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Eshina dy’Efile Mukulu mu Bifundwe bya kina Ebreeyi
Eshina dy’Efile Mukulu mu maleta a kina Ebreeyi kya kala kumpala kwa kwenda mu bupika ku Babilone
Eshina dy’Efile Mukulu mu maleta a kina Ebreeyi kya kala kunyima kwa kwenda mu bupika ku Babilone
Eshina dy’Efile Mukulu, dyabadi baleeshe mu ano maleta ashikale ananka a mu kina Ebreeyi יהוה, di misango pepi na 7 000 mu Bifundwe bya kina Ebreeyi. Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau aluula ano maleta ananka aaukibwa bu Tétragramme bu “Yehowa.” Dino eshina nyi eshina adisanganyibwa misango ikile bungi mu Bible. Sunga byekala shi bafundji ba Bible abaadi ingi nsaa abetanyina Efile Mukulu mu myasu ibungi sunga angi mashina a kumusamuna, bu kileshesho: “Sha bukome-booso,” “Sha kwiyilu kula,” na bu “Mwanana,” Tétragramme nyi eshina dy’Efile Mukulu dyabatumika nadyo bwa kumwitanyina.
Yehowa Efile Mukulu baadi mutume bafundji ba Bible bwa kufunda eshina dyaaye. Bu kileshesho, ku bukome bwa kikudi kiselele baadi mutume mutemuki Yowele bwa kufunda shi: “Ooso edidi eshina dya Yehowa apanda.” (Yowele 2:32, NWT) Na Efile Mukulu baadi mukunkushe ungi mufundji a misambo bwa kufunda shi: “Baukye shi eshina dyoobe mbu Yehowa, obe bupenka, Sha kwiyilu kula, pa nsenga ishima.” (Misambo 83:18) Mu binyibinyi, eshina dy’Efile Mukulu di misango pepi na 700 mu mukanda wa Misambo—mukanda wa ngono ibaadi bafubi b’Efile Mukulu abayimbi na kwambuula. Bwakinyi binobino eshina dy’Efile Mukulu tadii mu ma Bible ebungi? Bwakinyi mu Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau mbafunde eshina “Yehowa”? Na nkinyi akipatuula eshina dy’Efile Mukulu, Yehowa?
Tupindji twa mukanda wa Misambo mu Mufungofungo wa mu Kalunga kafwe tubaadi tufundjibwe kumpala kwa kufika munkatshi mwa siekele a kumpala K.Y.K. Bifundwe bi mu maleta a kina Ebreeyi muyiile bibaabadi abafundu kunyima kwa kwaluka mu bupika ku Babilone, anka Tétragramme mmufundjibwe na maleta elekeene a mu kina Ebreeyi kya kala
Bwakinyi dino eshina tadi mu ma Bible ebungi? Kwi tubingilo twilekeene. Bangi abamonaa shi, Efile Mukulu Sha bukome-booso te na lukalo lwa kwikala n’eshina dimune dyatudi bakumbeene kumwitanyina nya. Bangi abalondaa kipikwa kya beena Yuuda kya kupela kutemuna dino eshina, pangi bwa kutshina bwa kupela kwidisabulusha. Kadi bangi namu abamonaa shi bu byakushii muntu su ngumune auku mushindo wibuwa wa kwitanyina eshina dy’Efile Mukulu, byabya bibuwa kufuba na myasu bu “Mwanana” sunga “Efile Mukulu.” Kadi, tuno tubingilo tatwi mwishinda nya, mwanda:
Baaba abamba shi Efile Mukulu Sha bukome-booso te na lukalo lwa kwikala n’eshina dimune tabauku shi mu mikanda ya kumpala ya Bible, mpa na ingi mikanda ibaadi ifundjibwe kumpala kwa Kidishitu, mwi eshina dy’Efile Mukulu. Bu byatumonanga kunundu, Efile Mukulu baadi mukite bwashi eshina dyaaye difundjibwe Mwiyi dyaaye misango ikumbeene kwikala 7 000. Byabya, akumiina shi tuukye eshina dyaaye na kwiditanyina.
