Eshina dy’Efile Mukulu mu Bifundwe bya kina Greke

Bantu abapatuulaa bishima bya mu Bible abamba shi eshina dy’Efile Mukulu, dyabadi bafunde mu Tétragramme (יהוה), adimweneka misango pepi na 7 000 mu Bifundwe bya kala bya kina Ebreeyi. Kadi, bantu bebungi abamonaa shi tadibaadi mu Bifundwe bya kala bya kina Greke bya beena Kidishitu nya. Nyi bwakinyi, mu ma Bible ebungi t’abafundaa dino eshina p’abaluula bino Bifundwe bya kina Greke byabetanyinaa bu Kilombeno kipya. Mpa na nsaa yabaluula bipindji bya mu Bifundwe bya mu kina Ebreeyi byabadi bemutemune na mwi Tétragramme, bantu bebungi abaluulaa Bible abafundaa “Mwanana” pamutwe pa kufunda eshina dy’Efile Mukulu.

Mu Bible a Les Saintes Écritures​—Traduction du monde nouveau ta mbalonde kino kiubishi nya. Mbemufunde eshina Yehowa misango 237 mu Bifundwe bya kina Greke. Pa’bo kwata kitshibilo kya kukita byabya, baaba baluule Bible abaadi batale myanda ibidi ya muulo: (1) Ma maniskri a kina Greke atudi nao lelo ta ngano abaabadi bafunde kumpala nya. Ku binunu bya ma maniskri e kwanka lelo, ebungi ngafundjibwe kukila bipwa nkama ibidi kunyima kwa kufundjibwa kwa ma maniskri a kumpala. (2) Munda mwa byabya bipwa byooso, pa mbalo i Tétragramme, baaba babaadi abatentula ma maniskri abaadi abafundu Kyʹri·os, kishima kya kina Greke akilesha “Mwanana,” sunga shi abaadi abatentula ma maniskri mwabadi bapwe kukita byabya.

Komite a baaba baluule Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau mmufike mu kumona shi Tétragramme baadi mu ma maniskri a kumpala a mu kina Greke. Mbafikye mu kwamba byabya pa kutala ino myanda ayilondo:

• Ma maniskri a Bifundwe bya kina Ebreeyi abaabadi ababadika mu mafuku a Yesu na batumibwa abaadi na Tétragramme. Kala bantu bebungi abaadi abeele mpaka pabitale uno mwanda. Kadi binobino, bu byabadi bafumbule ma maniskri a Bifundwe bya kina Ebreeyi abaadi afundjibwe mu siekele a kumpala pepi na Qumran, takukii dingi mpaka nya.

• Mu mafuku a Yesu na a batumibwa baaye, Tétragramme baadi amweneka mu Bifundwe bya kina Ebreeyi byabadi baluule mu kina Greke. Munda mwa bipwa nkama, bantu bebungi abalongaa bishima bya mu Bible abaadi abapwandjikisha shi Tétragramme tabaadi mu ma maniskri a Bifundwe bya kina Ebreeyi bibaabadi baluule mu kina Greke byabetanyina bu Septante nya. Akupu, munkatshi mwa siekele a 20, bingi bipindji bya kala bya Bible a Septante a kina Greke a mu mafuku a Yesu bibaadi bikakye binangu bya bantu abataluulaa bishima bya mu Bible. Bino bipindji bya maniskri bibaadi n’eshina dy’Efile Mukulu, difunde mu maleta a kina Ebreeyi. Byabya, mu mafuku a Yesu, mu ma maniskri a Bifundwe bya kina Greke mubaadi eshina dy’Efile Mukulu. Anka, mu siekele a kananka K.Y.K., mu ma maniskri ebungi a Bible a Septante mu kina Greke, bu kileshesho Codex Vaticanus na Codex Sinaiticus, tamubaadi eshina dy’Efile Mukulu kubanga ku Kibangilo mpa na ku Malakii (aku namu dibaadi mwanka mu ma maniskri a kumpala). Byabya, tatwi balombeene kukema pa kumona shi mu bifundwe bya aa mafuku, eshina dy’Efile Mukulu tadii mu kipindji kyabetanyina bu Kilombeno kipya, sunga kipindji kya Bible kya mu kina Greke.

