Kiɔkɔ ya wetshelo w’ɔnɛ: anima havu

“Ndoko dikambo diendana la diewo di’onto diambokotola yambalo yande efula oko dia mbeya nganɛ wongande l’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi.”​—“ENCYCLOPÉDIE DE LA RELIGION ET DE L’ÉTHIQUE.” (ANGL.)

1-3. Ngande wakafudia Socrate nde la Platon kanyi y’ɔnɛ anima havu?

WAKAFUNDE nomb’ewo kɛmɔtshi k’ɛnɔnyi 70 kaki ndo ombetsha vate nde halɛmiya Nzambi ndo fukutanyaka timba t’ɛlɔngɔlɔngɔ la wetshelo ande. Kânga mbakandayâtɛkɛtɛ hakoke lam’akawôlomboyaka, toshushi takôhindɛ onongo ko wakôfundɛ nyɔi. Eshidi ɛmɔtshi la ntondo ka vɔ mbôdiaka, ombetsha ɔsɔ w’osombe mbashande ambeki wakatshumana lalende lokema la tolembetelo tɛnya ɔnɛ anima havu, omalɔkɔ hatohombe mboka nyɔi wɔma.

² Pami kakɔ kakawafundɛ nyɔi kɛsɔ lokombo lande Socrate, filozofɛ k’Ose Ngirika kakeyamaka efula l’eleko ka tanu N.T.D.a Ombeki ande le Platon mbakakɔndɔla awui asɔ l’abuku ande anɛ: Apologie la Phaedo. Socrate nde la Platon wakɔsama l’ɔnɔngɔ w’anto wa ntondo wakatondja kanyi y’ɔnɛ anima havu. Koko aha vɔ mbakahɔhɔla wetshelo ɔsɔ.

³ Oko ayotodiɛna, kanyi shɔ y’ɔnɛ anima havu yakatɔngɔ lo nshi y’edjedja edjedja. Koko, Socrate nde la Platon wakayofudia kanyi yakɔ ko ndjoyikadimula otsha lo wetshelo wa filozofi, lâsɔ kakayoleka kanyi yakɔ kotola yambalo y’ambeyi a mukanda wa lo nshi shɔ ndo wa lo nshi y’otsha la ntondo.

Oma lo wetshelo waki Pythagore polo lo wokelo wa Piramidɛ

4. La ntondo ka Socrate, kanyi yakɔna yaki l’Ase Ngirika lo dikambo dia Andja-Okina?

⁴ Ndo Ase Ngirika waki la ntondo ka Socrate la Platon mbaketawɔka ɔnɛ anima tetemalaka sɛna l’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi. Pythagore, ombeyi w’akumi w’Ose Ngirika lakasɛnaka l’eleko ka samalo N.T.D., akasuyaka ate anima havu ndo mbɔtɔka lo ditongami dikina. La ntondo kande, Thalès ka la Milet, ɔnɛ lakeyamaka ɔnɛ nde kele filozofɛ ka ntondo k’Ose Ngirika, akakanaka ɔnɛ aha paka anto, nyama, l’esongo eto mbele l’anima wahavu koko ndo diangɔ diele oko mbolo y’atɔtɔ (aimant), nɛ dia yɔ koka kotola lowolo. Ase Ngirika wa lo nshi ya ntondo wakataka ɔnɛ anima a wanɛ wakavu wakatehɔka ɔkɛdi welɛwɔ Styx otsha lo ngelo ka woke ka l’odimu. Lɛkɔ, toshushi tɔsɛka anima ɛmɔtshi tɛdikɔ ta mbadja lo lokanu lodingami la pele di’etale efula dia vɔ soyamaka, ko anima ekina tomamaka l’andja okina a dimɛna dia tɛna ɔlɔ lɛkɔ.

5, 6. Ase Pɛrɛsiya ngande wakawɔsaka anima?

⁵ L’Iran (ntondo Pɛrɛsiya), omvutshi ɔmɔtshi wakawelɛka Zoroaster akatombe lɛkɔ lo lɛkɛ l’ehotwelo ka wonya, l’eleko k’Esambele N.T.D. Nde akatondja woho ɔmɔtshi w’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wakayelamɛka ɔnɛ Zoroastrisme. Ɔsɔ aki ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wa Lɛɛta l’Ase Pɛrɛsiya, wodja wakolɛka l’andja w’otondo la ntondo ka Ngirika ndjâlɛmbia. Afundelo w’Aseka Zoroaster mbutaka ɔnɛ: “Anima w’Onto Ɔlɔlɔ wayɔngɛnangɛnaka pondjo aha la mvɔ, koko anima wa Kanga Kashi wayosoyamaka pondjo pondjo. Ɛlɛmbɛ ɛsɔ mbakadje Ahura Mazda [kitshimudi ate: “nzambi ka lomba”] lo lowandji Lande l’otondo.”

