Tshɔngu ya lo lɛvirɛ yekɔ mɛtɛ ehekesa. Yɔ kongɛma dimɛna la noyau kelɛwɔ ADN wasala dia mɛmba ndo ntshikitanya wa molécules—awui asɔ tshɛ wekɔ ohomba efula lo lɔsɛnɔ la tshɔngu.
Wetshelo wakondjaso oma lo diangɔ diasɛna
Diangɔ diasɛna mbolaka, kɛndakɛndaka ndo fulanɛka ahole tshɛ. Diɔ mbetɛka planɛtɛ kaso dihole dia laande dia olangala efula. Ndo ɛlɔ kɛnɛ anto wamboleka mbeya awui efula wendana la diangɔ diasɛna oleki nshi ya ntondo. Kakɔna katotɛ lɔsɛnɔ lo kɛnɛ kendana la kiɔkɔ yalɔ? Tɔsɛdingole awui wayela anɛ.
Woho wele diangɔ diasɛna hamanema mfundo mɛnyaka dia diɔ diakatongama. Diangɔ diasɛna diakakengama oma lo totenyi ta totshitshɛ telamɛ tɔtshɔngu. Tshɔngu tshɛ pombaka nsala awui efula wa wolo dia ɛngɔ kasɛna tetemala nsɛna ndo fulanɛ. Ngasɔ mbahombadiɔ salema oyadi kaanga le ɛngɔ ka tshitshɛ kele la lɔsɛnɔ. Ɛnyɛlɔ, tshɔngu tshɛ ya lo lɛvirɛ yakambawɔ layɔ dia nsala mapa, yekɔ etongami ka tshitshɛ efula kele la lɔsɛnɔ. Lo mbɛdika la tshɔngu y’onto mɛnamaka dia tshɔngu ya lo lɛvirɛ yekɔ tshitshɛ efula. Koko yɔ yekɔ ɛngɔ kaha manema mfundo. ADN tanemaka l’atei wa tshɔngu tshɛ. Ndo nto, tshɔngu tshɛ yekɔ la “woho ɔmɔtshi” wasalayɔ dia nkondja mbo ya ndɛ yele layɔ ohomba dia nsɛna. Naka ndooko diangɔ dia ndɛ, wolo wa tshɔngu kitakitaka ndo mongaka ko hayokamba aya oko ambolala djɔ. Diakɔ diele lɛvirɛ koka mombama edja efula lo nkuku ko lɔ ndjokondja wolo etena kayowoyokamba la lɔ dia nsala mapa.
Ambeyi wa siansɛ wambeka tɔtshɔngu ta lo lɛvirɛ l’edja k’ɛnɔnyi efula, l’oyango wa vɔ nshihodia tɔtshɔngu t’anto dimɛna. Koko ekɔ awui efula wahawatashihodia. Ross King, ombetsha ɔmɔtshi wa l’inivɛrsite wa Teknoloji wa Chalmers la Suède mbutaka ɔnɛ: “Ase bioloji bu efula dia nsala eyangelo dia nshihodia woho wakamba kaanga lɛvirɛ.”
Etena kakanyiyayɛ woho wele kaanga yangangɔ ya tshitshɛ yele oko lɛvirɛ hamanema mfundo, onde wɛ fɔnyaka dia ɛngɔ kɛsɔ kakatongama oma le onto ɔmɔtshi? Onde wɛ fɔnyaka dia tshɔngu ya lo lɛvirɛ yakaye oyaya?
Lɔsɛnɔ kokaka ndja paka oma lo lɔsɛnɔ. ADN wakasalema la molécule welɛwɔ nucléotides. Tshɔngu tshɛ y’onto yekɔ la nucléotides miliyara 3.2. Diangɔ sɔ kengama lo yoho ya shikaa dia tshɔngu ntondja enzymes ndo protéines.
Ambewi wa siansɛ mbutaka dia naka nucléotides shɔ ndja kaamɛ mbala miliyara, kete yɔ koka monga l’akoka wa nkenga ADN paka mbala ɔtɔi. Mɛnamaka dia dui dia ngasɔ hakoke salema.
Kɛnɛ kele mɛtɛ ele, ndooko eyangelo wendana la awui wa siansɛ wambɛnya dia lɔsɛnɔ koka ndja mbala kakɔ ɔtɔi oma l’ɛngɔ kele bu la lɔsɛnɔ.
Lɔsɛnɔ l’onto lekɔ ɛngɔ ka laande. Tekɔ l’akoka watokimanyiya dia ngɛnangɛna la lɔsɛnɔ tshɛ lo tshɛ ndo lo toho tele ndooko diangɔ dikina diele la lɔsɛnɔ diakoka nsala ngasɔ. Tekɔ l’akoka wa nsala diangɔ, wa nkenga atshunda ndo wa mboka. Sho ngɛnangɛnaka efula alɛtɔ, solo, wendjo w’awui, kulɛrɛ ndo awui wɛnaso. Sho ndjakongɛka dikambo dia nshi yayaye ndo sho nyangaka dia mbeya oyango wele la lɔsɛnɔ.
Afɔnyayɛ? Onde awui asɔ wakaye leso l’ɔtɛ weso l’ohomba awɔ dia ntshikala la lɔsɛnɔ ndo fulanɛ? Kana onde vɔ mɛnyaka dia lɔsɛnɔ lekɔ woshasha w’oma le Otungi aso wa ngandji?