Lavameʻa mo e Taʻelavameʻa ʻi Hono Tauʻi ʻo e Mahakí

ʻI HE ʻaho 5 ʻo ʻAokosi, 1942, naʻe ʻiloʻi ai ʻe Dr. Alexander Fleming kuo fakaʻau ke mate ʻa e taha ʻo ʻene kau mahakí, ʻa ia ko hano kaumeʻa. Ko e tangata taʻu 52 ko ení naʻá ne puke ʻi he ulufia ʻa e hui-tuʻá, pea neongo ʻa e ngaahi feinga kotoa ʻa Fleming, kuo hoko he taimi ko ení ʻo longo ʻa hono kaumeʻá.

ʻI he taʻu ʻe taha-nima ki muʻá, naʻe ʻiloʻi fāinoa ai ʻe Fleming ha faʻahinga meʻa mahuʻinga naʻe haʻu mei ha tuʻungafulufulu lanu mata meimei pulū. Naʻá ne ui ia ko e penisilini. Naʻá ne fakatokangaʻi naʻe ʻi ai hono mālohi ke tāmateʻi ʻa e pekitīliá; ka naʻe ʻikai te ne lava ke fakamavaheʻi mei ai ʻa e penisilini ʻataʻataá, pea naʻá ne ʻahiʻahiʻi pē ia ko ha faitoʻo tāmate siemu. Kae kehe, ʻi he 1938, naʻe feinga ai ʻa Howard Florey mo ʻene timi fakatotolo ʻi he ʻUnivēsiti Oxford ke ngaohi ha penisilini lahi feʻunga ke ʻahiʻahiʻi ʻi he tangatá. Naʻe telefoni ai ʻa Fleming kia Florey, ʻa ia naʻá ne meʻaʻofa ange ke ʻoange ʻa e penisilini kotoa naʻá ne ala maʻú. Ko e faingamālie fakaʻosi ia ʻo Fleming ke fakahaofi ʻa hono kaumeʻá.

Ko hano huhu ʻo e penisiliní ki he uouá naʻe fakamoʻoniʻi naʻe ʻikai ke feʻunga ia, ko ia naʻe huhuʻi hangatonu ai ʻe Fleming ʻa e faitoʻó ki he hui-tuʻa ʻo hono kaumeʻá. Naʻe fakaʻauha ʻe he penisiliní ʻa e fanga kiʻi siemú; pea laka siʻi ʻi ha uike pē taha, naʻe mavahe ai ʻa e mahaki ʻa Fleming mei he falemahakí kuo moʻui fakaʻaufuli. Naʻe kamata ai ʻa e kuonga ʻo e ngaahi faitoʻo tāmate siemú, pea kuo aʻu ai ki ha maka-maile foʻou ʻa e tauʻi ʻe he faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá ʻa e mahakí.

Ko e Kuonga ʻo e Ngaahi ʻEnitipaiōtikí

ʻI heʻenau ʻuluaki ʻasí, naʻe hā ʻa e ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtikí ʻo hangē ha ngaahi faitoʻo maná. ʻI he aʻu mai ki he taimi ko ení ko e ngaahi mahaki naʻe ʻikai lava ke faitoʻo ki muʻa ko e fakatupunga ʻe he pekitīliá, tuʻungafulufuluá, pe fanga kiʻi meʻamoʻui valevale kehé naʻe lava heni ke faitoʻo lavameʻa ia. Koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi faitoʻo foʻoú, ko e ngaahi mate ʻi he mahaki ʻutó, niumōniá mo e mofi ʻo e totó naʻe holo lahi fakaʻulia ia. Ko e mahaki pipihi he nofo falemahakí ʻa ia naʻe fakatupu mate ki muʻá naʻe faitoʻo ia ʻi ha ngaahi ʻaho siʻi pē.

Talu mei he taimi ʻo Fleming, kuo ngaohi ai ʻe he kau fakatotoló ha toe ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtiki lahi fau, pea ʻoku hokohoko atu ʻa e fakatotolo ki ha ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtiki foʻoú. Lolotonga ʻa e taʻu ʻe 60 fakamuimuí, kuo hoko ʻa e ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtikí ko ha meʻatau ʻikai ala tuku ia ʻi hono tauʻi ʻo e mahakí. Kapau naʻe moʻui he ʻahó ni ʻa George Washington, ʻoku ʻikai ha veiveiua ʻe faitoʻo ʻe he kau toketaá ʻa e mamahi ʻa hono mongá ʻaki ha ʻenitipaiōtiki, pea ʻoku ngalingali te ne fakaakeake ʻi ha uike ʻe taha pe ofi ki ai. Kuo meimei tokoniʻi ʻe he ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtikí ʻa kitautolu kotoa ke toʻo atu ʻa e ngaahi mahaki kehekehe. Kae kehe, kuo hoko ʻo hā mahino ko e ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtikí ʻoku ʻi ai honau ngaahi mele.