Bantu abaluulaa Bible bakashe eshina dy’Efile Mukulu pa mwanda wa kipikwa kya beena Yuuda, mbalube mwanda wa muulo ukata. Pabaadi bangi bafundji ba beena Yuuda abapele kwitanyina eshina dy’Efile Mukulu, tababaadi abedikatusha mu mikanda ya Bible ibaabadi bafunde nya. Mifungofungo ya kala yabadi bafumbule mu Qumran, pepi na Kalunga Kafwe, i n’eshina dy’Efile Mukulu mbalo ibungi. Bangi namu abamba shi dino eshina adimweneka mu mikanda ya kumpala kadi pa mbalo yadio abafundu mwasu “MWANANA” mu maleta akata. Kadi ino nkonko ikii nka kwanka: Bwakinyi bano bantu abaluulaa Bible mbamone shi be na matalwa a kukasha eshina dy’Efile Mukulu sunga kufunda ingi myasu pa mbalo yadio aku namu abakumiina shi di mu mikanda ya Bible misango binunu? Nnanyi mwibape matalwa a kukita byabya? Anka abo banabeene nyi bakumbeene kwaluula.
Baaba abamba shi tabitungu kutemuna eshina dy’Efile Mukulu mwanda tadiukibwa kalolo mushindo ubaabadi abeditanyina ta mbalombeene kutemuna eshina dya Yesu nya. Anka, balongi ba Yesu ba mu siekele a kumpala abaadi abetanyina eshina dyaaye mu mushindo wilekeene ngofu na abiditanyinaa beena Kidishitu lelo uno. Kwi beena Kidishitu beena Yuuda, eshina Yesu dibaadi aditaminwa bu Ye·shuʹa‛. Na dingi mwasu “Kidishitu” ubaadi awitaminwa bu Ma·shiʹach, sunga bu “Messiah.” Beena Kidishitu abaadi abakula kina Greke abaadi abamwitanyina bu I·e·sousʹ Khri·stosʹ, anka baaba abaadi abakula Latin abamwitanyinanga bu Ieʹsus Chriʹstus. Ku bukwashi bwa kikudi kiselele, eshina dyaaye dyaluule mu kina Greke dibaadi difundjibwe mu Bible, bwa kulesha shi beena Kidishitu ba kumpala abaadi balonde kiubishi kya kwitanyina eshina muyiile byadyakulwaa mu ludimi lwabo. Bi mumune, Komite mwaluule Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau mmumone shi bibuwa kufunda eshina “Yehowa,” sunga byekala shi t’adikala mu mushindo ubaadidi aditaminwa mu kina Ebreeyi kya kala.
Bwakinyi mu Traduction du monde nouveau mu Anglais mbafunde eshina “Jehovah”? Mu Anglais, ano maleta ananka a Tétragramme (יהוה) ngaleshibwe na ano maleta ashikale YHWH. Anka bu bibaabidi mu kina Ebreeyi kya kala, Tétagramme te na maleta ashikukye nya. Pabaabadi abakula kina Ebreeyi kya kala, bantu ababadika abaadi abakumbasha maleta ashikukye.
Bipwa pepi na kinunu kunyima kwa kupudisha kufunda Bifundwe bya kina Ebreeyi, basha binangu ba beena Yuuda abaadi batuushe mayele a kwelanga bitundwilo bwa kulesha maleta ashikukye aatungu kulombasha bwa kubadika kina Ebreeyi. Kadi, mu aa mafuku, beena Yuuda bebungi abaadi na nangunangu ibi ya shi, tabibuwa kwitanyina eshina dy’Efile Mukulu n’eyi di bukopo, byabya ababangile kwidishintuula na kwela bingi bishima. Abimweneka shi pabaabadi abatentula Tétragramme, abaadi abemwele maleta ashikukye bwa kutuusha bishima bya kufunda pa mbalo ya maleta ananka aalesha eshina dy’Efile Mukulu. Nyi bwakinyi, ma maniskri e na ano maleta ashikukye ta akwasha bwa kuuka mushindo ubaabadi abetanyina eshina dy’Efile Mukulu mu kina Ebreeyi kala nya. Bangi abamonaa shi abaadi abeditanyina bu “Yahweh,” anka bangi namu be na ingi mpwandjikisho. Mufungofungo wa ku Kalunga kafwe wi na kipindji kya mukanda wa Beena-Levi mu kina Greke mbaluule eshina dy’Efile Mukulu bu Iao. Kukaasha yawa ngitanyino, bafundji ba kala ba kina Greke abamba dingi shi abaadi abeditanyina bu Iae, I·a·beʹ, na I·a·ou·eʹ. Anka tatwi na kya kukumiina bukuminekumine nya. Tatuuku mushindo ubaadi bafubi b’Efile Mukulu ba kala abetanyina dino eshina nya. (Kibangilo 13:4; Efilu 3:15) Kyatuuku nyi nkwamba shi Efile Mukulu baadi muteemune eshina dyaye misusa ibungi pabaadi esamba na bafubi baaye, na shi abo namu abaadi abateemuna eshina dyaye na abaadi abediteemuna pabesamba na bangi bantu kushi kutshina.—Efilu 6:2; 1 Banfumu 8:23; Misambo 99:9.
