Bokamoso ba Bolumeli ha ho Talingoa Liketsahalo Tsa bona Tse Fetileng

Karolo 18—lekholo la bo 15 la lilemo ho ea pele—Ha “Bakreste” le “Bahetene” ba Kopana

“Bolumeli bo ka pelong, e seng mangoleng”—D. W. Jerrold, mongoli oa lipale oa Lenyesemane oa lekholong la bo19 la lilemo

MOSEBETSI oa boromuoa, letšoao le khethollang la Bokreste ba pele, e ne e le ho boloka taelo ea Jesu ea ho “etsa batho ba lichaba tsohle barutuoa” le ho ba lipaki tsa hae “ho isa pheletsong ea lefatše.”—Mattheu 28:19, 20, NW; Liketso 1:8.

Lekholong la bo15 la lilemo, Bokreste-’mōtoana bo ile ba qala lenaneo la lefatše lohle la ho sokolla “bahetene.” Ke bolumeli bofe boo “bahetene” bana ba ’nileng ba bo sebelisa ho fihlela nakong eo? Na ho sokolleloa “Bokresteng” leha e le hofe ho latelang ho ile ha ama lipelo tsa bona kapa ho ile ha etsa hore ba oe ka mangole ho ikokobetsa?

Ho lekanyetsoa hore Afrika ho na le lihlopha tsa merabe tse 700 ka boroa ho Sahara. Pele-pele, sehlopha ka seng se ne se na le bolumeli ba sona ba morabe, le hoja ho tšoana ha bona ho bontša tšimoloho e tšoanang. Australia, Amerika, le lihlekehleke tsa Pacific, ho fumanoa malumeli a mangata a batala.

A mangata a lumela ho molimo o le mong o phahameng, ’me leha ho le joalo, ka ho rapela melimo e mengata, a sa ntsane a na le sebaka sa melimo e tlasana—lelapa, seng, kapa melimo ea sechaba. Phuputso e ’ngoe e entsoeng ka bolumeli ba Aztec e thathamisa malumeli a fetang 60 le mabitso a tsebisahalang a amanang le melimo ea ’ona.

Afrika le Amerika, batho ba malumeli a “boholo-holo” ba lumela ho motho ea phahametseng tsohle ea bitsoang Ramano. Ka linako tse ling o bitsoa ’mōpi oa bokahohle, ka linako tse ling e le mohlophisi oa pōpo, ka mehla o talingoa e le ea thetsang ka mano le ea nang le litakatso, le hoja e se tse mpe. Maindia a Navaho a Amerika Leboea a bolela hore o ile a hloma lefu; morabe oa Oglala Lakota o ruta hore ke lengeloi le oeleng le entseng hore batho ba pele ba lelekoe paradeiseng ka ho ba tšepisa bophelo bo molemo sebakeng se seng. The Encyclopedia of Religion e bolela hore hangata Ramano o hlahella “lipaleng tsa pōpo,” a etsa “karolo e hanyetsang molingoana oa pōpo ea moea.”

Ho tšoana le Babylona le Egepeta, malumeli a mang a batala a ruta boraro-bo-bong. Buka The Eskimos e bolela hore Moea, Moea oa Leoatle, le Moea oa Khoeli e etsa boraro-bo-bong boo “qetellong bo neng bo laola ntho e ’ngoe le e ’ngoe tikolohong ea Maeskimo.”

Batho—“Moeeng . . . ba ke ke ba Timetsoa”

Ronald M. Berndt oa Univesithi ea Bophirimela ea Australia o re bolella hore Batala ba Australia ba lumela hore bophelo ha bo khaotse, “bo tsoela pele ka mor’a lefu, ho tsoa ’meleng ho ba moea o felletseng, o khutlelang ’meleng nakong e loketseng.” Sena se bolela hore “moeeng batho ba ke ke ba timetsoa.”

Merabe e meng ea Afrika e lumela hore ka mor’a lefu batho feela ba tloaelehileng ba fetoha lithotsela, ha batho ba tummeng ba fetoha meea ea baholo-holo ba shoeleng, e lokelang ho hlomphuoa le ho rapeloa joaloka baeta-pele ba sechaba ba sa bonahaleng. Ho ea ka morabe oa Manus oa Melanesia, sethotsela sa monna kapa sa mong ka eena ea haufi se tsoela pele ho laola lelapa la hae.

