LiBhayibheli​—Kungani Amanyenti Kangaka?

Kungani liBhayibheli linemahumusho lamanyenti lahlukehlukene lamuhla? Uwabona akusita yini lamahumusho lamasha kutsi ucondze liBhayibheli nobe enta kube lukhuni? Kufundza ngemvelaphi yawo, kungakusita kutsi uwacondze kahle.

Nobe kunjalo, ngubani lowabhala liBhayibheli ekucaleni futsi nini?

LIBHAYIBHELI LEKUCALA

LiBhayibheli lehlukaniswe laba tincenye letimbili. Incenye yekucala inetincwadzi letingu-39 letinemavi “langcwele aNkulunkulu.” (Roma 3:2) Nkulunkulu waphefumlela emadvodza letsembekile kutsi abhale letincwadzi eminyakeni leminyenti leyendlulile​—cishe iminyaka lengaba ngu-1,100 kusukela nga-1513 B.C.E kute kube seminyakeni yangemuva kwa-443 B.C.E. Tincwadzi letinyenti tabhalwa ngesiHebheru, futsi lencenye ibitwa ngekutsi ImiBhalo YesiHebheru, lephindze yatiwe ngekutsi Lithestamente Lelidzala.

Incenye yesibili inetincwadzi letingu-27 letisolo ‘tilivi laNkulunkulu.’ (1 Thesalonika 2:13) Nkulunkulu waphefumlela bafundzi baJesu Khristu kutsi babhale letincwadzi ngesikhashana nje lesincane—lesingaba yiminyaka lecishe ibe ngu-60 kusuka nga-41 C.E. kuya ku-98 C.E. Letinyenti taletincwadzi tabhalwa ngesi-Griki, kungako sibita lencenye ngekutsi ImiBhalo YemaKhristu YesiGriki, lephindze yatiwe ngekutsi Lithestamente Lelisha.

Totimbili letincenye letinetincwadzi letingu-66, takha liBhayibheli leliphelele​—lelingumlayeto waNkulunkulu lobhalelwe bantfu. Kodvwa kungani kunemahumusho eliBhayibheli labuyeketiwe? Nati tizatfu letintsatfu letibalulekile.

• Kute bantfu bafundze liBhayibheli ngelulwimi labalumunya.

• Kute kususwe emaphutsa lentiwa bakopishi futsi kubuyiselwe imibhalo yasekucaleni yeliBhayibheli.

• Kute kubhalwe ngelulwimi lolukhulunywa esikhatsini setfu.

Naka kutsi letizatfu betiwatsintsa njani lamahumusho lamabili ekucala.

I-SEPTUAGINT

Kusesele iminyaka lecishe ibe ngu-300 ngaphambi kwekutsi Jesu atalwe, tati letingemaJuda tacala kuhumushela imiBhalo yesiHebheru kulolunye lulwimi​—lwesiGriki. Lelihumusho latiwa ngekutsi i-Septuagint yesiGriki. Kungani lentiwa lelihumusho? Kute kusitwe emaJuda lebekasakhuluma siGriki ngaleso sikhatsi esikhundleni sesiHebheru, nekutsi ajwayelane ‘nemibhalo lengcwele.’​—2 Thimothi 3:15.

I-Septuagint yaphindze yasita tigidzi tebantfu lebetingesiwo emaJuda, bantfu lebebakhuluma siGriki kutsi bati loko lokufundziswa liBhayibheli. Kanjani? Professor Wilbert Francis Howard watsi “Kusukela emkhatsini welikhulu lekucala, lelihumusho laba liBhayibheli lemaSontfo ebuKhristu, lebebahamba emasinagogi nemasinagogi kute ‘akufakazele ngemibhalo kutsi Jesu abenguMesiya.’” (Imisebenti 17:3, 4; 20:20) Ngekwaloko lokushiwo sati seliBhayibheli, Frederick Fyvie Bruce, satsi nguleso sizatfu lesenta emaJuda lamanyenti “ayekela kufundza i-Septuagint.”

