali anthu ake. Choncho mbali yaikulu ya ulosi wa mu Danieli chaputala 11 imanena zokhudza otsatira a Khristu osati mtundu wakale wa Isiraeli. (Mac. 2:1-4; Aroma 9:6-8; Agal. 6:15, 16) Komanso mayiko omwe anali mfumu ya kumpoto komanso mfumu yakum’mwera akhala akusintha. Ngakhale zili choncho, zinthu zitatu izi sizinasinthe ndipo zingatithandize kuwadziwa. Choyamba, amalamulira komanso kuzunza anthu a Mulungu. Chachiwiri, zimene amachitira anthu a Mulungu zimasonyeza kuti amadana ndi Yehova. Ndipo chachitatu, amalimbirana ulamuliro.

5. Kodi panali mfumu ya kumpoto komanso mfumu ya kum’mwera kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E. kudzafika chakumapeto kwa m’ma 1800? Fotokozani.

⁵ M’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E., Akhristu onyenga omwe anatengera ziphunzitso zachikunja komanso omwe ankabisira anthu choonadi cha m’Mawu a Mulungu, anachuluka kwambiri kuposa Akhristu oona. Choncho kuchokera nthawi imeneyo kudzafika chakumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1800, padzikoli panalibe gulu lodziwika bwino la atumiki a Mulungu. Pa nthawiyi Akhristu onyenga okhala ngati namsongole anachuluka kwambiri ndipo zinali zovuta kudziwa Akhristu enieni. (Mat. 13:36-43) Kuzindikira mfundoyi n’kothandiza kwambiri chifukwa kumatithandiza kudziwa kuti ulosi wonena za mfumu ya kumpoto ndi mfumu ya kum’mwera sukhudza maulamuliro omwe analipo kuyambira m’zaka za m’ma 100 C.E., kudzafika chakumapeto kwa m’ma 1800. Tikutero chifukwa choti pa nthawiyi panalibe gulu lodziwika bwino la atumiki a Mulungu lomwe mafumuwa akanatha kuliukira.b Komabe chitadutsa chaka cha 1870 zinali zotheka kudziwa mfumu ya kumpoto komanso mfumu ya kum’mwera. Kodi tikudziwa bwanji zimenezi?

6. Kodi ndi liti pamene anthu a Mulungu anayambanso kuchitira zinthu limodzi monga gulu? Fotokozani.

⁶ Kuyambira mu 1870, anthu a Mulungu anayamba kuchitira zinthu limodzi monga gulu. M’chaka chimenechi Charles T. Russell ndi anzake anapanga kagulu kophunzira Baibulo. Tinganene kuti M’bale Russell ndi anzakewa anali ngati mthenga amene ‘anakonza njira’ Ufumu wa Mesiya usanakhazikitsidwe. (Mal. 3:1) Tsopano padzikoli panali gulu la anthu amene ankatumikira Yehova movomerezeka. Koma kodi panalinso maulamuliro amphamvu omwe zochita zawo zikanakhudza anthu a Mulungu? Tiyeni tione.

KODI MFUMU YA KUM’MWERA NDI NDANI?

7. Kodi ndi ndani anali mfumu ya kum’mwera kuyambira mu 1870 mpaka pa nthawi yankhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse?

⁷ Pofika mu 1870, dziko la Britain linkalamulira mayiko ambiri kuposa mayiko ena onse ndipo linkaposa mayiko onse pankhondo. Ulamulirowu ndi womwe unatchulidwa ngati nyanga yaing’ono yomwe inagonjetsa nyanga zina zitatu, zomwe ndi mayiko a France, Spain ndi Netherlands. (Dan. 7:7, 8) Choncho ulamuliro wa Britain ndi umene unali mfumu ya kum’mwera mpaka pa nthawi yankhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse. Pa nthawiyi dziko la United States of America linali lolemera kwambiri padziko lonse ndipo linayamba kuchita mgwirizano ndi dziko la Britain.

8. Kodi ndi ndani amene wakhala mfumu ya kum’mwera mu nthawi yonse yamapeto?

⁸ Pa nthawi yankhondo yoyamba ya padziko lonse mayiko a United States ndi Britain ankamenyera limodzi nkhondo. Mgwirizano umene anapangawu, unachititsa kuti akhale amphamvu kwambiri padziko lonse. Mogwirizana ndi ulosi wa Danieli, mfumuyi inasonkhanitsa “gulu lankhondo lalikulu ndi lamphamvu.” (Dan. 11:25) Mu nthawi yonse yamapeto, mayiko a Britain ndi America ndi amene akhala mfumu ya kum’mwera.c Ndiye kodi ndi ndani anakhala mfumu ya kumpoto?

KODI MFUMU YA KUMPOTO NDI NDANI?