Ko e faitoʻo ʻenitipaiōtikí ʻoku ʻikai ʻaonga ia ki he ngaahi mahaki fakatupunga ʻe he ngaahi vailasí, hangē ko e ʻeitisí pe ko e fuluú. ʻIkai ko ia pē, ʻoku kovi ki he kakai ʻe niʻihi ʻa e ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtiki ʻe niʻihi. Pea ko e ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtiki ʻoku nau fakaʻauha ʻa e fanga kiʻi meʻamoʻui fakatuʻutāmakí ʻe lava ke nau tāmateʻi ai ʻa e fanga kiʻi meʻamoʻui valevale ʻoku ʻaonga ki hotau sinó. Kae mahalo ko e palopalema lahi taha ʻi he ʻenitipaiōtikí ko hono ngāueʻaki ʻo fuʻu hulú pe fuʻu siʻí.

Ko e ngāueʻaki ʻo fuʻu siʻí ʻoku hoko ia ʻi he taimi ʻoku ʻikai ke fakakakato ai ʻe he kau mahakí ʻa e taimi naʻe tuku mai ʻe he toketaá ke ngāueʻaki aí, koeʻuhí pē nai ko ʻenau ongoʻi sai ange pe koeʻuhi ko e lōloa ʻo e faitoʻó. Ko hono olá, ʻe ʻikai nai ai ke tāmateʻi kotoa ʻe he ʻenitipaiōtikí ʻa e kotoa ʻo e pekitīlia maumaú, ʻo fakaʻatā ai ha ngaahi pekitīlia matengataʻa ke nau moʻui atu pea fanafanau. Kuo faʻa hoko eni ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e faitoʻo ki he tīpií.

Kuo halaia fakatouʻosi ʻa e kau toketaá mo e kau fāmá ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ʻo fuʻu hulu ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo foʻoú ni. “Kuo faʻa tuku atu ʻo fuʻu hulu ʻe he kau toketaá ʻa e ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtikí ʻi he ʻIunaite Seteté, pea ʻoku ngāueʻaki taʻetokanga lahi ange ʻaki ia ʻi he ngaahi fonua kehe lahi,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e tohi ko e Man and Microbes. “Kuo fafanga lahi ʻaki ia ʻa e fanga monumanú, ʻo ʻikai ke fakamoʻui ʻaki ha mahaki ka ke tokoni ke vave ʻenau tupú; ko ha ʻuhinga lahi eni ki he fakautuutu ʻa e matengataʻa ʻa e siemú.” Ko e olá, ʻoku fakatokanga mai ʻa e tohí ʻo pehē, “ʻe ʻosi nai ʻetau ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtiki foʻoú.”

Tuku kehe ʻa e ngaahi hohaʻa ko eni fekauʻaki mo e matengataʻa ki he ʻenitipaiōtikí, ko e konga hono ua ʻo e senituli hono 20 ko ha taimi ia ʻo e ngaahi ikuna fakafaitoʻo. Naʻe hā ngali malava ʻa e kau fakatotolo fakafaitoʻó ke maʻu ʻa e ngaahi faitoʻo ke tauʻi ʻaki ha meimei faʻahinga mahaki pē. Pea ʻoku aʻu ʻo ʻomai ʻe he ngaahi faitoʻó ʻa e ʻamanaki ki hono taʻofi ʻo e mahakí.