Byabya, bwakinyi mu Traduction du monde nouveau mbafunde eshina “Jehovah” mu Anglais? Mwanda uno mushindo wa kwitanyina eshina dy’Efile Mukulu ubayisha ngofu mu Anglais.
Eshinda dy’Efile Mukulu mu Kibangilo 15:2 mu mikanda itano ya Moyiise ibaabadi baluule kwi William Tyndale, mu 1530
Mu musango wa kumpala ubaabadi bafunde eshina dy’Efile Mukulu mu Bible a mu Anglais nyi mu 1530 mu mikanda itano ya Moyiise ibaabadi baluule kwi William Tyndale. Baadi mwidifunde bu “Iehouah.” Kunyima kwa mafuku, ludimi lwa Anglais ndushintulukye, na nfundjilo a eshina dy’Efile Mukulu dingi mmushintulukye. Bu kileshesho, mu 1612, Henry Ainsworth baadi mwidifunde bu “Iehovah” mu mukanda wa Misambo ubaadi mwaluule. Akupu, mu 1639, pabaabadi bafunduule dingi wawa mukanda beutuusha pamune na mikanda itano ya Moyiise, abaadi bafunde eshina “Jehova.” Mu 1901, bantu babalulwile Bible a American Standard Version abaadi bafunde eshina “Jehovah” pa mbalo ibaadidi mu bifundwe bya kina Ebreeyi.
Pabaadi mupatuule bwakinyi mufunde eshina “Jehovah” pamutwe pa kufunda “Yahweh” mukanda waaye wa mu 1911 (Studies in the Psalms), Joseph Bryant Rotherham, sha binangu mu myanda ya mu Bible, bambile shi baadi mukumiine kufunda dino eshina “mu mushindo wabadi baubiile (na wabadi bakumiine) kwi bantu bebungi ababadikaa Bible.” Mu 1930 A. F. Kirkpatrick baadi mwambe nka byabya pabitale eshina “Jehovah.” Bambile shi: “Bantu bebungi abalongaa ndimi abamba shi abitungu kwitanyina dino eshina bu Yahveh sunga bu Yahaveh; kadi eshina JEHOVAH mbapwe kwidiubiila ngofu kwi bantu abakulaa Anglais, na kintu ki na muulo ta nkuuka bibaadidi aditaminwa kalolo nya, anka nyi nkukumiina shi adyo nyi Eshina penda dimune dy’Efile Mukulu, ta mmwasu bu ‘Mwanana.’”
Tétragramme, YHWH: “Yawa afwishaa”
Verbe HWH: “kwikala”
Eshina Yehowa adipatuula kinyi? Mu kina Ebreeyi, eshina Yehowa adifiki ku kishima (verbe) akipatuula shi “kufwisha,” sunga kwikala, na bantu bebungi basha binangu abamba shi kino kishima kya mu kina Ebreeyi nkifundjibwe mu mushindo aulesha kukitshisha kwa myanda. Byabya, mpushisho a komite a baaba baluule Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau nga’shi eshina dy’Efile Mukulu adilesha shi “Yawa afwishaa.” Bantu balongye myanda ya Bible be na binangu bilekenelekeene pabitale uno mwanda, nyi bwakinyi tatwi balombeene kukumiina bukumiinekumiine nya. Kadi, uno mpatulwilo mwipushene na mudimo wa Yehowa wa bu Mupangi a bintu byooso na bu Yawa akumbashaa mpàngo yaaye. Ta mupangye nka penda eyilu na nsenga na bipangwa byooso bi na binangu nya kadi, muyiile abilesha myanda ikitshikye, kwete kutungunuka na kulombasha kyakyebe na mpàngo yaaye.
Byabya, eshina Yehowa tadipatuula penda byabadi baleshe mu kishima (verbe) ki mu Efilu 3:14 nya. Atwimubadika shi: “Nankekala kyooso kyankumiina kwikala” sunga shi, “Nakeekala kyooso kyankeekala.” Su tubatala kalolo, ano mayi taapatuula eshina dy’Efile Mukulu. Anka, aetulesha ungi mwanda utale bumuntu bwaye, aetulesha shi ayikalaa kyooso akitungu kwikala nsaa kampanda bwa kulombasha mpàngo yaaye. Byabya, sunga byekala shi eshina Yehowa adilesha dingi shi mmukumbeene kufika kyooso kyakumiina kufika, ta ndifudiile paapa nya. Adilesha dingi kyadi mulombeene kufwisha sunga kukitshisha pabitale kupanga na kulombasha kwa mpàngo yaaye.