Ko ha Māmani ʻAtā mei he Mahakí

“ʻOku totonu ke ngāue fakataha ʻa e ngaahi fonua kotoa pē ʻi ha laumālie ʻo e fāitaha mo e ngāue ke fakapapauʻi ʻa e tokangaʻi tefito ʻo e moʻuí ki he kakai kotoa pē koeʻuhi ko hono maʻu ʻo e moʻui leleí ʻe he kakai ʻi ha fonua pē ʻe tahá ʻoku kau fakahangatonu mo maʻu ʻaonga mei ai ʻa e fonua kehe kotoa pē.”​—FANONGONONGO ʻI ALMA-ATA, SEPITEMA 12, 1978.

ʻI HE taʻu ʻe ua-nima kuohilí, ko e tokangaʻi tefito ʻo e moʻui ki he tokotaha kotoa pē ʻi māmaní naʻe hā ia ki he niʻihi ko ha taumuʻa naʻe ala lavaʻi. Ko e fakataha ʻa e kau fakafofonga ki he Konifelenisi Fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ki he Tokangaʻi Tefito ʻo e Moʻuí ʻi Alma-Ata, ʻa ia ko Kāsakisitani ia he taimí ní, naʻa nau fakapapau ai ke huhu maluʻi ʻa e faʻahinga kotoa ʻo e tangatá mei he ngaahi mahaki pipihi lalahí ʻi he aʻu ki he taʻu 2000. Naʻa nau toe ʻamanaki foki ʻi he aʻu ki he taʻu tatau pē ko iá, ʻe ala maʻu ai ʻa e tuʻunga fakaehaisini tefito mo e vai taau ke inu ʻe he tokotaha kotoa pē ʻi he māmaní. Ko e ngaahi puleʻanga mēmipa kotoa ʻo e Kautaha Moʻui ʻa Māmaní (WHO) naʻa nau fakamoʻoni ʻi he tala fakahāhā ko ení.

Ko e taumuʻá naʻe tuha ia mo e fakahīkihiki moʻoni, ka ko hono muia iá naʻe fakamoʻoniʻi ʻa ʻene fakasiva ʻamanakí. Ko e tokangaʻi tefito ʻo e moʻuí ʻoku ʻikai ʻaupito ke fakaeʻuniveesi ia, pea ko e ngaahi mahaki pipihí ʻokú ne kei fakamanamanaʻi pē ʻa e moʻui lelei ʻa e kakai ʻe laui piliona ʻi he māmaní. Pea ko e ngaahi mahaki fakatupu mate ko ení ʻokú ne faʻa uesia ʻa e fānaú pea pehē ki he kakai lalahí ʻi he tuʻunga longomoʻui ʻo e moʻuí.

Naʻa mo e fakamanamana lō tolu ʻa e ʻeitisí, tīpií mo e malēliá kuo ʻikai ueʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi fonuá ke nau “ngāue fakataha ʻi ha laumālie ʻo e fāitaha.” Ko e Paʻanga Tokoni ʻi Māmani Lahi ke Tauʻi ʻa e ʻEitisí, Tīpií mo e Malēliá, ʻa ia naʻe toki fokotuʻú, naʻa nau kole ki he ngaahi puleʻangá ki ha $13 piliona ke tokoni ki hono taʻotaʻofi ʻa e ngaahi mahakí ni. Kae kehe, ʻi he aʻu ki he faʻahitaʻu māfana ʻo e 2002, ko e $2 piliona tupu pē kuo ʻomaí—ʻi he taʻu tatau, ko e fakamole fakakautaú ia naʻe aʻu hono fakafuofuá ʻona ki he $700 piliona! Ko e meʻa fakamamahí, ʻi he māmani māvahevahe ʻo e ʻaho ní, ko e ngaahi fakamanamana siʻi pē ʻoku malava ke ne fakafāʻūtahaʻi ʻa e fonua kotoa pē maʻá e lelei ʻa e tokotaha kotoa.

Naʻa mo e ʻi he ngaahi taumuʻa lelei tahá, ʻoku ʻiloʻi ʻe he ngaahi tuʻunga mafai ki he moʻui leleí ʻenau fakangatangata ʻi heʻenau faitau mo e ngaahi mahaki pipihí. ʻE ʻikai nai ke ʻomai ʻe he ngaahi puleʻangá ʻa e paʻanga ʻoku fiemaʻú. Kuo hoko ʻa e ngaahi siemú ʻo matengataʻa ki he ngaahi faitoʻo lahi, pea ʻoku vilitaki nai ʻa e kakaí ʻi he tuli ki ha founga moʻui ʻoku fakatuʻutāmaki lahi. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ko e ngaahi palopalema fakafeituʻu hangē ko e masivá, taú mo e hongé ʻoku nau tofa ʻa e hala ki he ngaahi siemu fakatupu mahakí ke lavameʻa ʻi hono maʻu ʻa e laui miliona ʻo e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá.