Ngaahi Ikuna ki he Saienisi Fakafaitoʻó

“Ko e huhu maluʻí ko e lavameʻa lahi taha ia ʻi he hisitōliá ʻi he moʻui lelei ʻa e kakaí,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e World Health Report 1999. Kuo laui miliona ʻa e moʻui kuo ʻosi fakahaofi, ʻi he tokoni ʻa e ngaahi feingangāue huhu taʻofi lahi fau ʻi māmani lahi. Kuo fakangata ʻe ha polokalama huhu maluʻi ʻi māmani lahi ʻa e simolopōkisí—ʻa e mahaki fakatupu mate naʻá ne toʻo ʻa e moʻui lahi ange ʻi he moʻui naʻe mole ʻi hono fakatahaʻi ʻo e ngaahi tau kotoa ʻi he senituli hono 20—pea ko ha feingangāue tatau naʻá ne meimei fakangata ʻosi ʻa e polioó. (Sio ki he puha ko e “Ikunaʻi ʻo e Simolopōkisí mo e Polioó.”) ʻOku huhu taʻofi ʻa e fānau tokolahi he taimí ni ke maluʻi kinautolu mei he ngaahi mahaki anga-maheni ʻoku fakamanamana ki he moʻuí.

Kuo fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e ngaahi mahaki kehé ʻi he ngaahi founga ʻoku ʻikai loko mataʻāʻā. Ko e ngaahi mahaki ko ia tupu mei he vaí hangē ko e kōlelá ʻoku tātātaha ke ne fakatupunga ha ngaahi palopalema ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku feʻunga ai hono pouaki ʻo e haisiní mo ha maʻuʻanga vai ʻoku malú. ʻI he ngaahi fonua lahi ko e lahi ʻo e ala maʻu ha kau toketaá mo e falemahakí ki he tokangaʻi fakafaitoʻó ʻoku ʻuhinga iá ʻe lava ke ʻiloʻi ai ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi mahakí pea faitoʻo ia ki muʻa ke nau hoko ʻo fakatupu maté. Ko e lelei ange ʻo e kaí mo e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e moʻuí, fakataha mo hono fakafefekaʻi ʻo e ngaahi lao fekauʻaki mo hono ngaohi lelei mo tauhi ʻo e meʻakaí, kuo toe tokoni ia ki hono fakaleleiʻi ʻa e tuʻunga moʻui lelei ʻo e kakaí.

Hili hono ʻiloʻi ʻe he kau saienisí ʻa e ngaahi tupuʻanga ʻo e ngaahi mahaki pipihí, ko e ngaahi tuʻunga mafai ki he moʻui leleí ʻoku lava ke nau fou ʻi ha ngaahi sitepu ʻaonga ke taʻofi ai ha mahaki tō mei heʻene mafolá. Vakai angé ki ha fakatātā pē ʻe taha. Ko ha mapuna hake ʻa e mahaki kumaá ʻi San Francisco ʻi he 1907 naʻe mate ai ha tokosiʻi koeʻuhi he naʻe kamata vave ʻe he koló ha feingangāue ke fakaʻauhamālie ʻa e fanga kumā ʻa ia ko honau kutú naʻe fetuku holo ai ʻa e mahakí. ʻI he tafaʻaki ʻe tahá, kamata ʻi he 1896, naʻe fakatupunga ʻe he mahaki tatau ʻa e mate ʻe hongofulu miliona ʻi ʻInitia ʻi loto ʻi he taʻu ʻe 12 koeʻuhi ko hono tupuʻanga tefitó naʻe teʻeki ai ke ʻiloʻi.

Ngaahi Taʻelavameʻa ʻi Hono Tauʻi ʻo e Mahakí

ʻOku hā mahino, kuo ikunaʻi ʻa e ngaahi feingatau mahuʻinga. Ka ko e ngaahi ikuna ʻe niʻihi ʻi he moʻui ʻa e kakaí kuo hoko pē ia ʻi he ngaahi fonua tuʻumālie ange ʻo e māmaní. Ko e ngaahi mahaki ʻoku ala faitoʻó ʻokú ne kei tāmateʻi pē ʻa e kakai ʻe laui miliona, koeʻuhi pē ko e ʻikai ha paʻanga feʻungá. ʻI he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké ʻoku kei ʻikai pē ke maʻu ʻe he kakai tokolahi ia ha tuʻunga fakahaisini feʻunga, tokangaʻi ʻa e moʻuí mo maʻu ha vai feʻunga ke inu. Ko hono fakahoko ʻo e ngaahi fiemaʻu tefito ko ení kuo hoko ʻo faingataʻa lahi ange ia koeʻuhi ko e hiki tokolahi ʻa e kakaí mei he ngaahi feituʻu ʻutá ki he ngaahi fuʻu kolo lalahi ʻo e māmani fakalakalaká. Ko ha ola ʻo e ngaahi moʻoniʻi meʻa ko iá, ʻoku faingataʻaʻia ai ʻa e masivá ʻi he meʻa ʻoku ui ʻe he Kautaha Moʻui ʻa Māmaní ko ha “ʻikai vahevahe tatau ʻa e kavenga ʻo e mahakí.”