Maindia a mang a Amerika a lumela hore lenane la moea le lekanyelitsoe, ka hona ho hlokahala hore e “tsoaloe ka mekhoa e sa tšoaneng pele e le motho ’me e be moea kapa phoofolo.” The Encyclopedia of Religion ea hlalosa: “Lefu la motho le lokolla moea oa phoofolo, ka ho fapana, le kopanya batho, liphoofolo, le meea lebiling le momahaneng.”

Ka hona, bafuputsi ba pele ba ile ba makala ho fumana batsoali ba Maeskimo ba sa ikhathatse ka ho laea bana ba bona, esita le ho ba bitsa ka mantsoe a joaloka “’mè” kapa “ntate-moholo.” Mongoli Ernest S. Burch, e monyenyane, o hlalosa hore sena e ne e le hobane ngoana a ne a rehelloa ka mong ka bona joalokaha ho bontšoa ke lentsoe le sebelisoang, ’me ka tloaelo ntate oa Moeskimo “o tšaba ho shapa nkhono’ae, esita le haeba a kene ’meleng oa mor’a hae.”

“Bokamoso” bo ile ba tšoantšetsoa ke merabe e meng ea Maindia a Amerika Leboea e le lebala le thabileng la ho tsoma, moo batho le liphoofolo ba ileng ba shoela teng. Moo ba ile ba boela ba kopanngoa le beng ka bona ba ratoang empa ba kopana le lira tsa bona tsa pele. Maindia a mang a ile a tlosa letlalo la hlooho la lira tsa oona ka mor’a ho li bolaea, ka ho hlakileng a lumela hore sena se thibela lira ho kena lefatšeng la meea.

Na tumelo e atileng har’a malumeli a batala ea hore ho na le bophelo bo bong ka mor’a lefu e paka Bokreste-’mōtoana bo nepile ha bo ruta hore batho ba na le moea o sa shoeng? Le hanyenyane. Edene moo bolumeli ba ’nete bo qalileng teng, Molimo haa ka a bua letho ka bophelo ka mor’a lefu; o ile a beha tebello ea bophelo bo sa feleng ho fapana le lefu. Khopolo ea hore lefu ke monyako o lebisang bophelong bo molemo e ile ea hōlisoa ke Satane ’me hamorao ea rutoa Babylona.

Litlhoko Tsa Batho Kapa Lithahasello Tsa Molimo?

Ho khothelletsa malumeli a batala ho bonahala ho le molemong oa botho kapa bophelo bo botle ba sechaba. Ka bolumeli ba pele ba Batala ba Australia, Ronald Berndt oa ngola: “[Bo] bontša kameho e fapaneng ea batho bophelong ba letsatsi le leng le le leng. Bo bua ka likamano tsa batho, mathata a tebileng a batho, le litaba tsa ho pholoha.”

Mefuta ea borapeli e bitsoang boanimi, bofetish, le boshaman, e fumanehang lichabeng tse fapaneng ka mekhoa e fapaneng le ka matla a sa tšoaneng e etselitsoe ho tlatsa litlhoko tse joalo tsa batho.

Boanimi bo hlalosa bophelo le moea o lulang ka hare linthong tse joaloka limela le majoe esita le linthong tsa tlhaho tse joaloka lehalima le litšisinyeho tsa lefatše. E ka ’na ea ba bo kopanyelletsa khopolo ea hore meea e se nang ’mele e teng e nang le tšusumetso e lokileng kapa e kotsi ho batho ba phelang.

Bofetish bo hlaha lentsoeng la Sepotoketsi leo ka linako tse ling le sebelisoang ho hlalosa lintho tseo ho nahanoang hore li na le matla a maholo a fang mong’a ’ona tšireletso kapa thuso. Kahoo bafuputsi ba Mapotoketsi ba ile ba sebelisa lentsoe lena ka ho khetholla lithathō tseo ba fumaneng Maafrika a Bophirimela a li sebelisa bolumeling ba bona. Bofetish bo nka libōpeho tse ngata kaha bo amana haufi le borapeli ba litšoantšo. Ka mohlala, Maindia a mang a Amerika a lebisa matla a phahametseng a tlhaho masibeng, ba a nka e le lipalangoang tse sebetsang lithapelong “tse fofang” kapa melaetseng e eang leholimong.