⁶ Ndo anto waki la ntondo ka Zoroaster, wanɛ waki l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wa Lɛɛta l’Ase Iran, mbaketshaka ɔnɛ anima havu. Ɛnyɛlɔ oko, dibila di’edjedja dia l’Iran diakakokɛka anima w’anto weke ka mvɔ lo mbashaka mbo ya ndɛ l’ahɔndɔ dia vɔ tɔlɔtaka ndo tɔlɛka l’odimu.

7, 8. Ase Edjibito wa ntondo akawetawɔka lo dikambo di’anima wasɛna l’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi ka demba?

⁷ Dietawɔ di’ɔnɛ onto sɛnaka l’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi aki ohomba efula l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’Ase Edjibito. Ase Edjibito wakataka ɔnɛ anima w’onto lambovɔ wayolomboyama le Osiris, nzambi kele owandji wa l’odimu. Ɛnyɛlɔ oko, dibuku dimɔtshi dia l’akatshi a nkongo diatawɔ ɔnɛ diakafundama l’eleko ka 14 N.T.D. mɛnyaka Anubis, nzambi ka wanɛ wakavu, atɛmbɛ anima waki Hunefer, ofundji w’ɛlɛmbɛ, otsha le Osiris. Ɛkɔdi ehende wakalɛndalɛndaka, ko l’ɔmɔtshi vɔ keleka doyi diaki Hunefer, djembetelo ya nkum’otema kande, ko l’ɔkɔdi okina vɔ mbidja losala dia mbɛdika la doyi diakɔ, losala lakɔ nzambi ka omoto k’akambo a mɛtɛ la losembwe mbakalisɔmɛka l’ɔtɛ. Thoth, nzambi kekina, ekɔ lo mbɛdika kilɔ. Lam’ele doyi diaki Hunefer diekɔ osadi saa nɛ dia diɔ kema l’onongo, losala lambodileka wotsho, ko wambotshika Hunefer dia nde mbɔtɔ lo ngelo kaki Osiris ndo ambokondja anima wahavu. Dibuku sɔ dia nkongo mɛnyaka nto etônto ka omoto kemadi suke la kilɔ yakɔ, akongɛ dia ndɛ ɔnɛ lakavu naka doyi diande ndeka losala wotsho. Ase Edjibito lawɔ wakonyaka edo ndo wakombe odo a waa Farawɔ lo waombo wêlɛwɔ piramidɛ, nɛ dia vɔ wakafɔnyaka ɔnɛ di’anima tetemala la sɛna, demba hahombe pɔnda.

⁸ Omalɔkɔ, atshunda efula waki lo nshi y’edjedja waki la wetshelo wâmɛ vɔ tshɛ w’ɔnɛ​—anima havu. Onde oma lo kiɔkɔ yâmɛ mbatɔngɔ wetshelo ɔsɔ?

Kiɔkɔ ya wetshelo akɔ

9. Naa ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wakonge la shɛngiya l’Edjibito w’edjedja, la Pɛrɛsiya ndo la Ngirika?

⁹ Dibuku La religion babylonienne et assyrienne mbutaka ɔnɛ: “Lo nshi y’edjedja, shɛngiya y’oma l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ w’Ase Babilɔna yakɔtɔ l’Edjibito, Pɛrɛsiya la la Ngirika.” Dibuku sɔ tetemalaka nembetshiya ɔnɛ: “Lo menda diokanelo dia ntondo diaki l’asa Edjibito la Babilɔna, oko wadiɛnya efundelo waki El-Amarna wa lo pase di’ave, waaso waki efula mɛtɛ dia tokanyi la mbekelo y’Ase Babilɔna mbɔtɔ l’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ w’Ase Edjibito. La Pɛrɛsiya, ɔtɛmwɛlɔ wa Mithra mbutaka dia shɛngiya ya kɔlɔ yele la tokanyi t’Ase Babilɔna . . . ɛlɔ kɛnɛ, nomb’ewo efula wambetawɔ woho wakasɔhana lokema la wetshelo waki waa Sɛmitɛ (Ase Asie wa lo lɛkɛ l’Edjelo) wambolola lo toshimu t’Ase Ngirika ndo l’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ awɔ ko aya ndoko ohomba w’elembetshiyelo ekina. Efula ka wetshelo ɛsɔ waki waa Sɛmitɛ wakaye oma la Babilɔna.”b

10, 11. Naa kanyi yaki l’Ase Babilɔna lo dikambo dia lɔsɛnɔ l’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi?

¹⁰ Ko shi kanyi y’Ase Babilɔna lo kɛnɛ katomba l’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi tshikitana efula la y’Ase Edjibito, y’Ase Pɛrɛsiya la y’Ase Ngirika? Tɔshi ɛnyɛlɔ ka dibuku di’Ase Babilɔna dielɛwɔ Epopée de Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh, onto la lokumu, akayakiyanya efula lo dikambo dia nyɔi, ko ndjokitɛ lo tayange anima wahavu koko kôtana. Kânga osekaseka wakasondjaka wanu wakahomana ande lo lɔkɛndɔ lande akôkeketsha dia nde tangɛnyingɛnyi lo lɔsɛnɔ lam’ekende la lumu, nɛ dia nde hatokondja lɔsɛnɔ lahakomɛki latandayange. Losango lele lo toshimu tɔsɔ tshɛ ele ɔnɛ hatokokaki mbewɔ nyɔi pondjo ndo ɔnɛ dikongelo di’anima wahavu ekɔ dɔ di’anyanya. Onde dui sɔ mɛnyaka ɔnɛ Ase Babilɔna kombetawɔka ɔnɛ Andja-Okina wekɔ?