Mahuʻingaʻia ʻa e ʻOtuá ʻi Heʻetau Moʻui Leleí

ʻOku ʻi ai ha fakaleleiʻanga. ʻOku tau maʻu ʻa e fakamoʻoni mahino ʻoku mahuʻingaʻia ʻaupito ʻa Sihova ko e ʻOtuá ʻi he moʻui lelei ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá. Ko hotau sisitemi maluʻí ʻoku ʻomai ai ha fakamoʻoni tuʻu-ki-muʻa ʻo e tokanga ko ení. Naʻe fakahaaʻi ʻi he ngaahi lao lahi naʻe ʻoange ʻe Sihova ki ʻIsileli ʻo e kuonga muʻá ʻa ʻene holi ke maluʻi kinautolu mei he ngaahi mahaki pipihí.a

Ko Sīsū Kalaisi, ʻa ia ʻokú ne tapua atu ʻa e ʻulungāanga ʻo ʻene Tamai fakahēvaní, ʻokú ne ongoʻi ʻa e manavaʻofa tatau ki he kau puké. Ko e Kōsipeli ʻa Maʻaké ʻoku fakamatala ai ki he fetaulaki ʻa Sīsū mo ha tangata naʻe puke ʻi he kiliá. “Ka ne ke loto ke fai,” ko e lea ia ʻa e kiliá, “te ke lava ke fakamaʻa au.” Naʻe langa ʻa e fatu ʻo Sīsuú ʻi heʻene sio ki he langa mo e mamahi naʻe kātekina ʻe he tangatá. “ʻOku ou loto pe,” ko e tali ia ʻa Sīsuú. “Ke ke maʻa koe”!—Maake 1:​40, 41.

Ko e ngaahi fakamoʻui fakaemana ʻa Sīsuú naʻe ʻikai ke fakangatangata pē ia ki ha niʻihi tokosiʻi. ʻOku lēkooti ʻe he tokotaha-tohi Kōsipeli ko Mātiú ʻo pehē ko Sīsuú naʻá ne “alu . . . i he botu kotoabe o Kaleli, o akonaki . . . bea malaga aki ae ogoogolelei oe buleaga, o ne fakamoui ae mahaki kehekehe kotoabe, moe hagatamaki kotoabe nae i he kakai.” (Fakaʻītali ʻamautolu; Mātiu 4:​23, PM) Ko ʻene ngaahi fakamoʻuí naʻe ʻikai te ne tokoniʻi pē ʻa e kakai puke ʻo Siutea mo Kālelí. Ko e ngaahi fakamoʻui ko iá ʻoku ʻomai ai kia kitautolu ha tomuʻa vakai ki he founga ʻe mole ʻosi ai ʻa e faʻahinga mahaki kotoa pē ʻi he taimi ʻe pule taʻealafakafepakiʻi mai ai ki he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻa e Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá, ʻa ia naʻe malanga ʻa Sīsū fekauʻaki mo iá.

Moʻui Lelei ʻi Māmani Lahí ʻIkai ko ha Misi Taʻealamalava

ʻOku fakapapauʻi mai ʻe he Tohi Tapú kia kitautolu ko e moʻui lelei ʻi māmani lahí ʻoku ʻikai ko ha misi taʻealamalava ia. Naʻe tomuʻa sio ʻa e ʻapositolo ko Sioné ki he taimi ʻa ia ʻe ‘tuʻu ai mo e kakaí ʻa e tapanekale ʻo e ʻOtuá.’ Ko e ola ʻo e ngāue ko eni ʻi he tafaʻaki ʻa e ʻOtuá, “ʻe ʻikai toe ai ha mate, pea ʻe ʻikai toe ai ha mamahi, pe ha tangi, pe ha ongosia; kuo mole ʻa e ngaahi meʻa muʻa.” ʻOku hā ngali fuʻu lelei eni ke ʻikai ala tui ki ai? ʻI he veesi hokó, ʻoku fakahā ai ʻe he ʻOtuá tonu: “Ko e ngaahi lea ko eni ʻoku ala falala ki ai, pea ko e moʻoni ʻo e moʻoni.”—Fakahā 21:​3-5.