9. Kodi mfumu ya kumpoto inaonekeranso liti, nanga ulosi wa pa Danieli 11:25 unakwaniritsidwa bwanji?

⁹ Mu 1871, patangotha chaka kuchokera pamene m’bale Russell ndi anzake anakhazikitsa kagulu kophunzira Baibulo, mfumu ya kumpoto inaonekeranso. M’chaka chimenechi Otto von Bismarck anathandizira kukhazikitsa ufumu wa Germany. Wilhelm I ndi amene anali mfumu yoyamba ndipo anasankha Bismarck kukhala nduna yake yaikulu.d Patadutsa zaka zingapo, dziko la Germany linayamba kulamulira mayiko ena a ku Africa ndi ku Pacific Ocean ndipo linayamba kulimbana ndi ulamuliro wa Britain. (Werengani Danieli 11:25.) Dziko la Germany linakhazikitsa gulu lankhondo lamphamvu kwambiri, ndipo padziko lonse gululi linali lachiwiri pamphamvu. Pa nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, dziko la Germany linagwiritsa ntchito gululi pomenyana ndi adani ake.

10. Kodi ulosi wa pa Danieli 11:25b, 26 unakwaniritsidwa bwanji?

¹⁰ Ulosi wa Danieli unaneneratunso zomwe zidzachitikire ufumu wa Germany ndi gulu lake lankhondo. Ulosiwo unanena kuti mfumu ya kumpoto ‘sidzalimba chifukwa adzaikonzera chiwembu. Anthu amene amadya zakudya zake zokoma ndi amene adzachititsa kuti ithyoke.’ (Dan. 11:25b, 26a) Mu nthawi ya Danieli, amene ankadya “zakudya zabwino za mfumu” anali anthu monga akuluakulu aboma omwe ‘ankatumikira mfumu.’ (Dan. 1:5) Ndiye pamenepa ulosiwu unkanena za ndani? Unkanena za anthu a maudindo akuluakulu monga akuluakulu a asilikali komanso alangizi pa nkhani za nkhondo omwe anathandizira kuti boma la Germany ligwe.e Ulosiwu unanenanso zotsatirapo za nkhondo ya pakati pa mfumu ya kumpotoyi ndi mfumu ya kum’mwera. Ponena za mfumu ya kumpoto ulosi unanena kuti: “Pamenepo gulu lake lankhondo lidzagonja ngati kuti latengedwa ndi madzi osefukira, ndipo anthu ambiri adzaphedwa.” (Dan. 11:26b) Zimenezi ndi zomwe zinachitikadi. Pankhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, asilikali a Germany anagonja ndipo anthu ambiri anaphedwa. Nkhondoyi isanachitike palibe nkhondo ina imene inapha anthu ambiri kuposa imeneyi.

11. Kodi mfumu ya kumpoto ndi ya kum’mwera anachita chiyani?

¹¹ Ponena zomwe zidzachitike nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse isanachitike, ulosi wa pa Danieli 11:27, 28 unanena kuti mfumu ya kumpoto ndi ya kum’mwera “azidzalankhula bodza patebulo limodzi.” Unanenanso kuti mfumu ya kumpoto idzakhala ndi “katundu wochuluka.” Kodi zimenezi zinachitika bwanji? Mayiko a Germany ndi Britain analonjezana kuti azikhala mwamtendere koma mu 1914 anayamba kumenyana. Izi zikusonyeza kuti anauzana zabodza. Ndipo pofika mu 1914, dziko la Germany linali litalemera kwambiri moti linali lachiwiri pa mayiko olemera kwambiri padziko lonse. Pokwaniritsa ulosi wa pa Danieli 11:29 komanso mbali yoyamba ya vesi 30, dziko la Germany linamenyana ndi mfumu ya kum’mwera koma linagonja.

MAFUMU ANALIMBANA NDI ANTHU A MULUNGU

12. Pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse, kodi mfumu ya kumpoto ndi ya kum’mwera anachita chiyani?

¹² Kungoyambira mu 1914, mafumu awiriwa akhala akumenyana komanso akhala akulimbana ndi anthu a Mulungu. Mwachitsanzo, pa nthawi ya nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse maboma a Germany ndi Britain anazunza anthu a Mulungu omwe ankakana kumenya nawo nkhondo. Ndipo boma la United States linamanga anthu amene ankatsogolera ntchito yolalikira. Zimenezi zinakwaniritsa ulosi wa pa Chivumbulutso 11:7-10.

13. Kodi mfumu ya kumpoto inachita chiyani m’ma 1930 komanso pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse?

¹³ M’ma 1930, makamaka pa nthawi ya nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, mfumu ya kumpoto inazunza kwambiri anthu a Mulungu. Chipani cha Nazi chitayamba kulamulira dziko la Germany, Hitler ndi otsatira ake analetsa ntchito ya anthu a Mulungu. Mfumu ya kumpotoyi inapha anthu a Yehova pafupifupi 1,500 ndipo enanso ambiri inawatumiza kundende zozunzirako anthu. Danieli anali ataneneratu kuti zimenezi zidzachitika. Anati mfumu ya kumpoto ‘idzaipitsa malo opatulika’ ndiponso ‘idzachotsa nsembe zoyenera kuperekedwa nthawi zonse.’ Mfumuyi inachita izi poletsa ntchito yolalikira yomwe atumiki a Mulungu ankagwira. (Dan. 11:30b, 31a) Ngakhale Hitler yemwe anali mtsogoleri wadzikolo, anafika polumbira kuti adzapha anthu onse a Mulungu m’dziko la Germany.