Njengoba bafundzi baJesu bachubeka batfola tincwadzi temiBhalo yemaKhristu esiGriki, bahlanganisa letincwadzi nelihumusho le-Septuagint lokulihumusho lemiBhalo yesiHebheru, futsi letincenye takha liBhayibheli leliphelele lelisetjentiswa esikhatsini setfu.

I-LATIN VULGATE

Nasekuphele iminyaka lengu-300 liBhayibheli liphelile kubhalwa, sati senkholo lesingu-Jerome, sabhala lihumusho leliBhayibheli lesi-Latin, lelagcina latiwa ngekutsi yi-Latin Vulgate. Emahumusho esi-Latin besekavele akhona, pho kungani kwase kudzingeka lelisha? I-International Standard Bible Encyclopedia itsi, Jerome bekafuna kulungisa “indlela lebeyibhalwe ngayo, emaphutsa lebekakhona, kanye nemibhalo lebeyengetiwe naleyo beyisusiwe.”

Jerome wawalungisa lamanyenti alawo maphutsa. Kodvwa ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi, baholi bemasontfo benta umonakalo lomkhulu! Batsi lihumusho lesi-Latin Vulgate ngilo kuphela lihumusho leliBhayibheli lelemukelekako futsi loku bakwenta sikhatsi lesidze! Kunekutsi isite bantfu labangakafundzi lokuyaphi kutsi bacondze liBhayibheli, lelihumusho le-Vulgate lenta bantfu bangalicondzi ngesizatfu sekutsi bantfu labanyenti bebangalwati sanhlobo lulwimi lwesi-Latin.

KWANDZA KWEMAHUMUSHO LAMASHA

Kuleso sikhatsi, bantfu bachubeka benta lamanye emahumusho eliBhayibheli​—njengelihumusho lelatiwa kakhulu ngekutsi yi-Syriac Peshitta yangelikhulu lesihlanu C.E. Kusengakefiki likhulu lesi-14, kwentiwa imetamo yekubuyeketa kabusha lelihumusho kute bantfu labanyenti labangakafundzi lokuyaphi bakhone kufundza imiBhalo ngelulwimi lwabo.

Ngasekupheleni kwelikhulu lesi-14, John Wycliffe waseNgilandi, wacala kuhumusha liBhayibheli ngelilulwimi lwesiNgisi kute bantfu lebebangakafundzi lokuyaphi bakhone kulicondza kahle. Masinyane ngemuva kwaloko, tindlela tekunyatselisa ta-Johannes Gutenberg tavulela tati teliBhayibheli kutsi tikhone kukhicita tiphindze tisakate emahumusho lamasha eliBhayibheli ngetilwimi letehlukahlukene kulo lonkhe laseYurophu.

Ngalesikhatsi emahumusho eliBhayibheli esiNgisi andza, bantfu lebebaphikisa bacala kukhonona ngekutsi besikhona yini sidzingo sekutsi kuhumushwe emahumusho lamanyenti ngelulwimi lolufanako. Sati selulwimi lweSingisi sangelikhulu lesi-18, lesingu-John Lewis, sabhala satsi: “Lulwimi luphelelwa sikhatsi futsi bese alusacondzakali kahle, kungako kubalulekile kutsi liHumusho lelidzala libuyeketwe kabusha kusetjentiswe Lulwimi lolusetjentiswako nalelicondzakala kalula kubantfu labakhona ngaleso sikhatsi.”

Tati teliBhayibheli talamuhla, sekulula ngato kutsi tibuyekete emahumusho lamadzala. Setiticondza kahle tilwimi lebetisetjentiswa ekucaleni nakubhalwa liBhayibheli, futsi tiye tatfola kutsi imibhalo yeliBhayibheli lebeyibhalwa ngesandla yakadzeni ilusito lolukhulu nabahumusha. Loku kusita kutsi tikhone kubona kutsi beyitsini imibhalo yeliBhayibheli yasekucaleni.

Ngako kulusito kuba nemahumusho lamasha eliBhayibheli. Nobe kunjalo, kunesidzingo sekuwacaphela lamanye emahumusho.a Kodvwa nangabe labo labalibuyeketako bakwenta ngobe bamtsandza mbamba Nkulunkulu, kuba lusito kakhulu kitsi kufundza lawo mahumusho abo.