Ko e moʻoni, ko e ngataʻanga ʻo e mahakí ʻoku fiemaʻu tefito ai ʻa e ngataʻanga ʻo e masivá, hongé mo e taú, koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi fakatamaki ko ení ʻoku faʻa fetakinima ia mo e ngaahi siemu pipihí. Ko ia ai, ʻoku vaheʻi ʻe Sihova ʻa e ngāue kāfakafa ko ení ki hono Puleʻangá, ko ha founga-pule fakahēvani ʻi he nima ʻo Kalaisí. ʻI he tali ki he ngaahi lotu tōtōivi ʻe laui milioná, ko e puleʻanga ko ení ʻe hoko mai, pea te ne fakapapauʻi ai ke fai ʻa e finangalo ʻo e ʻOtuá ʻi he māmaní.​—Mātiu 6:​9, 10.

ʻOku lava ke tau ʻamanekina ʻe hoko mai ʻafē ʻa e Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá? ʻI he lea ki he fehuʻi ko iá, naʻe tomuʻa tala ai ʻe Sīsū ʻe mamata ʻa e māmaní ki ha holongā ʻo e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga ʻe hoko ʻa ia ʻe tokonaki mai ai ha fakaʻilonga ʻo fakahaaʻi ai kuo vavé ni ke ngāue mai ʻa e Puleʻangá. Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi tafaʻaki ko ení, ko ʻene leá ia, ko e mapuna hake ʻa e ‘ngaahi mahaki fakaʻauha ʻi he ngaahi potu kehekehe.’ (Luke 21:​10, 11; Mātiu 24:​3, 7) Ko e foʻi lea faka-Kalisi ki he “mahaki fakaʻauha” ʻoku ʻuhinga iá ki ha “mahaki pipihi fakatupu mate pē.” Naʻe mamata moʻoni ʻa e senituli hono 20 ki he ngaahi mapuna fakalilifu hake ʻa e mahaki fakaʻauhá, neongo ʻa e ngaahi fakalakalaka kotoa ʻi he saienisi fakafaitoʻó.—Sio ki he puha “Ngaahi Mate Tupu mei he Mahaki Fakaʻauha Talu mei he 1914.”

Ko ha kikite ʻi he tohi Fakahaá, ʻa ia ʻoku tatau mo e ngaahi lea ʻa Sīsū ʻi he ngaahi Kōsipelí, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ha kau tangata heka hoosi ʻoku nau fakafeʻao kia Sīsū Kalaisi ʻi heʻene maʻu ʻa e mafai ʻi hēvaní. Ko e tangata heka hoosi hono faá ʻokú ne heka ʻi ha “hoosi tea,” pea ʻokú ne fakatupunga ha “mate fakaʻauha” ʻi hono halá. (Fakahā 6:​2, 4, 5, 8) Ko ha vakai ki he tokolahi ʻo e mate mei he niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi mahaki pipihi lalahi talu mei he 1914 ʻoku fakapapauʻi ai kuo lele moʻoni ʻa e tangata heka hoosi fakaefakatātā ko ení. Ko e faingataʻaʻia ʻi māmani lahi mei he “mate fakaʻauha” ʻoku ʻomai ai ha toe fakamoʻoni ʻe taha ʻoku ofi ʻa e hoko mai ʻa e Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá.b​—Maake 13:29.

Neongo kuo lavameʻa ʻa e saienisi fakafaitoʻó ʻi hono fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e mafola ʻa e mahaki pipihí ʻi ha ngaahi hongofuluʻi taʻu siʻi, ʻoku kamata ke fakamanamanaʻi kitautolu ʻe ha mapuna foʻou hake. ʻOku hā mahino, ʻoku tau fiemaʻu ha fakaleleiʻanga mahulu hake ʻi he tangatá ke ne solova tā tuʻo taha ʻa e palopalemá ni. ʻOku talaʻofa ʻa hotau Tokotaha-Fakatupú te ne fai ʻa e meʻa tofu pē ko iá. ʻOku fakapapauʻi mai ʻe he palōfita ko ʻAiseá kia kitautolu ʻi he malumalu ʻo e Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá, “ʻoku ʻikai ha nofo ai te ne pehe, ʻOku ou mahaki.” ʻIkai ko ia pē, “[Ko e ʻOtuá] te ne folofua ʻa mate ʻo taʻengata; pea ko Atonai Sihova te ne holoholo ʻa e loʻimata mei he mata fuape.” (Aisea 25:8; 33:​22, 24) ʻI he mafoa ʻa e ata ʻo e ʻaho ko iá, ko e mahakí ʻe ʻosi ikunaʻi taʻengata ia.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Puha ʻi he peesi 12]

