Ibintu byashingiweho ngo iyi Bibiliya ishyirwe mu zindi ndimi

Bibiliya yabanje kwandikwa mu Giheburayo cya kera, mu Cyarameyi no mu Kigiriki. Muri iki gihe ishobora kuboneka mu ndimi zirenga 3.000, yaba yuzuye cyangwa ari ibitabo bimwe na bimwe byayo. Abenshi mu basoma Bibiliya, ntibaba bazi indimi Bibiliya yabanje kwandikwamo. Ni yo mpamvu bakoresha izahinduwe mu ndimi bashobora kumva. None se ni ayahe mahame yagombye gukurikizwa mu gihe Bibiliya ihindurwa mu zindi ndimi kandi se ni gute ayo mahame yakurikijwe igihe Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’Isi Nshya yahindurwaga?

Hari bamwe bashobora kumva ko guhindura ijambo ku rindi, nk’uko hari ubuhinduzi bwabigenje butyo (Kingdom Interlinear), bishobora gutuma umuntu atajya kure y’ibivugwa mu mwandiko wo mu rurimi Bibiliya yabanje kwandikwamo. Ariko si ko buri gihe byagombye kugenda. Dore impamvu zimwe na zimwe:

Nta ndimi ebyiri zishobora guhuza neza neza ikibonezamvugo, amagambo n’imyubakire y’interuro. Umwarimu wigisha Igiheburayo witwa S. R. Driver yavuze ko indimi “zidatandukanira ku kibonezamvugo no ku magambo gusa, ko ahubwo zinatandukanira . . . ku buryo bwo gukurikiranya ibitekerezo mu nteruro.” Abantu bavuga indimi zitandukanye banatekereza mu buryo butandukanye. Porofeseri Driver yongeyeho ati “kubera iyo mpamvu, iyo indimi zitandukanye, n’imiterere y’interuro iratandukana.”
Kubera ko nta rurimi rufite amagambo n’ikibonezamvugo bimeze neza neza nk’ibyo mu rurimi rw’Igiheburayo n’urw’Ikigiriki zakoreshejwe muri Bibiliya, Bibiliya ihinduye ijambo ku rindi ishobora kutumvikanisha neza igitekerezo cyangwa ikazanamo igitekerezo kitari cyo.
Ibisobanuro by’ijambo cyangwa itsinda ry’amagambo bishobora guhinduka bitewe n’aho ryakoreshejwe.

Birashoboka ko imirongo imwe n’imwe ishobora guhindurwa ijambo ku rindi hakurikijwe uko apanze mu rurimi yabanje kwandikwamo. Ariko mu gihe umuhinduzi abigenje atyo, aba agomba kuba maso.

Dore zimwe mu ngero zigaragaza ukuntu guhindura ijambo kuri rindi bishobora gutanga ubutumwa butari bwo:

Hari igihe Ibyanditswe bikoresha ijambo “gusinzira” byerekeza ku gusinzira ibi bisanzwe, ariko nanone bikarikoresha byerekeza ku gupfa (Matayo 28:13; Ibyakozwe 7:60). Igihe iryo jambo ryakoreshejwe mu mwandiko ryerekeza ku gupfa, abahinduzi bashobora guhitamo kuba ari ryo bakoresha, aho gukoresha “gusinzira,” kugira ngo bidatera urujijo abasomyi.—1 Abakorinto 7:39; 1 Abatesalonike 4:13; 2 Petero 3:4.
Intumwa Pawulo yakoresheje imvugo iboneka mu Befeso 4:14 yerekeza ku mukino w’urusimbi bakinaga bakoresheje utubuye. Iyo mvugo yerekeza ku kuntu abantu bariganyaga abandi iyo babaga bakina uwo mukino. Mu ndimi nyinshi, iyo iyo mvugo ihinduwe ari ijambo ku rindi, ntiyumvikana. Icyakora iyo iyo mvugo uyihinduye ngo: “abantu b’indyarya,” irushaho kumvikana kandi igatuma umuntu asobanukirwa igitekerezo.
Imvugo y’Ikigiriki yakoreshejwe mu Baroma 12:11, uyihinduye ijambo ku rindi isobanura “kubira bitewe n‘umwuka.” Uramutse ubihinduye utyo igitekerezo nticyakumvikana. Niyo mpamvu muri Bibiliya iyo mvugo yahinduwemo ngo: “Mujye mureka umwuka wera ubongerere imbaraga.”
MATAYO 5:3