Ko e tuʻunga siokita sio nounoú ʻa e tupuʻanga tefito ʻo e taʻemafamafatatau ko eni ʻi he moʻuí. “Ko e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi mahaki tāmate pipihi kovi taha ʻi he māmaní ʻoku hā ngali hoko mamaʻo ia,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa e tohi Man and Microbes. “Ko e niʻihi ʻo e ngaahi meʻá ni ʻoku fakangatangata fakakātoa pe tefito ia ki he ngaahi feituʻu masiva fakatalopikí mo ofi ki he talopikí.” Koeʻuhi ko e ngaahi fonua fakalakalaka tuʻumālié mo e ngaahi kautaha tala-vaí ʻe ʻikai nai te nau maʻu tupu fakahangatonu, ʻoku nau toumoua ai ʻi hono ʻomai ha ngaahi paʻanga ki hono faitoʻo ʻo e ngaahi mahaki ko ení.

Ko e tōʻonga taʻefakakaukau ʻa e tangatá ko ha toe meʻa tefito ia ʻi hono fakamafola ʻo e mahakí. ʻOku ʻikai ha founga ʻe fakatātaaʻi lelei ange ai ʻa e foʻi moʻoni fefeka ko ení ka ko e tuʻunga ʻo e vailasi ʻeitisí, ʻa ia ʻoku mafola mei he tokotaha ki he tokotaha fou he ngaahi huhuʻa ʻo e sinó. ʻI loto ʻi ha ngaahi taʻu siʻi, naʻe mafola vave ai ʻa e mahaki mofele ko ení ʻi he foʻi kolopé. (Sio ki he puha “ʻEitisi—Ko e Mahaki Fakaʻauha ʻo Hotau Taimí.”) “Kuo fai pē ia ʻe he tangatá kia kinautolu,” ko e fakahaaʻi ia ʻe he toketā kili ko Joe McCormick. “Pea ʻoku ʻikai ko ha fakaangaʻi fakamōlale ia, ko ha foʻi moʻoni papau ia.”

Naʻe anga-fēfē ʻa e fengāueʻaki taʻeʻilo ʻa e tangatá mo e vailasi ʻeitisí? ʻOku fakahokohoko ʻi he tohi The Coming Plague ʻa e ngaahi meʻa tefito ko ení: Ngaahi liliu fakasōsiale—tautefito ki he tōʻongaʻaki ʻo hono maʻu ha ngaahi hoa fehokotaki fakasino tokolahí—kuo fakatupunga ai ha mapuna hake ʻa e ngaahi mahaki fetuku holo ʻe he fehokotaki fakasinó, ʻo ʻai ai ke faingofua ʻaupito ange ki he vailasí ke ne maʻu ha taha pea ki ha foʻi tokotaha ʻoku vaka aí ke ne fakapipihi ia ki ha kakai tokolahi kehe. Ko e mafolalahia ʻa hono ngāueʻaki ʻo e ngaahi meʻa huhu ʻuli, pea mo ʻosi ngāueʻaki ki he ngaahi huhu fakafaitoʻo ʻi he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké, pe ko hono ngāueʻaki taʻefakalao ʻo e faitoʻo kona tapú naʻe ʻi ai hono ola meimei tatau. Ko e pisinisi toto tola ʻe piliona ʻi māmani lahí kuo toe fakatupunga ai ʻa e vailasi ʻeitisí ke ʻalu mei he foʻi toko taha ʻoku huhu mei aí ki ha tokolahi ʻoku huhu ki ai.

