Ko e Palopalema ʻo e Faingataʻaʻia ʻa e Tangatá
“KO E HĀ NAI ʻE ʻOTUA KO E HĀ NAI?” Ko e ʻuluʻi kaveinga lahi ko iá naʻe hā ia ʻi he ʻuluaki peesi ʻo ha nusipepa ʻoku tufaki takai ʻi he hili ha fuʻu mofuike lahi ʻi ʻĒsia Maina. Ko ha fakatātā naʻe hā fakataha mo ia naʻe fakahaaʻi ai ha tamai puputuʻu ʻokú ne fata mai ki tuʻa mei honau ʻapi kuo holó ʻa hono ʻofefiné kuo lavelavea.
Ko e ngaahi taú, hongé, mahaki toó, mo e ngaahi fakatamaki fakanatulá kuó ne fakatupunga ʻa e mamahi taʻealafakafuofua, lele noa ʻa e loʻimatá, mo e ngaahi mate taʻefaʻalaua. ʻOku tānaki mai ki he meʻá ni ʻa e faingataʻaʻia ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku maʻukovia ʻe he tohotohó, ngaohikoviʻi ʻo e fānaú, pea mo e ngaahi hia kehe. Fakakaukau atu ki he fuʻu fika lahi fakaʻulia ʻo e ngaahi lavelavea mo e ngaahi mate ko e tupu mei he ngaahi fakatuʻutāmaki hoko noá. Pea ʻoku ʻi ai mo e loto-mafasia ʻoku hokosia ʻe he laui piliona ʻo e kakaí koeʻuhi ko e mahamahakí, taʻumotuʻá, pea mo e mate ʻa e faʻahinga ʻoku nau ʻofa aí.
Kuo mātā ʻi he senituli 20 ʻa e faingataʻaʻia fakalilifu tahá ʻi ha toe taimi. Mei he 1914 ki he 1918, naʻe tāmateʻi ai ʻe he Tau I ʻa Māmaní ha kau sōtia ne meimei toko hongofulu miliona. ʻOku pehē ʻe he kau faihisitōlia ʻe niʻihi naʻe ʻomai ʻe he tau ko iá ʻa e maté ki ha fuʻu tokolahi tatau pē ʻo e kau siviliané. ʻI he Tau II ʻa Māmaní, naʻe tāmateʻi ai ʻa e kau tau mo e kau siviliane ʻe toko 50 miliona nai, kau ai ʻa e laui miliona ʻo e kau fefine, fānau mo e kau tangata toulekeleka naʻe ʻikai hanau maluʻangá. ʻI he kotoa ʻo e senituli kuo maliu atú, naʻe hoko ai ʻa e toe laui miliona kehe ko e kau maʻukovia ʻi he fakaʻauha fakamatakalí, liukavá, fakamālohi fakafaʻahingá, fiekaiá, mo e masivá. ʻOku fakafuofua ʻe he Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century naʻe laka hake ʻi he toko 180 miliona naʻe mate koeʻuhi ko e fuʻu “tuʻutāmaki lahi” ko iá.
Ko e fulū faka-Sipeini ʻo e 1918/1919 naʻá ne tāmateʻi ʻa e toko 20 miliona. ʻI he hongofuluʻi taʻu ʻe ua kuohilí, naʻe mate ʻa e toko 19 miliona nai mei he ʻeitisí, pea ko e toko 35 miliona kuo nau maʻu he taimí ni ʻa e vailasi ʻokú ne fakatupunga iá. ʻOku laui miliona ʻa e fānau kuo liʻaki ʻo ʻikai ha mātuʻa—kuo nau mate mei he ʻeitisí. Pea ʻoku mate ʻa e tokolahi taʻefaʻalaua ʻo e fanga kiʻi pēpeé mei he ʻeitisí, ne pipihi atu ia kiate kinautolu lolotonga ʻa ʻenau kei ʻi manavá.
ʻOku taaʻi ʻaki ha faingataʻa lahi ange ʻa e fānaú ʻi he ngaahi founga kehe. ʻI he lave ki he fakamatala naʻe ʻomai ʻe he Paʻanga Tokoni ʻa e Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá ki he Fānaú (UNICEF), ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo e 1995, naʻe pehē ai ʻe he Manchester Guardian Weekly ʻa ʻIngilaní: “ʻI he ngaahi tau ʻo e hongofuluʻi taʻu kuohilí, kuo tāmateʻi ai ʻa e fānau ʻe toko 2 miliona, faingataʻaʻia ʻa e toko 4-5 miliona, tukuhāusia ʻa e toko 12 miliona, laka hake ʻi he toko 1 miliona ko e nofo paea pe nofo mavahe mei heʻenau ngaahi mātuʻá pea uesia fakaʻatamai ʻa e toko 10 miliona.” ʻOku tānaki atu ki heni ʻa e fakatōtama ʻe 40 ki he 50 miliona nai ʻi māmani lahi—ʻi he taʻu kotoa pē!
Fēfē ʻa e Kahaʻú?
Ko e tokolahi ʻoku nau vakai atu ki he kahaʻú mo e tailiili. Naʻe pehē ʻe he kulupu ʻo ha kau faisaienisi: “Ko e ngaahi ngāue ʻa e tangatá . . . ʻokú ne liliu nai ʻa e māmaní ki ha tuʻunga ke ʻikai ai malava ke ne tokonia ʻa e moʻuí ʻi he founga ʻoku tau ʻilo ki aí.” Naʻa nau tānaki mai: “Naʻa mo e mōmeniti ko ʻení, ko e foʻi tokotaha ʻi he moʻui ʻe toko nima ʻokú ne ʻi he tuʻunga masiva ʻangoʻango ʻo ʻikai maʻu ha meʻa feʻunga ke kai, pea ko e toko taha ʻi he toko hongofulu ʻokú ne fuesia ha fasi manava lahi.” Naʻe ngāueʻaki ʻe he kau faisaienisí ʻa e meʻa ko ení ke “fakatokanga ki he faʻahinga kotoa pē ʻo e tangatá fekauʻaki mo e meʻa ʻoku tuʻunuku mai ʻi he kahaʻú” pea nau pehē: “ʻOku fiemaʻu ha liliu lahi ʻi heʻetau tokangaʻi ʻa e foʻi māmaní pea mo e moʻui ʻoku ʻi aí, ʻo kapau ko e fuʻu moʻui faingataʻaʻia lahi ʻa e tangatá ke kalofi pea ko hotau ʻapi fakalūkufua ʻi he foʻi palanite ko ení ke ʻoua ʻe maumauʻi taʻealafakaleleiʻi.”
Ko e hā kuo fakaʻatā ai ʻe he ʻOtuá ke lahi fau ʻa e faingataʻá mo e fulikivanú? ʻOku anga-fēfē ʻene fakataumuʻa ke fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tuʻungá ni? ʻAfē?
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 3]
ʻOlungá, saliote: UN/DPI Photo 186410C by P.S. Sudhakaran; lotomālié, fānau mate fiekaia: WHO/OXFAM; ʻi laló, tangata kuo maha e sinó: FAO photo/B. Imevbore