Uko hahinduwe ijambo ku rindi: “abakene mu mwuka”

Igitekerezo kirimo: “abazi ko bakeneye Imana”

Mu Kibwiriza cya Yesu cyo ku Musozi kizwi cyane, Yesu yakoresheje imvugo ikunze guhindurwamo ngo: “Hahirwa abakene mu mwuka” (Matayo 5:3, Bibiliya ya King James). Icyakora mu ndimi nyinshi, iyo uhinduye iyo mvugo ijambo ku rindi, ntiba yumvikana. Hari aho iyo mvugo ngo: “Hahirwa abakene mu mwuka,” ishobora kumvikanisha umuntu ufite ibibazo byo mu mutwe, umuntu utari muzima cyangwa utazi gufata imyanzuro. Icyakora muri uyu murongo Yesu yashakaga kwigisha abantu ko ibyishimo bitazanwa no guhaza ibyifuzo by’umubiri, ahubwo ko bizanwa no kumenya ko bakeneye kuyoborwa n’Imana (Luka 6:20). Ubwo rero, iyo iyo mvugo uyihinduye ngo: “Abazi ko bakeneye ibintu byo mu buryo bw’umwuka” cyangwa “abazi ko bakeneye Imana” byumvikanisha igitekerezo cy’ukuri cyo mu mwandiko wo mu rurimi Bibiliya yabanje kwandikwamo.—Matayo 5:3; The New Testament in Modern English.
Ahantu henshi ijambo ry’Igiheburayo ryahinduwemo “gufuha” usanga ryerekeza ku burakari umuntu agira bitewe n’uko incuti ye yamuhemukiye, cyangwa akarakazwa n’ibyo abandi batunze, akumva ko na we yabigira (Imigani 6:34; Yesaya 11:13). Icyakora nanone iryo jambo rishobora no kwerekeza ku gikorwa cyiza. Urugero rishobora gukoreshwa ryerekeza ku “mwete,” ku mbaraga Yehova agaragaza arinda abagaragu be cyangwa ku bwitange aba yiteze ko abagaragu be bamwiyeguriye bagaragaza (Kuva 34:14; 2 Abami 19:31; Ezekiyeli 5:13; Zekariya 8:2). Rishobora nanone kwerekeza ku “mwete” abagaragu b’Imana b’indahemuka bamugaragariza, bakawugira muri gahunda zo kumusenga cyangwa bakawugaragaza batihanganira abantu basenga Imana bayibangikanyije n’ikindi kintu.—Zaburi 69:9; 119:139; Kubara 25:11.
Ijambo ry’Igiheburayo yadh rikunze guhindurwamo “ukuboko” cyangwa “ikiganza,” ariko bitewe n’aho ryakoreshejwe rishobora no kwerekeza ku “bubasha,” ku muco wo “kugira ubuntu,” ku “mbaraga” cyangwa rigahindurwa mu bundi buryo

Ijambo ry’igiheburayo ryerekeza ku kuboko cyangwa ikiganza, usanga rifite ibisobanuro byinshi. Bitewe n’aho iryo jambo ryakoreshejwe, rishobora kwerekeza ku “bubasha,” ku “muco wo kugira ubuntu” cyangwa ku “mbaraga” (2 Samweli 8:3; 1 Abami 10:13; Imigani 18:21). Mu by’ ukuri iryo jambo ryahinduwe mu buryo butandukanye bubarirwa muri za mirongo muri iyi Bibiliya y’ubuhinduzi w’Isi Nshya.

Dukurikije ibyo bintu, guhindura Bibiliya si ugufata ijambo ryo mu rurimi yabanje kwandikwamo, aho riboneka hose, ngo urisimbuze gusa irindi bivuze kimwe. Umuhinduzi aba agomba gushyira mu gaciro kugira ngo atoranye amagambo yo mu rurimi ahinduramo akwiriye kandi yumvikanisha neza igitekerezo cyo mu mwandiko wo mu rurimi Bibiliya yabanje kwandikwamo. Nanone kandi aba agomba kubaka interuro mu buryo buhuje n’amategeko agenga ikibonezamvugo cyo mu rurimi ahinduramo bigatuma gusoma interuro zahinduwe byoroha.