Boshaman, bo tsoa lentsoeng la Setungus le Semanchuria le bolelang “ea tsebang,” le theiloe ho shaman, motho eo ho nahanoang hore o tseba ho phekola le ho buisana le sebaka sa moea. Ngaka ea litaola, moloi—lentsoe lefe kapa lefe leo u ratang ho le sebelisa—le tiisa bophelo bo botle kapa le khutlisetsa matla a maholo a kemolo. Joalokaha e etsa merabeng e meng e lulang merung ea Amerika Boroa, phekolo e ka batla hore u phunye melomo, lera la linko, kapa litsebe, o ferefe ’mele oa hao, kapa o apare liaparo tse itseng. Kapa u ka ’na ua bolelloa hore u sebelise litlhare le lithethefatsi, tse kang koae le makhapetla a coca.

Ka ho fokola thutong, malumeli a batala a ke ke a fetisa tsebo e nepahetseng ea ’Mōpi. Ka ho phahamisa litlhoko tsa batho ho feta lithahasello tsa Molimo, ba tlosa tlhompho e mo loketseng. Kahoo, ha Bokreste-’mōtoana bo ne bo qala mosebetsi oa bona oa baromuoa mehleng ena, potso e bile: Na “Bakreste” ba tla tseba ho hulela lipelo tsa “bahetene” haufi-ufi le Molimo?

Lekholong la bo15 la lilemo, Spain le Portugal li ile tsa qala lenaneo la ho fuputsa le ho atolosa likoloni tsa tsona. Ha matla ana a K’hatholike a fumana linaha tse ncha, kereke ea qala ho sokolla baahi ba libaka tseo, ba etsa hore ba amohele puso ea bona e ncha ea “Bokreste.” Mangolo a mopapa a neha Portugal litokelo tsa baromuoa Afrika le Asia. Ka mor’a hore Amerika e fumanoe, Mopapa Alexander VI o ile a seha moeli oa boinahanelo mahareng a Atlantic, a neha Spain litokelo ka bophirimela le Portugal ka bochabela.

Ho sa le joalo, Maprotestanta a ne a tšoarehile haholo ka ho sireletsa boemo ba oona khahlanong le K’hatholike hoo a neng a se na sebaka sa ho nahana ka ho sokolla ba bang, ’me le bona banchafatsi ba Maprotestanta ha ba ka ba khothalletsa ho etsa joalo. Ho bonahala hore Luther le Melanchthon ba ne ba lumela hore bofelo ba lefatše bo haufi hoo ho neng ho se nako ea ho finyella “bahetene.”

Leha ho le joalo, lekholong la bo17 la lilemo, mokha oa Protestanta o bitsoang Bopietiste o ile oa qala ho hōla. O ne o hlahisitsoe ke nchafatso, o ne o hatella phihlelo ea botho ka bolumeli mabapi le tloaelo ea bolumeli ’me oa hatella ho baloa ha Bibele le tlamo ea bolumeli. “Pono ea ’ona ea hore batho ba hloka molaetsa o molemo oa Kreste,” joalokaha mongoli e mong a hlalositse, qetellong ea thusa Boprotestanta ho kena “sekepeng” sa mosebetsi oa boromuoa bofelong ba lekholo la bo18 la lilemo.

Ho tloha hoo e ka bang karolo ea bohlano ea baahi ba lefatše ka 1500, lenane la ba ipitsang Bakreste la phahamela ho karolo ea bone ka 1800 ’me ka 1900 ba ne ba etsa karolo ea boraro. Joale karolo ea boraro ea lefatše e ne e le “Bakreste”!

Na ka Sebele ba ne ba Etsa Barutuoa ba Bokreste?

Matšoao a ’nete a fumanoang malumeling a batala a pupetsoa ke lithuto tse ngata tsa bohata tsa Babylona, empa ho boetse ho joalo le ka Bokreste ba bokoenehi. Ka hona lefa lena le tšoaeang la bolumeli le nolofallelitse “bahetene” ho fetoha “Bakreste.” Buka The Mythology of All Races e re: “Ha ho sebaka se seng Amerika seo ho bonahalang se fane ka ho tšoana ho makatsang tšebeletsong ea Bokreste joaloka Mayan.” Ho hlompha sefapano le tse ling tse tšoanang le sona tšebeletsong “ho ile ha ntšetsa pele phetoho ea bolumeli ka khohlano e fokolang.”

