Go Kanoka Ditshingwana Dingwe Tse di Tumileng
MOTHO o simolotse go itse Paradaise kwa tshingwaneng e e mo lefelong le le bidiwang Etene, gongwe gaufi le Letsha la Van la kwa gompieno e leng Turkey. Noka e e fitlhang e kgaogana maphata a le manè e ne e nosetsa tshimo ya ga Atame le Efa ba ba neng ba tshwanetse “go e baakanya le go e lebelela.” A bo e ne e le selo se se monate jang ne go tlhokomela tshingwana e mo go yone go neng go na le “setlhare sengwe le sengwe se se kgatlhang mo matlhong, le se se molemo go jewa”!—Genesise 2:8-15.
Etene e ne e le legae le le molemo tota. Atame le Efa le lotsalo lwa bone ba ne ba tshwanetse go e atolosa, kwantle ga pelaelo ba e atolosa go tsamaelana le tsela e Modimo a neng a e tlhamile ka yone kwa tshimologong. Fa go ntse go ya, lefatshe lotlhe le ne le tla nna paradaise le tletse sentle ka batho. Le fa go ntse jalo, boganana jo batsadi ba rona ba ntlha ba bo dirileng ka boomo bo ne jwa dira gore ba lelekwe mo lefelong leno le le molemolemo. Se se utlwisang botlhoko ke gore batho ba bangwe bone ba ne ba tsholelwa kwa ntle ga legae leno la Etene.
Mme gone, Mmopi o ne a diretse motho go tshelela ruri mo Paradaiseng. Ka jalo, e ne e le ga tlholego fela gore dikokomana tsa bone tse di neng di tla latela di ne di tla leka go tshela mo mafelong a a tshwanang le yone.
Ditshingwana Tsa Bogologolo
Batho bangwe ba ile ba bolela gore Ditshingwana Tsa Babelona Tsa mo Dithabeng ke dingwe tsa ditiro tse di maatlametlo tse di neng tsa dirwa ke batho ba bogologolo. Di ne tsa dirwa ke Kgosi Nebukadenesare go feta dingwaga tse 2500 tse di fetileng a di direla mosadi wa gagwe wa Momedia yo o neng a aga a tlhologelelwa dikgwa le dithota tsa nagagae ya gaabo. Dithota tseno tse di bogodimo jwa dimmetara tse 22 tse di neng di jetswe dimela tse dintsintsi, di ne di na le mmu o o lekaneng go otla ditlhare tse dikgolo thata. Gongwe kgosigadi eno e e neng e tlhoafaletse gae e ne e gomotsega fa e ntse e itsamaatsamaela mo tselaneng ya lefelo leno le le neng le tshwana le Etene.
Batho ba ne ba rata go dira ditshingwana tsa mo nageng kwa Mokgatšheng wa Nile wa kwa Egepeto. The Oxford Companion to Gardens ya re: “Egepeto ke lefelo le e leng lone la bogologolo go gaisa otlhe mo lefatsheng mo go simololeng go dira ditshingwana e bile ke lone le mokgwa wa go dira ditshingwana o sa bolong . . . go nna o dirwa kwa go lone.” Polane nngwe ya tshingwana ya molaodimogolo mongwe wa Moegepeto kwa Thebes ya mo e ka nnang ka 1400 B.C.E., e bontsha makadiba, ditsela tse di nang le ditlhare tse di tlhomagantsweng le maobonyana a tshingwana. Mo godimo ga ditshingwana tsa segosi, ditshingwana tsa tempele e ne ya nna tsone tse di dirwang ka bontsi, di na le dikgwana tsa ditlhare, dithunya le ditlhatshana tse di nosediwang ka metsi a dikanale go tswa mo makadibeng le matsha a a tletseng ka dinonyane tsa metsi, ditlhapi le dithunya tsa mashoma tsa metsi.—Bapisa Ekesodo 7:19.