Ngaahi Mate Tupu mei he Mahaki Fakaʻauha Talu mei he 1914

Ko e ngaahi fika ko ení ko e fakafuofua pē. Kae kehe, ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e lahi kuo muimuiʻi ai ʻe he mahaki fakaʻauhá ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá talu mei he 1914.

◼ Simolopōkisi (vahaʻa ʻo e 300 milioná mo e 500 milioná) Naʻe ʻikai faifai ange pea faʻu ha faitoʻo ola lelei ki he simolopōkisí. Naʻe iku ʻo lavameʻa ha polokalama huhu maluʻi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga lahi ʻi hono fakangata ʻosi ʻa e mahakí ʻi he aʻu ki he 1980.

◼ Tīpī (vahaʻa ʻo e 100 milioná mo e 150 milioná) ʻOku tāmateʻi he taimí ni ʻe he tīpií ʻa e meimei kakai ʻe toko ua miliona he taʻu taki taha, pea ko e toko 1 nai mei he kakai ʻe toko 3 kotoa pē ʻi he māmaní ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e pekitīlia tīpií.

◼ Malēlia (vahaʻa ʻo e 80 milioná mo e 120 milioná) Ki he ʻuluaki konga ʻo e senituli hono 20, ko e tokolahi ʻo e mate mei he malēliá naʻe kei takatakai ia ʻi he toko ua miliona nai ʻi he taʻu. Ko e mate lahi tahá ʻoku tefito ia he taimí ni ʻi he Sahala fakatonga ʻo ʻAfiliká, ʻa ia ʻoku kei tāmateʻi fakataʻu ai ʻe he malēliá ʻa e kakai laka hake he toko taha milioná.

◼ Fulū faka-Sipeini (vahaʻa ʻo e 20 milioná mo e 30 milioná) ʻOku pehē ʻe he kau faihisitōlia ʻe niʻihi ko e tokolahi ʻo e maté naʻe lahi mamaʻo ange ia. Ko e mahaki fakatupu mate ko ení naʻá ne tafiʻi ʻa e māmaní ʻi he 1918 mo e 1919, ʻi he hili pē ʻa e ʻuluaki tau lahi ʻa māmaní. “Naʻa mo e mahaki kumaá naʻe ʻikai te ne tāmateʻi vave ʻaupito ha fuʻu kakai tokolahi fau,” ko e lau ia ʻa e tohi Man and Microbes.

◼ Taifusi (20 miliona nai) Ko e ngaahi mahaki taifusí ʻoku faʻa ʻalu fakataha ia mo e taú pea naʻe langaʻi ʻe he tau ʻuluaki ʻa māmaní ha mahaki taifusi ʻa ia naʻá ne fakaʻauha ʻa e ngaahi fonua ʻi ʻIulope Hahaké.

◼ ʻEitisi (laka hake he 20 milioná) Ko e mahaki fakaʻauha ko eni ʻi onopōní ʻokú ne lolotonga tāmateʻi ʻa e kakai ʻe toko tolu miliona ʻi he taʻu kotoa pē. Ko e ngaahi fakafuofua ki muí ni ʻa e polokalama ʻa e Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá ki he ʻeitisí ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai “ʻi he mole lahi ʻa e fakalahi ʻo hono taʻotaʻofí mo e ngaahi feinga faitoʻó, ʻe mate ʻa e kakai ʻe toko 68 miliona . . . ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e 2000 mo e 2020.”

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 11]

ʻI he malumalu ʻo e Puleʻanga ʻo e ʻOtuá, ko e ngaahi mahaki hangē ko ení ʻe ʻikai kei ʻomai ai ha fakamanamana

ʻEitisi

Malēlia

Tīpī

[Maʻuʻanga]

ʻEitisi: CDC; malēlia: CDC/Dr. Melvin; Tīpī: © 2003 Dennis Kunkel Microscopy, Inc.

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 13]

Naʻe fakamoʻui ʻe Sīsū ʻa e faʻahinga mahaki mo e alangamahaki kehekehe kotoa pē