Nanone aba agomba kwirinda gukabya guhindagura interuro mu gihe apanga amagambo ayigize. Iyo umuhinduzi yihaye guhindura amagambo yo muri Bibiliya nta cyo yitayeho, ahubwo akurikije gusa uko abyumva, bishobora gutuma yumvikanisha igitekerezo kitari cyo. Mu buhe buryo? Ibyo bishobora gutuma yongera igitekerezo kitari cyo mu mwandiko, akurikije uko abyumva, cyangwa akirengagiza ikintu cy’ingenzi cyari kiri mu mwandiko wo mu rurimi Bibiliya yabanje kwandikwamo. Nubwo kuvuga interuro zo muri Bibiliya mu yandi magambo bishobora gutuma kuzisoma byoroha, rimwe na rimwe iyo abahinduzi bakabije kubigenza batyo, bishobora gutuma umusomyi adasobanukirwa ubutumwa nyabwo buri mu mwandiko wo mu rurimi Bibiliya yabanje kwandikwamo.

Nanone imyemerere y’umuhinduzi ishobora kugira ingaruka ku byo yahinduye. Urugero muri, Matayo 7:13 hagira hati: “Inzira ngari ijyana abantu ku kurimbuka.” Mu mwanya w’ijambo ry’Ikigiriki risobanura “kurimbuka” hari abahinduzi bamwe na bamwe bagiye bakoresha ijambo “umuriro” wenda bakabikora babitewe n’imyemerere yabo.

Nanone umuhinduzi wa Bibiliya aba agomba kwibuka ko igihe Bibiliya yandikwaga, hakoreshejwe imvugo yoroshye, ivugwa n’abantu basanzwe, urugero nk’abahinzi, abashumba n’abarobyi (Nehemiya 8:8, 12; Ibyakozwe 4:13). Ubwo rero, iyo Bibiliya yahinduwe neza, bituma abantu bose b’imitima itaryarya basobanukirwa ubutumwa buyirimo, nubwo baba batarize. Biba byiza iyo Bibiliya ikoresha imvugo yoroshye, ikunze gukoreshwa kandi yumvikana, aho gukoresha amagambo yumvwa n’abantu bake.

Abenshi mu bahinduzi ba Bibiliya, bagiye bakora ikosa ryo kuvana izina ry’Imana ari ryo Yehova muri Bibiliya zo muri iki gihe, nubwo iryo zina rigaragara mu nyandiko za kera za Bibiliya zandikishijwe intoki. (Reba Umugereka wa A4.) Hari abahinduzi benshi ba Bibiliya bagiye basimbuza iryo zina andi mazina y’icyubahiro urugero nk’“Umwami,” ndetse hakaba n’abavuga ko Imana itagira izina. Reka dufate urugero rw’isengesho rya Yesu riboneka muri Yohana 17:26. Dore uko abahinduzi bamwe na bamwe bahinduye uwo murongo. Bamwe baravuze bati: “Natumye bakumenya.” Na ho muri Yohana 17:6 baravuga bati: “Nakumenyekanishije ku bo wampaye.” Icyakora, iyo uhinduye neza isengesho rya Yesu, ku murongo wa 26 ubona ko yavuze ati: “Nabamenyesheje izina ryawe,” naho ku murongo wa 6 akavuga ati: ‘Abantu wampaye nabamenyesheje izina ryawe.’

Mu ijambo ry’ibanze ryo muri Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’Isi Nshya yo mu Cyongereza hagira hati: “Ntiduhindura Ibyanditswe tuvuga amagambo uko tubyishakiye. Twihatira guhindura ijambo kuri rindi aho bishoboka, mu gihe imvugo yakoreshejwe mu Cyongereza yumvikana kandi guhindura ijambo ku rindi bikaba bidapfukirana igitekerezo.” Komite ya Bibiliya y’Ubuhinduzi bw’Isi Nshya yashyiraga mu gaciro igahindura ipanga amagambo mu buryo buhuje n’umwandiko wo mu rurimi Bibiliya yabanje kwandikwamo, ariko nanone ikirinda kuyapanga mu buryo butumvikana cyangwa mu buryo bupfukirana igitekerezo. Ibyo byatumye gusoma Bibiliya byorohera abantu. Nanone bituma abayisoma bemera badashidikanya ko ubutumwa buyirimo bwavuye ku Mana kandi ko buhuje n’ukuri.—1 Abatesalonike 2:13.