Baperesia le bone ba kile ba itsiwe e le batho ba ba ratang go dira ditshingwana. Ditshingwana tsa Peresia le Egepeto di ne di kgatlha thata mo e neng ya re fa masole a ga Alexander yo Mogolo a bowa a tla a fentse a boela kwa Gerika mo lekgolong la bonè la dingwaga B.C.E., a neng a tla a tshotse dipeo tse dintsi, dimela le kitso. Kwa Athena, Aristotle le moithuti wa gagwe e bong Theophrastus ba ile ba kgobokanya mefuta e mentsintsi ya dimela mme ba itirela tshingwana, gore ba ithute dimela le go di baya go ya ka mefuta ya tsone. Bontsi jwa Bagerika ba ba humileng, fela jaaka Baegepeto le Baperesia ba pele ga bone, ba ne ba na le ditshingwana tse dintsintsi.
Baagi ba metse ya Roma ba ne ba tswakanya matlo le ditshingwana mo lefelong la motse oo le le pitlaganeng. Bahumi ba ne ba itirela diparaka tse dintle mo magaeng a bone a mo dipolasing. Tota le Nero wa mokgokgontshi o ne a batla go nna le Etene ya gagwe, ka jalo, ka bosetlhogo o ne a leleka makgolokgolo a malapa, a senya matlo a one mme a itirela paraka ya gagwe ya diheketara di le 50 go dikologa ntlo ya gagwe ya segosi. Moragonyana, mo e ka nnang ka 138 C.E., kwa ntlong ya maemo ya ga Mmusi Hadrian kwa Tivoli, kwa Roma, popego ya naga ya teng e ne ya nna ntle tota. Ntlo eo ya maemo e ne e le ya diheketara di le 243 e na le diparaka, matangwana, matsha le metswedi.
Baiseraele ba bogologolo le bone ba ne ba na le ditshingwana le diparaka. Moitsehisitori wa Mojuta e bong Josephus o kwadile a tlhalosa diparaka tse dintlentle tse di neng di tletse ka melatswana kwa lefelong le le bidiwang Etam dikilometara di ka nna 13 go ya go 16 go tswa mo Jerusalema. Paraka ya Etam e ka nna ya bo e le nngwe ya ‘ditshingwana, diparaka, makadiba le dikgwa’ tse Baebele e reng Solomone o ne a ‘di itirela.’ (Moreri 2:5, 6) Kafa ntle ga Jerusalema mo Thoteng ya Lotlhware go ne go na le Tshingwana ya Gethesemane e Jesu Keresete a dirileng gore e itsege thata. Fano, Jesu o ne a tle a tshabele koo gore a tle a kgone go rutela barutwa ba gagwe mo lefelong leo le le se nang modumo.—Mathaio 26:36; Johane 18:1, 2.
Go Tloga ka Ditshingwana Tsa Baarabia Go ya Go Tsa Baesemane
E ne ya re fa masole a Baarabia a anamela kwa botlhaba le bophirima mo lekgolong la bosupa la dingwaga C.E., le bone, fela jaaka Alexander, ba ne ba kopana le ditshingwana tsa Peresia. (Bapisa Esethere 1:5.) Howard Loxton o kwadile jaana: “Baarabia ba ne ba fitlhela ditshingwana tsa Peresia di tshwana thata le paradaise e baikanyegi ba neng ba e solofediwa e go buiwang ka yone mo Koran.” Fela jaaka tsa Seperesia, mofuta wa ditshingwana tsa Searabia, go tloga kwa kgaolong ya Ba-Moor kwa Spain go fitlha kwa Kashmir, di ne di kgaogantswe dikarolo tse nnè ke melatswana e menè e e fitlhang e kopanela mo lekadibeng kana mo sedibeng, di tshwana le dinoka tse nnè tsa Etene.
Kwa karolong e e kwa bokone ya India, gaufi le Letsha la Dal mo Mokgatšheng wa Kashmir o montle, balaodi ba Ba-Mogul ba lekgolo la bo17 la dingwaga ba ne ba jala ditshingwana tse di fetang 700 tsa sekaparadaise. Seno se ne sa dira gore go nne le mebalabala e mentle e e ralalwang ke makgolokgolo a didiba, direpudi le maphothophoto a metsi. Maobo a a agilweng ka dimmabole tse dintsho fa lotshitshing lwa Letsha la Dal ke Shah Jahan (moagi wa Taj Mahal) a sa ntse a na le mafoko ano a a kgwarintsweng jaana mo go one: “Fa e le gore go na le lefelo le go nang le paradaise mo go lone mo lefatsheng, ke fano, ke fano, ke fano.”