  Yesu baadi mwambe patooka shi: “Ne mufikye mwishina dya Nshami.” Baadi dingi muleshe shi mifubo yaaye yooso baadi mwiyikite ‘Mwishina dya Nshaye’

• Bifundwe bya mu kina Greke abyamba shi misusa ibungi Yesu baadi atemuna eshina d’Efile Mukulu na kwidiukisha bangi. (Yowano 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Yesu baadi mwambe patooka shi: “Ne mufikye mwishina dya Nshami.” Baadi dingi muleshe shi mifubo yaaye yooso baadi mwiyikite ‘Mwishina dya Nshaye.’​—Yowano 5:43; 10:25.

• Bu bi Bifundwe bya mu kina Greke abaadi bebikumbashe ku Bifundwe biselele bya mu kina Ebreeyi, kushimisha eshina dya Yehowa mu bino bifundwe ta nkukumbane nya. Pepi na munkatshi mwa siekele a kumpala K.Y.K., mulongi Jaake balungwile bakulu mu Yeelusaleme shi: “Simeone balondo kipaso kibatembeele Efile Mukulu maumbo kwibedi, bwa kwimusangula mwilo bwa eshina dyaaye.” (Bikitshino 15:14) Jaake tabaadi mulombeene kwakula su takubaadi muntu su ngumune auku sunga kutemuna eshina dy’Efile Mukulu.

• Eshina d’Efile mukulu mbedifunde mu kikoso mu Bifundwe bya kina Greke. Mu Bifumbulwe 19:1, 3, 4, 6, eshina dy’Efile Mukulu di mu kishima “Aleluuya.” Kino kishima akifiki ku mwaku wa kina Ebreeyi awamba shi: “Tumbishayi Yah.” “Yah” nyi Eshina Yehowa mu kikoso. Mashina ebungi abadi batemune mu Bifundwe biselele bya kina Greke aafiki kwishina dy’Efile Mukulu. Na dingi, mikanda ibungi ayilesha shi eshina dya Yesu nabeene adipatuula shi “Yehowa nkipandjilo.”

• Mikanda ya beena Yuuda ya kala ayishinkamisha shi beena Kidishitu abaabi abatemuna eshina d’Efile Mukulu mu bifundwe byabo. Tosefta, mukanda ufunde miiya ibaabadi abalongyesha kukanwa, ubaabadi bapudishe kufunda mu bipwa pepi na 300 K.Y.K., awakula pabitale mikanda ya beena Kidishitu ibaadi yipye kaalo mwifuku dya Sabato shi: “Mikanda ya ma Evangile na mikanda ya minim [ayimweka bu ya beena Kidishitu beena Yuuda] tabitungu kwiyipaasha mku kaalo nya. Kadi abitungu kwiyitadiila yipye kaalo, ayo pamune na mikanda i n’Eshina dy’Efile Mukulu.” Uno mukanda umune autemuna Rabbi Yosé a mu Ngalileeya, baadi na muwa mu siekele a kabidi K.Y.K., baadi mwakule pabitale angi mafuku a mu lubingo shi: “Abitungu kukatusha mbalo yooso i Eshina dy’Efile Mukulu [abipushika kalolo shi baadi akwila pabitale mikanda ya beena Kidishitu] kwiyikumba ku lupese, na byabya abishala bishikiibwe kaalo.”

