kēlvi 2
endhavoru uyiriyum saadhaarana uyiriyaa?
ungal udalil ulla 200-kkum adhigamaana sel vagaigal tharcheyalaai thōndriyirukka mudiyumaa?
indha andatthilulla migavum sikkalaana vadivamaippugalil ungal udalum ondru. adhu sumaar 100 latcham kōdi nunniya selgalaal aanadhu; elumbu selgal, rattha selgal, mūlai selgal aagiyavai avatril sila.7 sollappōnaal, ungal udalil 200-kkum adhigamaana sel vagaigal irukkindrana.8
selgalin palvagai vadivamum seyalpaadum malaikka vaippadhaai irundhaalum avai sikkalaana, orunginaindha valaippinnal pōl iyangugindrana. selgaludan oppidumpōdhu, latchōba latcha kampyūttargalaiyum adhivēga dēttaa kēbilgalaiyum orunginaikkum intarnet ondrumē illai. selgalin seyalthiran miga vēgamaanadhu, asaadhaaranamaanadhu! manidhan kandupidittha endha adhinavīna tholilnutpamum migavum saadhaarana selgalōdukūda pōttipōda mudiyaadhu. sari, manidha udalilulla indha selgal eppadi vandhana?
vinnyaanigal palar enna solgiraargal? uyir selgal anaitthaiyum irandu periya pirivugalaaga vagaippadutthalaam: ondru niyūkliyas (utkaru) ullavai, matrondru niyūkliyas illaadhavai. manidha, vilangu, thaavara selgalil niyūkliyas irukkiradhu. baaktīriyaa selgalil niyūkliyas illai. niyūkliyas ulla selgal yūgēriyōttik selgal ena alaikkappadugindrana. niyūkliyas illaadha selgal prōgēriyōttik selgal ena alaikkappadugindrana. yūgēriyōttik selgalōdu oppidumpōdhu prōgēriyōttik selgal andhalavu sikkalaanavai alla. adhanaal, vilangu matrum thaavara selgal baaktīriyaa selgalilirundhu parinamitthirukkalaam ena anēgar nambugiraargal.
sollappōnaal, “saadhaarana” prōgēriyōttik selgal kōdikkanakkaana aandugalaaga matra selgalai vilungina endrum, aanaal avatrai jīranikkavillai endrum palar karpikkiraargal. adhumattumalla, vilungappatta selgalin seyalpaattil adhiradi maatrangalai seivadharkum... avatrai vilungiya selgal panmadangaai perugiyapōdhu avatrai veliyē vidaamal thakkavaitthukkolvadharkum... butthikkūrmaiyatra “iyarkai” vali kandupiditthadhu endrum avargal karpikkiraargal.9a
baibil enna solgiradhu? būmiyilulla uyirgal anaitthum butthikkūrmaiyulla oruvarin kaivannam endru baibil kūrugiradhu. baibil tharum thelivaana vilakkatthai gavaniyungal: “ovvoru vīdum yaarō oruvaraal undaakkappadugiradhu, aanaal ellaavatraiyum undaakkiyavar kadavulē.” (ebireyar 3:4) kadavulai patri matroru baibil vasanam solgiradhu: “aandavarē! [yegōvaavē] um vēlaippaadugal etthanai etthanai! nīr anaitthaiyum nyaanatthōdu seidhullīr! būvulagam um padaippugalaal niraindhulladhu. . . . siriyanavum periyanavumaaga vaalum uyirinangal ennirandhana.”—sangīdham [thiruppaadalgal] 104:24, 25, podhu molipeyarppu.
