Bokhukhuni bo Fetola Maoa
Lekhetlo la ho qetela ha ho ne ho buuoa ka sehlooho sa bokhukhuni sekoahelong sa koranta ena, ho ne ho hlahisitsoe setšoantšo se tloaelehileng—sa babolai ba ikoahetseng lifahleho ba nkileng lithunya ka mor’a ho phatloha ho hoholo ha seqhomane. Leha ho le joalo, matsatsing ana boemo bo fapane.
KA SHOALANE, mokoloko oa literaka o tsamaea ka lenyele har’a matlo. Literaka tsena li ema pel’a mohaho oa sekolo. Ka potlako, sehlopha se koetlisitsoeng sa banna ba roetseng limaske tse sireletsang motho monkong oa khase ba bile ba apere lisutu tse ba sireletsang lik’hemik’haleng se kena har’a lihlahla. Ntho feela eo se e tsebang ke hore ho phatlohile seqhomane se senyenyane nakong ea lipapali lebaleng la lipapali la sekolo, sa qhala mosi o ileng oa kulisa matšoele a shebeletseng. Ba sebelisana le ba lefapha la maemo a tšohanyetso, banna bana ba bane ba kena ba le hlokolosi sebakeng seo ho phatlohileng ho sona ho fumana hore na ho etsahetse eng. Seqhomane seo se ntšitse eng? Koatsi? Khase e thethefatsang methapo ea kutlo?
Banna bana ba leba lebaleng ba tsamaea butle, ba tla ba nkile thepa e fapa-fapaneng ea ho hlahloba lik’hemik’hale. Ba fihla kamoreng e nyenyane moo ba fumanang masalla a seqhomane. Mosebetsi oa bona o ba hloka hore ba be hlokolosi, ho hlokahala hore ba sebelise lithulusi tse nyenyane tsa ho hlahloba le ho suthisa thepa e boima.
Ho e-s’o ee kae, limaske tsa bona li tlala moholi. Boiteko ba bona boa khathatsa, esita le ho banna ba koetliselitsoeng ho etsa seo. Leha ho le joalo, masalla a seqhomane seo a tsebahala le pele metsotso e leshome e fela. Rak’hemiste ea nang le bona o netefatsa hore “seqhomane sena se ne se e-na le koatsi.”
Maoa a Fetohileng a Bokhukhuni
Ketsahalo ena e ne e se kotsi joalokaha e tlalehiloe. E ne e mpa e le koetliso e hlahlobang hore na sehlopha seo se tla etsa joang boemong ba sebele ha ho bile le tlhaselo ea khase ka leboea New York. Sehlopha sena ke se seng sa Lihlopha Tse Sireletsang Sechaba Libetseng Tse ka Timetsang Batho ba Bangata tse sa tsoa thehoa. Lihlopha tse joalo li abetsoe hore li hlahlobe sepheo le ho ba kotsi ha mofuta o mocha oa tlhaselo ea likhukhuni ka ho hlahloba likokoana-hloko leha e le life tse belaetsang, lik’hemik’hale kapa lintho tse nang le mahlaseli a kotsi.
Sehlopha sena ke se seng sa tse ngata lefatšeng ka bophara tse thehiloeng hore li sebetsane le litšokelo le mathata a bokhukhuni a seng a hlaha ka litsela tse fapaneng.a Liketsahalo tsa lilemong tsa morao tjena li bontša hore liketso tsa bokhukhuni tse etsoang ke lihlopha tse ikemetseng kapa batho ka bomong ba chesehang ka ho feteletseng lia eketseha. Le hoja likhukhuni tse ngata li ntse li lebisa tlhaselo ea tsona likampong tsa masole le liofising tsa baemeli ba ’muso, tse ling li se li kenyelelitse lethathamong la tsona litlhaselo tsa seo li se bitsang liphofu tse hlaselehang habonolo, tse kang litsamaiso tse khōlō tsa lipalangoang, liketsahalo tsa lipapali, libaka tse phetheselang tsa metse ea litoropo, lihotele le libaka tsa bahahlauli.
