Ko ha Senituli Ia ʻo Sētane?

“ʻI HONO tuʻunga kovi tahá, kuo hoko ai eni ko e senituli ʻo Sētane. Kuo ʻikai ha kuonga ki muʻa kuo fakahaaʻi ai ʻe he kakaí ha hehema lahi fau, mo ha hoholi, ki hono tāmateʻi ʻa e laui miliona ʻo e kakai kehé koeʻuhi ko e matakalí, lotú pe tuʻungá.”

Ko e ʻaho fakamanatu hono 50 ʻo e fakatauʻatāinaʻi ʻo e kau maʻukovia tonuhia naʻe tuku pilīsone ʻi he ngaahi kemi mate faka-Nasí naʻe tupu mei ai ʻa e fakamatala ne lave ki ai ʻi muʻá ʻi ha fakamatala fakaʻētita ʻi he The New York Times ʻo Sanuali 26, 1995. Ko e Tāmate Fakatokolahí—ʻa e taha ʻo e fakaʻauha fakafaʻahinga ʻiloa lahi taha ʻi he hisitōliá—naʻe fakaʻauhamālie ai ʻa e kau Siu ʻe toko ono miliona nai. Meimei ko e kau tangataʻifonua Pōlani ʻikai ko e Siu ʻe toko tolu miliona naʻa nau mate ʻi he meʻa kuo ui ko e “Tāmate Fakatokolahi Kuo Fakangaloʻí.”

“Ko ha fakafuofua ki he vahaʻa taimi mei he 1900 ʻo aʻu ki he 1989 ʻoku pehē ai naʻe tāmateʻi ʻi he taú ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 86 miliona,” ko e lau ia ʻa Jonathan Glover ʻi heʻene tohi ko e Humanity​—A Moral History of the Twentieth Century. ʻOkú ne tānaki mai ki ai: “Ko e mate ʻi he tau ʻi he senituli hono uofulú kuo ʻi ha tuʻunga ʻoku faingataʻa ke mahinoʻi. Ko ha fakaʻavalisi pē ʻo e tokolahi ʻo e kau maté ʻoku ʻikai moʻoni ia, koeʻuhí ko e vahe tolu ʻe ua nai (58 miliona) naʻe tāmateʻi ʻi he ongo tau ʻe ua ʻa e māmaní. Ka, ʻo kapau naʻe hoko tuʻumaʻu ʻa e ngaahi maté ni ʻi he vahaʻa taimi ko ení, ne mei tāmateʻi ʻe he taú ʻa e kakai nai ʻe toko 2,500 ʻi he ʻaho kotoa pē, ʻa ia ko e laka hake ia ʻi he kakai ʻe toko 100 ʻi he houa, ʻo ʻikai toe tuʻu, ʻo feʻunga mo e taʻu ʻe hivangofulu.”

Ko ia ai, kuo ui ʻa e senituli hono 20 ko e taha ia ʻi he ngaahi senituli totoʻia taha kuo faifai pea hokosia ʻe he tangatá. ʻI he Hope Against Hope, ʻoku tohi ai ʻe Nadezhda Mandelstam: “Kuo tau mātā ʻa e ikuna ʻa e koví hili hono tuku hifo ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e tangatá pea tāmolokí.” ʻI he fāinga ʻa e leleí mo e koví, kuo ikuna moʻoni ʻa e koví?

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TAKAFÍ: Faʻē mo e ʻofefine: J.R. Ripper/SocialPhotos

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 3]

U.S. Department of Energy photograph