Makgolo a dingwaga a sekae pele ga foo, Yuropa e ne e kgabagantse Metlha ya Bogare e fetetse mo lekgolong la bo14 la dingwaga la Motlha wa Tlhabologo. Mokgwa wa go dira ditshingwana wa Baroma, o o neng wa nyelela fa Metlha ya Bogare e ne e simologa mo lekgolong la botlhano la dingwaga C.E., o ne wa simolola go ata gape—mo lobakeng lono o okametswe ke kereke. Batho ba Labokeresete ba ne ba tsaya tshingwana e le ‘paradaise ya nakwana.’ Polane ya lefelo la baitlami ya lekgolo la borobongwe la dingwaga e bontsha ditshingwana tse pedi di kwadilwe, “Paradaise.” Go ise go ye kae ke fa ditshingwana tsa Labokeresete di le dikgolo thata e bile di le dintle thata, mme go na le gore di bontshe dilo tse di kgatlhang tsa semoya, bontsi jwa tsone di ne di supa taolo le khumo.
E ne ya re fa Charles VIII wa Fora a gapa Naples, Italy, ka 1495, o ne a kwalela kwa gae a re: “Ga lo kitla lo dumela fa ke lo bolelela ka bontle jwa ditshingwana tse ke nang le tsone mono . . . Go bonala di tlhaela ka Atame le Efa fela gore e nne paradaise ya lefatshe.” Le fa go ntse jalo, fa Charles a ka bo a ile a tshela go fitlha ka lekgolo la bo17 la dingwaga, a ka bo a ile a bona ditshingwana tse dikgolo thata tsa ga Kgosi Louis XIV kwa Fora. Buka ya The Garden e a tlhomamisa gore ditshingwana tsa kwa Palace of Versailles “di sa ntse di ka bolelwa gore ke ditshingwana tse dikgolo le tse dintle go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng.”
Le fa go ntse jalo, Motlha wa Tlhabologo o ne wa tla ka ditlhaloso tse disha tsa paradaise: tlholego ke go thusa motho yo o nang le kitso go sekaenyana go laola tshingwana ka go e tlosa dilo dipe fela tse e leng tsa naga. Ditlhare le dithunya tsotlhe fela di ne tsa tlhomaganngwa ka dipopego tse di manontlhotlho. Ka gone, go kgaola ditlhare ga bogologolo ga Seroma—go kgabisa ditlhare le ditlhatshana ka go di putla le go di poma—go ile ga tlhabololwa ka tsela e e gakgamatsang.
Mme mo lekgolong la bo18 le la bo19 la dingwaga, fa go ne go ribololwa dilo mo go tsa mawatle le tsa kgwebisano, mafatshe a bophirima a ne a rutwa dimela tse disha le mekgwa e mesha ya go dira ditshingwana. Engelane e ne ya simolola go tsaya go kgabisa ditshingwana tsia. The New Encyclopædia Britannica ya re: “Mo lekgolong la bo18 la dingwaga kwa Engelane, motho o ne a simolola go lemoga dilo tse dintsi tsa tlholego tse a neng a tshela le tsone. Go na le go gagamalela go rulaganya dilo tsa tlholego go ya ka tsela ya maitirelo, o ne a simolola go akanyetsa go fetola botshelo jwa gagwe go tsamaelana le tsone.” Banna ba ba jaaka William Kent le Lancelot Brown ba ne ba nna ditswerere tota mo go kgabiseng popego ya naga. Brown o ile a kgabisa ditsha tse di fetang makgolo a mabedi kwa Engelane. Banna ba babedi ba ba neng ba nna boporesidente ba United States e bong Thomas Jefferson le John Adams, ka 1786 ba ne ba tsaya loeto lwa bojanala go ralala Engelane ba ithuta ka ditshingwana tsa Baesemane.