Ha a tiisa phetoho e teng boitšoarong ba likhukhuni, Porter Goss, molula-setulo oa U.S. House Intelligence Committee, o hlokometse: “Re tl’o fetola tsela eo re neng re nahana ka eona pele ka likhukhuni tse tšehetsoang ke mebuso ’me re nahane ho latela maoa a macha a bokhukhuni. Re tobane le bokhukhuni bo eketsehang ba batho ba loanelang ho itseng.”
Ho hlaha ha bokhukhuni ka maoa a macha ho akarelletsa liketso le maqheka ao ho ka ’nang ha e-ba boima ho a thibela kapa ho a loantša. Likhukhuni li khona ho sebelisa theknoloji e ncha ka ho pharaletseng le ho e lefella ka bolokolohi ka tsela e sireletsehileng. USA Today ea tlaleha: “Theknoloji e ncha ea lik’homphieutha le ea mecha ea puisano le ho hokahana ha tsona le tlōlo ea molao e hlophisitsoeng li etsa hore ho be thata le ho feta ho loantša bokhukhuni.” Maoa a macha a boetse a akarelletsa liphofu tse ncha, ho qobella batlalehi le bahlahlobisisi ba litaba hore ba iqapele lipolelo tse kang “bokhukhuni ka tšebeliso ea k’homphieutha,” “bokhukhuni ka tšebeliso ea lik’hemik’hale tse kotsi” le “bokhukhuni lebitsong la tikoloho.”
Maoa aa a macha a bokhukhuni a sokela hakae? Na ho sireletseha ha hao ho kotsing? Na ho na le tharollo bakeng sa seoa sa bokhukhuni ba machaba? Lihlooho tse latelang li tla fana ka leseli le itseng lipotsong tsena.
[Mongolo o botlaaseng ba leqephe]
a Maikutlo a hore na bokhukhuni ke eng a fapane haholo. Ka mohlala, linaheng tse tsekolotsoeng ke ntoa ea lehae, liketso tsa pefo tsa mokha o mong khahlanong le o mong li ka ’na tsa nkoa e le karolo ea ntoa kapa tsa nkoa e le bokhukhuni, ho tsoa feela ka hore na li talingoa ke lehlakore lefe. Letotong la lihlooho tsena, lentsoe “bokhukhuni” le sebelisitsoe haholo ho hlalosa pefo e sebelisoang e le mokhoa oa ho qobella hore ho etsoe ntho e itseng.
[Lebokose/’Mapa o leqepheng la 12, 13]
(Ha u batla ho bona boitsebiso bo hlophisitsoeng hantle, sheba sengoliloeng)
Lilemo Tse Leshome Tsa BOKHUKHUNI
1. Buenos Aires, Argentina
La 17 March, 1992
Bomo e chehiloeng ka koloing e qhaqha Ofisi ea Boemeli ba Naha ea Iseraele. Ba shoeleng: 29. Ba tsoileng likotsi: 242
2. Algiers, Algeria
La 26 August, 1992
Bomo ea qhoma lebaleng la lifofane la machaba. Ba shoeleng: 12. Ba tsoileng likotsi: bonyane ba 128
3. New York City, United States
La 26 February, 1993
Batho ba chesehelang bolumeli ka ho feteletseng ba phatlola bomo e khōlō haufi le mohaho oa World Trade Center. Ba shoeleng: 6. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba ka bang 1 000
4. Matsumoto, Japane
La 27 June, 1994
Litho tsa sehlopha sa Aum Shinrikyo li nyanyatsa khase ea sarin sebakeng sa bolulo. Ba shoeleng: 7. Ba tsoileng likotsi: 270
5. Tokyo, Japane
La 20 March, 1995
Litho tsa Aum Shinrikyo li ea li nkile liphutheloana tse tšeletseng litereneng tsa Tokyo tse tsamaeang ka tlas’a lefatše, li bulela khase e bolaeang ea sarin. Ba shoeleng: 12. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba fetang 5 000
6. Oklahoma City, United States
La 19 April, 1995
Bomo e chehiloeng terakeng ea phatloha mohahong oa ’muso. Batho ba chesehelang meetlo ho tlōlisa ke bona ba behoang molato. Ba shoeleng: 168. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba fetang 500
7. Colombo, Sri Lanka