• Bangi bantu abapatuula myanda i mu Bible abakumina shi abimweka shi eshina dy’Efile Mukulu di mu maverse a Bifundwe bya beena Ebreeyi abadi batemune mu Bifundwe bya kina Greke. Pa mbalo yabadi besambe pabitale “Tétragramme mu Kilombeno kipya,” ungi mukanda aupatuulaa bishima bya mu Bible (The Anchor Bible Dictionary) awamba shi: “Kwi kishinkamiisho akilesha shi Tétragramme, Eshina dy’Efile Mukulu, Yahweh, dibaadi mu angi ma verse sunga mu ma verse ooso a Kilombeno kikulu abadi batemune mu Kilombeno kipya pabaabadi beafunde bwa musango wa kumpala.” George Howard, muntu apatuulaa bishima bya mu Bible, amba shi: “Bu bi Tétragramme baadi ki mufundjibwe mu ma maniskri a Bible a mu kina Greke [Septante] abaabadi abafubu nao kwi kipwilo kya kumpala, twi kwamba shi bafundji ba Kilombeno kipya, abaadi balekye Tétragramme mu Bible pabaabadi abatemuna ma verse.”

• Bantu babaadi baluule Bible bebungi bende nkumo abaadi bafunde eshina d’Efile Mukulu mu Bifundwe bya kina Greke bya beena Kidishitu. Bangi ba kwabadi babaadi bakite byabya bipwa bibungi kumpala kwa’shi Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau atuukye. Ku bano babaadi baluule Bible twi kuteemuna bano bantu abalondo na ma Bible aabo: A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, a Herman Heinfetter (1863); The Emphatic Diaglott, a Benjamin Wilson (1864); The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, a George Barker Stevens (1898); St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, a W. G. Rutherford (1900); The New Testament Letters, a J.W.C. Wand, Mwepiskopo a mu Londres (1946). Na dingi, Pablo Besson baadi mwalule Bible mu Espagnole ku mbangilo kwa siekele 20, baadi mufunde eshina “Jehová” mu mukanda wa Yuuda 14, na dingi mu mayi pepi na 100 atupete mushi mw’esaki mu Bible abaadi mwalule ngaleshe shi byabya nyi abitungu kufunda eshina dy’Efile Mukulu. Bipwa bibungi kumpala kwa ano ma Bible, mu Bifundwe bya mu kina Greke byatwitanyina bu Kilombeno kipya byabadi baluule mu kina Ebreeyi kubanga mu siekele 16 na kukamina mbemufunde Tétragrame mu ma verse ebungi. Mu ludimi lwa Allemand, mu ma Bible pepi na 11 mbafunde eshina “Jehovah” (sunga kufunda kishima kya kina Ebreeyi akilesha “Yahweh”) mu Bifundwe bya mu kina Greke bya beena Kidishitu, anka mu ma Bible ananka mbakumbashe kishima “Mwanana” mu tuboko. Ma Bible kukila pa 70 a mu Allemand ngafunde eshina dy’Efile Mukulu mu mayi e mushi mwesaki sunga mu kipatulwilo kya bishima.

  

• Atupete eshina d’Efile Mukulu mu Bifundwe bya mu kina Greke mu ma Bible akile pa lukama mu ndimi ilekeenelekeene. Mu ndimi ibungi ya mu Afrike, mu Amerike, mu Asie, mu Mputu, na ya mu Îles du Pacifique mbafunde eshina dya Yehowa. (Tala liste e mwisaki 1742 na 1743.) Baaba babaadi baluule ano ma Bible abaadi baate kitshibilo kya kufunda eshina dy’Efile Mukulu pa mwanda wa myanda yatwikalanga besambe kunundu. Angi a ku aa ma Bible ta ngatukye kala nya, bu kileshesho Bible a Rotuman (1999), mwabadi bafunde “Jihova” misusa 51 mu maverse 48, na Bible a Batak (Toba) (1989) mu Indonesie, mwabadi bafunde “Jahowa” misusa 110.

  

Kushi mpaka, kwi akilesha bwakinyi bibuwa kwalusha eshina dy’Efile Mukulu, Yehowa mu Bifundwe bya mu kina Greke bya beena Kidishitu. Byabya nyi bikite bantu baluule Bible a Traduction du monde nouveau. Abapeya eshina dy’Efile Mukulu kanemo kakile na abatshinaa kukaasha kantu kooso ke mu bifundwe bya kala.​—Bifumbulwe 22:18, 19.