“saadhaarana” oru selkūda uyirillaa rasaayanangalilirundhu vandhirukka mudiyumaa?
atthaatchi enna kaattugiradhu? indru nunnuyiriyal (microbiology) thuraiyil maaberum valarchi ērpattulladhu; adhanaal, idhuvarai kandupidikkappattadhilēyē migavum saadhaarana uyir selgalaana prōgēriyōttik selgalin viyatthagu ulagai ūduruvi paarkka mudindhirukkiradhu. mudhanmudhalil uruvaana uyir selgal indha selgalai pōlatthaan irundhirukka vēndumena parinaama vinnyaanigal kūrugiraargal.10
parinaama kōtpaadu unmaiyendraal, mudhanmudhalil uruvaana andha “saadhaarana” sel eppadi tharcheyalaai thōndriyadhu enbadharku nyaayamaana vilakkatthai adhu alikka vēndum. marubatchatthil, uyir padaikkappattadhendraal, miga siriya uyirinangalilkūda nutpamaana vadivamaippukku atthaatchi irukka vēndum. ippōdhu, oru prōgēriyōttik sellukkul sendru sutrippaarkkalaamaa? appadi sutrippaarkkumpōdhu, sel tharcheyalaai thōndriyirukkumaa ena ungalaiyē kēttukkollungal.
sellin paadhugaappu suvar
prōgēriyōttik sellukkul sendru sutrippaarkka vēndumendraal, indha vaakkiyatthin mudivilulla pulliyaivida nūtrukkanakkaana madangu siriya uruvamaai nīngal maara vēndum. andha sellin ullē ungalai nulaiyavidaamal thaduppadhu kadinamaana adhē samayatthil negilum thanmaiyudaiya javvu; idhu, oru tholirchaalaiyai sutriyulla balamaana madhirchuvarai pōl seyalpadugiradhu. ondranmēl ondraai 10,000 javvugalai adukki vaitthaal avai oru kaagithatthin dhadiman alavukkutthaan varum; sellin javvu andhalavu melliyadhu. aanaal, oru sellin javvu oru madhirchuvaraivida adhiga nutpamaanadhu. ennenna vidhangalil?
oru tholirchaalaiyai sutriyulla suvarai pōl, oru sellin javvum adharkul iruppavatrai aabatthaana sūlalilirundhu paadhugaakkiradhu. endraalum, indha javvu gettiyaana porul alla; aaksijan pōndra siriya mūlakkūrugal adharkul sellavum veliyēravum adhu anumadhikkiradhu. aanaal, migavum sikkalaana, aabatthaana mūlakkūrugalai sellin anumadhiyindri ullē viduvadhillai. adhēsamayam payanulla mūlakkūrugal sellaivittu veliyēruvadhaiyum idhu thadukkiradhu. ippadippatta saagasangalai indha javvu eppadi purigiradhu?
mīndum andha tholirchaalaiyin udhaaranatthai edutthukkollungal. tholirchaalaiyin madhirchuvarilulla vaayirkadhavugal valiyaaga ullē/veliyē kondu sellappadum porutkalai kangaanippadharku kaavalkaarargal iruppaargal. adhēpōl sellin javvu mīdhulla visēsha prōttīn mūlakkūrugal vaayirkadhavugalaagavum kaavalkaarargalaagavum seyalpadugindrana.
kurippitta porulgalai mattumē sellukku ullē/veliyē kondu sella anumadhippadharku sel javvil “kaavalkaarargal” irukkiraargal
indha prōttīngal (1) silavatrin naduvil thuvaaram irukkum; kurippitta vagaiyaana mūlakkūrugal mattumē ullē sellavum veliyē pōgavum adhu anumadhikkum. vērusila prōttīngal selludaiya javvin oru pakkatthil mattumē thirandhirukkum, (2) marupakkatthil mūdiyirukkum. oru kurippitta vadivamulla porul mattum nulaiyum vidhatthil adhan thuvaaram (3) vadivamaikkappattirukkum. thuvaaratthil andha porul nulaiyumpōdhu prōttīnin marumunai thirandhu javvin valiyaaga adhai anuppum (4) miga saadhaarana selgalin mērpuratthildhaan itthanai vēlaigalum nadaiperugindrana.