La 31 January, 1996
Likhukhuni tsa morabe o itseng li sutumeletsa teraka e jereng liqhomane bankeng. Ba shoeleng: 90. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba fetang 1 400
8. London, Engelane
La 9 February, 1996
Likhukhuni tsa Ireland li phatlola bomo karacheng eo likoloi li pakang ho eona. Ba shoeleng: 2. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba fetang 100
9. Jerusalema, Iseraele
La 25 February, 1996
Motho ea batlang ho ipolaea hammoho le ba bang ka bomo o phatlola bese. Ho belaelloa balumeli ba chesehang ka ho feteletseng. Ba shoeleng: 26. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba ka bang 80
10. Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
La 25 June, 1996
Teraka ea peterole e jereng bomo ea phatloha ka ntle ho mehaho ea sesole sa United States. Ba shoeleng: 19. Ba tsoileng likotsi: 515
11. Phnom Penh, Cambodia
La 30 March, 1997
Bahlaseli ba akhela liqhomane tse ’nè mokolokong oa batho ba ipelaetsang. Ba shoeleng: ba ka bang 16. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba fetang 100
12. Coimbatore, India
Ka la 14 February, 1998
Letoto la libomo le phatloloa ke balumeli ba mabifi haholo. Ba shoeleng: 43. Ba tsoileng likotsi: 200
13. Nairobi, Kenya le Dar es Salam, Tanzania
La 7 August, 1998
Liofisi tsa Boemeli tsa Naha ea United States li phatloloa ka libomo. Ba shoeleng: 250. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba fetang 5 500
14. Colombia
La 18 October le la 3 November, 1998
Tlhaselo e ’ngoe ka libomo le e ’ngoe ka limisaele. Liphaephe tse tsamaisang oli ke tsona tse neng li korotsoe tlhaselong ea pele. Ba shoeleng: 209. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba fetang 130
15. Moscow, Russia
La 9 le la 13 September, 1999
Liqhomane tse peli tse khōlō li soahlamanya mehaho e ’meli ea lifolete tsa bolulo. Ba shoeleng: 212. Ba tsoileng likotsi: ba fetang 300
[Litlhaloso Tsa Moo Litšoantšo li Nkiloeng Teng]
Mohloli: The Interdisciplinary Center, Herzliya, Iseraele
Mountain High Maps® Copyright © 1997 Digital Wisdom, Inc.
Victor Grubicy/Sipa Press
[Lebokose/Setšoantšo se leqepheng la 14]
Litlhaselo ka K’homphieutha
Ka March 1999: Litlaleho li bontša hore lik’homphieutha tsa Pentagon li ’nile tsa e-ba tlas’a tlhaselo “e kopanetsoeng le e hlophisitsoeng” ea bo-ntšunye-khare. Letsatsi le leng le le leng, tsamaiso ea lik’homphieutha ea Lefapha la U.S. Defense le tlaleha litlhaselo tse 60 ho ea ho tse 80 tse etsoang ke litsebi tsa ho senya.
Bohareng ba 1999: Nakong ea likhoeli tse tharo, litsebi tsa ho senya tse khahlanong le ’muso li ile tsa khona ho kena ka tsela e seng molaong mecheng ea boitsebiso ea Internet ea Senate sa United States, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Lebotho la Ntoa la United States, White House le mafapheng a ’maloa a kabinete United States.
Ka January 2000: Lefatšeng ka bophara, ho tlalehoa hore likhoebo li sebelisitse chelete e kaalo ka liranta tse limilione tse likete li 93 selemong se fetileng ho loantša “bokhukhuni moruong” bo etsoang ka ho sebelisa vaerase e kotsi ea k’homphieutha.
Ka August 2000: Setsebi sa ho senya se ile sa phunyelletsa mecha ea boitsebiso ea Internet ea lekala la ’muso le la balaoli United Kingdom.