MFUMU YA KUMPOTO YATSOPANO

14. Kodi ndi ndani amene anakhala mfumu ya kumpoto pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse? Fotokozani.

¹⁴ Pambuyo pa nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse, boma la Soviet Union linayamba kulamulira madera ambiri amene linalanda ku dziko la Germany ndipo linakhala mfumu ya kumpoto. Mofanana ndi ulamuliro wankhanza wa chipani cha Nazi, ulamuliro wa Soviet Union unkadana kwambiri ndi aliyense amene ankasonyeza kuti kulambira Mulungu woona n’kofunika kwambiri kuposa kumvera boma.

15. Kodi mfumu ya kumpoto inachita chiyani nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itangotha?

¹⁵ Nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse itangotha, boma la Soviet Union ndi mayiko ogwirizana nalo, nawonso anazunza anthu a Mulungu. Mogwirizana ndi ulosi wopezeka pa Chivumbulutso 12:15-17, mfumu ya kumpotoyi inaletsa ntchito yolalikira ndipo inathamangitsa anthu a Yehova ambiri m’dziko lake. Ndipotu tingati nthawi yonse ya masiku otsiriza ano, mfumu ya kumpoto yakhala ikuzunza anthu a Mulungu zomwe zili ngati kulavula madzi okhala ngati “mtsinje.” Koma zimenezi sizinalepheretse anthu a Mulungu kugwira ntchito yawo.f

16. Kodi boma la Soviet Union linakwaniritsa bwanji ulosi wa pa Danieli 11:37-39?

¹⁶ Werengani Danieli 11:37-39. Pokwaniritsa ulosiwu, mfumu ya kumpoto ‘sinaganizire Mulungu wa makolo ake.’ Kodi inachita bwanji zimenezi? Boma la Soviet Union linayesa kulanda mphamvu zimene zipembedzo zinali nazo ndi cholinga chofuna kuzithetsa. Kuti likwanitse kuchita zimenezi, mu 1918 bomali linakhazikitsa lamulo lomwe linachititsa kuti masukulu aziphunzitsa zoti kulibe Mulungu. Nanga kodi mfumu ya kumpoto inapereka bwanji “ulemu kwa mulungu wa m’malo okhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri”? Boma la Soviet Union linawononga ndalama zambiri polimbitsa chitetezo chake pa nkhondo komanso popanga zida zambiri zanyukiliya. Kenako mfumuyi komanso mfumu ya kum’mwera anali ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zikanatha kupha anthu mabiliyoni.

MAFUMU ODANA ANACHITIRA ZINTHU LIMODZI

17. Kodi “chinthu chonyansa chobweretsa chiwonongeko” n’chiyani?

¹⁷ Mfumu ya kumpoto inathandiza mfumu ya kum’mwera poika “chinthu chonyansa chobweretsa chiwonongeko.” (Dan. 11:31) “Chinthu chonyansa” chimenechi ndi bungwe la United Nations.

18. N’chifukwa chiyani bungwe la United Nations limatchedwa “chinthu chonyansa”?

¹⁸ Bungwe la United Nations limatchedwa “chinthu chonyansa” chifukwa limanena kuti likhoza kubweretsa mtendere padzikoli, zomwe ndi Ufumu wa Mulungu wokha umene ungakwanitse. Ndiponso ulosi unanena kuti chinthu chonyansachi ndi “chobweretsa chiwonongeko” chifukwa bungweli lidzaukira ndi kuononga zipembedzo zonse zonyenga.​—Onani tchati chakuti “Mafumu Awiri Olimbana M’nthawi ya Mapeto.”

N’CHIFUKWA CHIYANI TIFUNIKA KUDZIWA MBIRI IMENEYI?

19-20. (a) N’chifukwa chiyani tifunika kudziwa mbiri imeneyi? (b) Kodi nkhani yotsatira idzayankha funso liti?

¹⁹ Tifunika kudziwa mbiri imeneyi chifukwa imatitsimikizira kuti kuyambira m’ma 1870 mpaka kumayambiriro kwa m’ma 1990, ulosi wa Danieli wonena za mfumu ya kumpoto komanso mfumu ya kum’mwera unakwaniritsidwa. Choncho tingakhulupirire kuti mbali yotsala ya ulosiwu nayonso ikwaniritsidwa.

²⁰ Mu 1991, boma la Soviet Union linatha. Ndiye kodi mfumu ya kumpoto ndi ndani masiku ano? Nkhani yotsatira idzayankha funso limeneli.