Go Kgabisa Popego ya Naga Kwa Botlhaba
Mokgwa wa Se-China wa go dira ditshingwana o ne wa tlhotlheletsa mokgwa wa botshelo wa dinaga tsa Botlhaba fela jaaka mekgwa ya Egepeto, Gerika le Roma e dirile ka wa dinaga tsa Bophirima. Kwa tshimologong Ba-China ba ne ba obamela dilo tsa tlholego, ba tsaya dinoka, matlapa le dithaba e le meya e e ikapesitseng dilo tseo mme ka jalo e tshwanelwa ke go tlotlwa. Morago ga foo, madumedi a Bo-Tao, Bo-Confucius le Bobuda a ne a ata kwa nageng eo mme a tlhagisa mefuta ya one ya ditshingwana.
Ka kwa ga Lewatle la Japane, ditshingwana tsa Sejapane di ne tsa nna le popego e e leng ya tsone fela, moo popego e neng e tsewa tsia thata go gaisa mebala le moo sengwe le sengwe se nnang mo maemong a se a tshwanetseng. Ka maiteko a go boloka bontle le mefutafuta ya dilo tsa tlholego mo setsheng se sennye, mong wa tshingwana o baya matlapa ka manontlhotlho a bo a jala le go rulaganya tshingwana ya gagwe ka maatlametlo. Seno o ka se bona mo go tsa bonsai (mo go rayang “dimela tsa mo nkgwaneng”), e leng mokgwa wa go poma setlhare se sennye kana gongwe setlhotswana sa ditlhare ka popego le bogolo jo bo tshwanetseng.
Le fa ditshingwana tsa Botlhaba di farologana le tsa Bophirima ka tsela e di leng ka yone, le tsone di supa kafa batho ba tlhoafaletseng Paradaise ka teng. Ka sekai, Wybe Kuitert yo e leng moitsehisitori ya ditshingwana tsa Sejapane o kwadile gore, mo motlheng wa Heian kwa Japane (794-1185), beng ba ditshingwana ba ne ba leka go gakolola batho moya wa “paradaise mo lefatsheng.”
Lorato Lwa Lefatshe Lotlhe
Go akaretsa le mo merafeng e e tshelang ka go tsoma e e nnang mo ditshingwaneng tsa “tlholego”—dikgwa, naga e e ditlhare le naga e e majang—go rata ditshingwana go fitlhelwa mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Malebana le “Ba-Aztec ba Mexico le Ba-Inca ba Peru,” Britannica e bolela gore “batho ba ba neng ba tle ba ba gape ba ne ba bolela ka ditshingwana tse dintle tse di nang le dithota tse di direpodi, ditlhare, didiba le makadiba a mantle . . . tse di tshwanang le ditshingwana tsa mofuta wa tsone tsa dinaga tsa Bophirima.”
Ee, ditlhare tsa bogologolo tse di neng di ikadile ka Nile, mekgwa ya go kgabisa naga ya batho ba kwa Botlhaba, diparaka tsa segompieno tsa mo ditoropokgolong le ditshingwana tsa dithunya—di senola eng? Tsela e batho ba eletsang Paradaise thata ka yone. Fa Terry Comito a ne a bua ka tsela e motho a sa bolong go nna a “eletsa Paradaise thata ka yone,” o ne a re: “Ditshingwana ke mafelo a motho a boelang gae ka one.” Mme ke motho ofe yo o se kitlang a itumelela go re, ‘Legae la me le tshwana le Tshimo ya Etene’? Mme gone, a Etene ya lefatshe lotlhe—e seng ya bahumi fela—ke toro fela? Kana a ke selo se tota se tlileng go nna gone mo isagweng?
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Mogopolo wa motaki ka popego ya Ditshingwana Tsa Babelona Tsa mo Dithabeng
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Versailles kwa Fora
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Mofuta wa tshingwana ya Sejapane
Go ralala hisitori batho ga ba bolo go eletsa Paradaise thata
[Motswedi wa Setshwantsho]
French Government Tourist Office/Rosine Mazin