Maafrika—ka lilemo tse 450 a ile a koeteloa ke “Bakreste” ’me a tlisoa Amerika ho tla sebetsa e le makhoba—a ne a nolofalloa ho fetola bolumeli “ka khohlano e fokolang.” Kaha “Bakreste” ba ile ba hlompha ka tsela ea borapeli “bahalaleli” ba Europe ba shoeleng, na ho na le lebaka le neng le ka thibela “bahetene ba Bakreste” ba Maafrika ho rapela baholo-holo ba shoeleng? Ka hona, The Encyclopedia of Religion ea hlokomela: “Bavoodoo ..., motsoako oa malumeli a Afrika Bophirimela, boloi, bolumeli ba Bokreste, le meetlo . . . , bo fetohile bolumeli ba sebele ba batho ba bangata ba Haiti, ho kopanyelletsa le ba bitsoang Mak’hatholike.”

Concise Dictionary of the Christian World Mission e lumela hore ho fetoloa ha Latin America le Philippines ho ne ho sa teba, ’me e phaella ka hore “Bokreste ba malumeli ana kajeno bo tletse ka litumela-khoela le ho hloka tsebo.” Ho Maaztec, Mamaya le Mainca, “‘ho sokolloa’ ho ile ha bolela feela ho eketsoa ha molimo o mong kerekeng ea bona.”

Ka batho ba Akan ba Ghana le Côte d’Ivoire, Michelle Gilbert oa Peabody Museum of Natural History o re: “Bolumeli ba meetlo bo tsoela pele hobane ho batho ba bangata bo bonahala e le tsamaiso e sebetsang haholo ea tumelo, bo tsoelang pele ho fa lefatše tsebo.”

M. F. C. Bourdillon, oa Univesithi ea Zimbabwe, o bua ka “bolumeli bo tsoakiloeng” har’a lintho tsa bolumeli ba Mashona, ’me oa hlalosa: “Mekhoa e fapaneng ea Bokreste hammoho le mekhoa ea borapeli e fapaneng kaofela e fana ka motsoako oa likarabo tsa bolumeli tseo motho a ka li khethang ho itšetlehile ka litlhoko tsa hae nakong eo.”

Empa haeba “bahetene ba Bakreste” ba khetholleha ka ho ba lekoko feela, ho hloka tsebo, tumela-khoela, le borapeli ba melimo e mengata, haeba ba nka malumeli a meetlo e le a sebetsang ho feta Bokreste, haeba ba nka bolumeli e le taba feela e ba nolofalletsang bophelo, ba nka bolumeli e le boo ba ka bo fetolang ho ea ka maemo, na u ka bolela hore Bokreste-’mōtoana bo entse barutuoa ba sebele ba Bakreste?

Haeba Hase Barutuoa, Ke Bo-mang?

Ke ’nete, baromuoa ba Bokreste-’mōtoana ba hahile likolo tse makholo ho ruta batho ba sa tsebeng ho bala. Ba hahile lipetlele ho phekola batho ba kulang. ’Me ho ea bohōleng bo itseng, ba hōlisitse tlhompho bakeng sa Bibele le melao-motheo ea eona.

Empa na “bahetene” ba ’nile ba feptjoa lijo tse tiileng tsa moea tsa Lentsoe la Molimo kapa makumane a Bokreste ba bokoenehi? Na litumelo le mekhoa ea “bahetene” li lahliloe kapa li apesitsoe feela liaparo tsa “Bokreste”? Ka bokhutšoanyane, na baromuoa ba Bokreste-’mōtoana ba hapetse lipelo tsa batho ho Molimo kapa ba qobelletse “bahetene” ho khumama ka mangole ka pel’a lialetare tsa “Bokreste”?

Motho ea sokolleloang Bokresteng ba bokoenehi o eketsa libe tsa hae tsa nako e fetileng tsa ho se tsebe ka libe tse ncha tsa boikaketsi ba Bokreste, ka ho etsa joalo o menahanya molato oa hae habeli. Ka hona, ho Bokreste-’mōtoana, mantsoe a Jesu a loketse: “Le tsamaea le leoatle le lefatše ho etsa morutuoa a le mong, ’me ebe joale le mo etsa ea loketseng timelo ka makhetlo a mabeli ho fetisa lōna.”—Mattheu 23:15, Phillips.

Ka ho hlakileng Bokreste-’mōtoana bo hlōlehile ho finyella phephetso ea ho etsa barutuoa ba Bakreste. Na bo atlehile hamolemonyana ka tsela leha e le efe ho finyella phephetso ea phetoho ea lefatše? Sehlooho sa rōna se latelang, “Bokreste-’mōtoana bo Loana le Phetoho ea Lefatše” se tla arabela potso eo.

[Setšoantšo se leqepheng la 26]

Baromuoa bana ba sebele ba Bakreste Dominican Republic ba finyella pelo, e seng mangole feela