¹¹ Morris Jastrow, Jr., ombetsha wa l’Univɛrsite wa la Pennsylvania, l’États-Unis akafunde ate: “[La Babilɔna] oyadi anto kana ewandji w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ ndoko lakafɔnyaka ɔnɛ kam’avɔ onto mbakomɛ lɔsɛnɔ. [Le wɔ] nyɔi aki oko mboka k’otsha lo woho okina wa lɔsɛnɔ, ndo naka wɛ mbuta ɔnɛ anima mvɔ̂ka, kete lâsɔ wɛ ekɔ lo keketsha lokanyi l’ɔnɛ onto hakokaki mbewɔ nyɔi, ko le wɔ nyɔi katɔla onto otsha lo lɔsɛnɔ la woho okina. Mɛtɛ, Ase Babilɔna waketawɔka nto ɔnɛ onto tetemalaka la sɛna yoho mɔtshi ya lɔsɛnɔ l’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi. Diɔ diakɔ diakawakundɛka edo la diangɔ dia vɔ tonandaka l’odimu.

12-14. (a) L’ɔkɔngɔ a Mvula k’Elola, oma lende akayɔtɔngɔ wetshelo w’ɔnɛ anima havu? (b) Ngande wakadiangana wetshelo akɔ lo nkɛtɛ k’otondo?

¹² Mɛnamaka hwe dia, wetshelo w’ɔnɛ anima havu wakamɛ la Babilɔna k’edjedja. Bible, dibuku di’ɛkɔndɔ wa mɛtɛ mbutaka ɔnɛ: Nimirɔdɛ, okana waki Nɔa, mbakâte osomba wa Babɛlɛ, kana Babilɔna.c L’ɔkɔngɔ a Mvula k’Elola ka l’andja w’otondo kakalɔ lo nshi ya Nɔa, anto tshɛ wakatɛkɛtaka ɔtɛkɛta wâmɛ ndo waki paka l’ɔtɛmwɛlɔ ɔtɔi. Lam’akandâte osomba akɔ ndo mbika etangelo lɛkɔ, Nimirɔdɛ akahɔhɔla ɔtɛmwɛlɔ okina. Ɔkɔndɔ wa lo Bible mɛnyaka ɔnɛ l’ɔkɔngɔ w’ofukutanelo w’ɛtɛkɛta la Babɛlɛ, ambiki wa luudu l’etangelo wakahekɔ ko wakahandjɔ ndo wakatatɛ la lɔsɛnɔ lokina ko vɔ mɛmba ndo ɔtɛmwɛlɔ awɔ. (Etatelu 10:6-10; 11:4-9) Ɔsɔku mbakadiangana wetshelo w’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ w’oma la Babilɔna lo nkɛtɛ k’otondo.

¹³ Ɔkɔndɔ w’ashidi mbutaka ɔnɛ Nimirɔdɛ akavu nyɔi ka kɔlɔ, wakôdiake. L’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi kande, Ase Babilɔna waki la kanyi ya mbosha nɛmɔ di’efula lande nde mbakâte osomba awɔ, mbakôhike ndo mbaki nkumekanga ka ntondo lɔkɔ. Lam’ele nzambi kakawelɛka ɔnɛ Marduk (Merodach) kaki oko ombatshi wa Babilɔna, nomb’ewɔ mɔtshi wakasha kanyi y’ɔnɛ Marduk mbele didjidji dia Nimirɔdɛ, lakawɔsaka oko nzambi. Naka ɔsɔku mbediɔ, kete kanyi y’ɔnɛ onto ekɔ l’anima wasɛna l’ɔkɔngɔ a nyɔi yakatatɛ diangana oma lo nyɔi ka Nimirɔdɛ. Lo weho tshɛ, abuku w’ɛkɔndɔ wa lɔsɛnɔ l’onto mɛnyaka ɔnɛ l’ɔkɔngɔ wa Mvula k’Elola, Babɛlɛ, kana Babilɔna mbaki kiɔkɔ ya wetshelo w’ɔnɛ anima havu.

¹⁴ Ko ngande wamboyɔsa ɛtɛmwɛlɔ efula wa lo nshi yaso nyɛ wetshelo akɔ la nɛmɔ efula? Etenyi kayela kayotɛnya woho wakawɔtɔ l’ɛtɛmwɛlɔ wa l’Ehotwelo ka wonya.

[Nɔte ya l’ɛse ka dikatshi]

[Esato wa lo lɛkɛ 6]

Kanyi y’Ase Edjibito lo dikambo dia anima l’odimu

[Osato wa lo lɛkɛ 7]

Socrate akataka ɔnɛ anima havu