tholirchaalaiyin ullē
ippōdhu “kaavalkaaranai” kadandhu sellin ullē nulaiya ungalukku anumadhi valangappattiruppadhaaga karpanai seidhukollungal. prōgēriyōttik sel thannīr pōndra thiravatthaal nirappappattulladhu. andha thiravatthil ūttangalum, uppugalum, pira porutkalum niraindhullana. indha kūttupporulgalai payanpadutthi andha sel thanakku thēvaiyaanavatrai urpatthi seigiradhu. aanaal, ivaiyellaam ēnōdhaanōvendru nadappadhillai. nangu iyangum oru tholirchaalaiyai pōl indha sel olungaana rīdhiyil seyalpadugiradhu. adhanaaldhaan aayirakkanakkaana vēdhi vinaigal kurippitta varisaiyil thittavattamaana kaala nirnayappadi adharkul nadaiperugindrana.
prōttīngalai urpatthi seivadhilēyē oru sel perumbaalaana nēratthai selavidugiradhu. eppadi urpatthi seigiradhu? mudhalaavadhaaga, sumaar 20 adippadai kūrugalai, adhaavadhu aminō amilangalai, adhu uruvaakkugiradhu. pinbu indha aminō amilangal raibōsōmgalidam (5) kondu sellappadugindrana. indha raibōsōmgal thaaniyangi iyandhirangalai pōl seyalpadugindrana; oru kurippitta vagai prōttīnai urpatthi seivadharku thittavattamaana muraiyil aminō amilangalai ondrōdu ondru inaikkindrana. oru tholirchaalaiyin iyakkangal ellaam oru maiya kampyūttar prōgraaminaal kattuppadutthappaduvadhu pōlavē, oru sellin palvēru seyalpaadugal “kampyūttar prōgraam” pōl alladhu sangēdha moli pōl seyalpadum DNA-vinaal (6) kattuppadutthappadugindrana. endha prōttīnai uruvaakka vēndum, eppadi uruvaakka vēndum pōndra vilaavaariyaana thagavalgalin nagalai DNA-vidamirundhu raibōsōmgal perugindrana (7).
prōttīn thayaarippadharkaaga nadaiperum seyalgal edhuvum saadhaarana seyalgal alla! ovvoru prōttīnum thanitthanmai vaaindha mupparimaana vadivatthil madangikkolgindrana (8). indha vadivatthin adippadaiyilēyē ovvoru prōttīnum seiya vēndiya visēsha vēlai thīrmaanikkappadugiradhu.b ippōdhu, oru tholirchaalaiyin ‘prodakshan lainil’ iyandhirangalin udhiri paagangal ondranpin ondraaga inaikkappaduvadhai karpanai seidhu paarungal. andha iyandhiram iyanga vēndumendraal adhan ovvoru paagamum kachidhamaaga thayaarikkappada vēndum. adhupōla, oru prōttīnin ovvoru paagamum kachidhamaaga thayaarikkappattu sariyaana vadivatthil madikkappadavillai endraal, adhanaal than vēlaiyai sariyaaga seiya mudiyaadhu, innum sollappōnaal adhu sellaiyē sidhaitthuvidalaam.
oru prōttīn urpatthiyaagum idatthilirundhu adhu pōga vēndiya idatthai eppadi kandupidikkiradhu? sel urpatthi seiyum ovvoru prōttīn mīdhum oru “mugavari sīttu” irukkum; idhilirundhu andha prōttīn pōi sēra vēndiya idatthai therindhukollum. oru nimidatthirku aayirakkanakkaana prōttīngal thayaarikkappattu anuppappattaalum ovvoru prōttīnum sariyaana idatthirku pōi sērum.
sel “tholirchaalai”—prōttīngal thayaarikkappadum vidham: thaaniyangi tholirchaalaiyai pōl, sellukkul ulla pala iyandhirangal sikkalaana porulgalai ondrōdondru inaitthu uriya idatthirku anuppugindrana
indha unmaigal ēn mukkiyam? migavum saadhaarana uyirinangalil ulla sikkalaana mūlakkūrugal thaanaagavē ennikkaiyil peruga mudiyaadhu. sellukku veliyē irundhaal avai sidhaindhuvidum. sellukku ullē sikkalaana matra mūlakkūrugalin udhaviyindri avatraal peruga mudiyaadhu. udhaaranamaaga, adinōsin traifaasfēt (ATP) endra visēsha aatral mūlakkūrai urpatthi seiya ensaimgal thēvai; ensaimgalai urpatthi seiya ATP-yidamirundhu aatral thēvai. adhēpōl, ensaimgalai urpatthi seiya DNA thēvai (indha mūlakkūrai patri 3-aam paagam sindhikkum); DNA-vai urpatthi seiya ensaimgal thēvai. adhōdu, oru sellinaal mattumē vērusila prōttīngalai urpatthi seiya mudiyum, adhēsamayam, prōttīngal irundhaaldhaan oru sel uruvaaga mudiyum.c
padaippai patriya baibilin vivarappadhivai nunnuyiriyal vallunar raadu pōppaa ētrukkolvadhillai. endraalum, 2004-aam aandil avar ivvaaru kēttaar: “ellaa sūlnilaigalaiyum kattuppaattukkul vaitthu parisōdhanai seidhapōdhukūda nammaal uyirai uruvaakka mudiyavillai; appadiyirukkumpōdhu iyarkaiyaal eppadi uyirai uruvaakka mudiyum?”13 avar mēlum ivvaaru kūrinaar: “ōr uyir sellai iyakkuvadharkaana seyalmuraigal atthanai sikkalaaga iruppadhaal avai anaitthum orē samayatthil tharcheyalaai thōndruvadharku saatthiyamē illai.”14
urudhiyaana asthivaaram illaadha indha uyaramaana kattidam sarindhu vilumaanaal, uyirin thōtratthai patri thelivaaga vilakka mudiyaadha parinaama kōtpaadum norungividumdhaanē?
nīngal enna ninaikkirīrgal? dheivīga thalaiyīdu illaamal būmiyil uyir thōndriyadhu endru parinaama kōtpaadu solgiradhu. aanaal, uyirai patri vinnyaanigal endhalavukku adhigadhigamaaga aaraaichi seigiraargalō andhalavukku adhu thaanaaga thōndriyirukka mudiyaadhu enbadhai therindhukolgiraargal. indha muranpaattai samaalippadharku, parinaama kōtpaadum uyirin thōtramum vevvēru endru parinaama vinnyaanigal silar kūrugiraargal. aanaal, idhu ungalukku nyaayamaaga thōndrugiradhaa?
ondranpin ondraaga thodarchiyaai ērpatta pala saadhagamaana, thidīr maatrangalaal uyir thōndriyadhu endra karutthin adippadaiyildhaan parinaama kōtpaadu uruvaanadhu. pinbu, adutthadutthu ērpatta innum pala thidīr maatrangalaal viyakkavaikkum palvagai uyirinangalum avatrin sikkalaana thanmaiyum uruvaayina endru andha kōtpaadu kūrugiradhu. parinaama kōtpaattukku endhavoru asthivaaramum illaiyendraal, indha anumaanatthai adippadaiyaaga vaitthu uruvaana matra kōtpaadugalin gadhi enna? endhavoru uyarndha kattidamum asthivaaram illaiyendraal idindhuvilum. adhupōlavē, uyirin thōtratthai patri vilakka mudiyaadha parinaama kōtpaadum norungividum.
“saadhaarana” oru sellin amaippaiyum seyalpaattaiyum surukkamaaga aaraaindha pinbu nīngal enna mudivukku varugirīrgal? pala thidīr maatrangalaal uyir thōndriyadhu endraa alladhu butthikkūrmaiyulla oruvaraal vadivamaikkappattadhu endraa? innum ungalukku kulappamaaga irukkiradhendraal, sellin seyalpaadugalai kattuppadutthum “maastar prōgraamai” aaraaindhu paarungal.
a ippadi nigala mudiyum enbadhai endhavoru parisōdhanaiyum nirūbikkavillai.
b selgalaal thayaarikkappadum prōttīngalukku ōr udhaaranamdhaan ensaimgal (nodhigal). ovvoru ensaimum oru kurippitta vēdhi vinaiyai ūkkuvippadharku visēsha muraiyil madikkappadugiradhu. selgalin vēlaigalai olungamaippadharku nūtrukkanakkaana ensaimgal orunginaindhu seyalpadugindrana.