Hangē ko ia naʻe lave ki ai ki muʻá, ko e ngāueʻaki ʻo fuʻu hulu pe ko e fuʻu siʻi ʻo e ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtikí kuo fakatupunga ai ʻa e ʻasi mai ʻa e ngaahi siemu matengataʻá. Ko e palopalemá ni ʻoku mafatukituki pea ʻoku ʻalu ia ke toe kovi ange. Ko e pekitīlia sitefilokokasí, ʻa ia ʻokú ne faʻa fakatupunga ʻa e pala ʻo e laveá, naʻe faʻa fakangata faingofua ia ʻaki ʻa e meʻa ʻoku maʻu mei he penisiliní. Ka ʻi he taimi ní ko e ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtiki anga-maheni ko ení ʻoku faʻa ʻikai ola lelei ia. Ko ia ai, kuo pau ke hanga ʻa e kau toketaá ki he ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtiki foʻou ange mo mamafa, ʻa ia ʻoku tātātaha ke malava ʻo totongi ʻe he ngaahi falemahaki ʻi he ngaahi fonua langalanga haké. Naʻa mo e ngaahi ʻenitipaiōtiki foʻou tahá ʻoku fakamoʻoniʻi nai ʻa e ʻikai malava ke nau fefaʻuhi mo e ngaahi siemu ʻe niʻihi, ʻo ʻai ai ʻa e pihia ʻi he falemahakí ke toe lahi ange mo fakatupu mate ange. Ko Dr. Richard Krause, ʻa e talēkita ki muʻa ʻo e Akoʻanga Fakafonua ki he Ngaahi Mahaki Kovi ki he Sinó mo Pipihí, ʻokú ne fakamatalaʻi hangatonu ʻa e tuʻunga lolotongá ko “ha mahaki tō ʻo e siemu matengataʻá.”

“ʻOku Tau Lelei Ange ʻi he ʻAhó Ni?”

ʻI he taimí ni, ʻi he kamata ʻo e senituli hono 21, ʻoku hā mahino ai kuo ʻikai ke mole ʻa e fakamanamana ʻa e mahakí. Ko e mafola taʻetuku ʻa e ʻeitisí, ko e ʻasi ʻa e fanga kiʻi siemu fakatupu mahaki matengataʻá, mo e toe malanga hake ʻa e ngaahi mahaki tāmate motuʻa hangē ko e tīpií mo e malēliá ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ko e tauʻi ʻo e mahakí kuo teʻeki ke ikuna.

“ʻOku tau lelei ange ʻi he ʻahó ni ʻi he tuʻunga naʻa tau ʻi ai ʻi he senituli kuohilí?” ko e ʻeke ia ʻe ha tokotaha ikuna ʻo e Pale Nobel ko Joshua Lederberg. “ʻI he ngaahi tafaʻaki lahi tahá, ʻoku tau kovi ange,” ko ʻene leá ia. “Kuo tau taʻetokanga fekauʻaki mo e ngaahi siemú, pea ko ha kaveinga toe mapuna hake ia ʻoku foki mai ke nofoʻia kitautolu.” ʻE lava ke ikuʻi ʻa e ngaahi ʻulungia lolotongá ʻaki ʻa e feinga kuo fakapapauʻi ʻa e saienisi fakafaitoʻó mo e ngaahi fonua kotoa ʻo e māmaní? ʻE faifai pea toʻo ʻosi ʻa e ngaahi mahaki pipihi tefitó, hangē ko ia naʻe hoko ki he simolopōkisí? ʻE lāulea ʻa ʻetau kupu fakaʻosí ki he ongo fehuʻí ni.

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 8]

Ikunaʻi ʻo e Simolopōkisí mo e Polioó

ʻI he ngataʻanga ʻo ʻOkatopa 1977, naʻe ʻilo ai ʻe he Kautaha Moʻui ʻa Māmaní (WHO) ʻa e hoko fakamuimui fakanatula ʻiloa ʻo e simolopōkisí. Ko Ali Maow Maalin, ko ha kuki ʻi he falemahakí naʻe nofo ʻi Somālia, naʻe ʻikai ke ʻohofi lahi ia ʻe he mahakí, pea naʻá ne toe sai ʻi ha ngaahi uike siʻi. Naʻe huhu maluʻi ʻa e kakai kotoa naʻa nau fetuʻutaki mo iá.

ʻI ha taʻu lōloa ʻe ua, naʻe tatali loto-tailiili ai ʻa e kau toketaá. Naʻe tuʻuaki ha pale $1,000 ki ha taha pē ʻe lava ke ne līpooti ha toe “ʻoho ʻa e mahaki simolopōkisí” kuo fakapapauʻi. Naʻe ʻikai ha taha naʻe moʻoni ʻene ʻekeʻi ʻa e palé, pea ʻi he ʻaho 8 ʻo Mē, 1980, naʻe fanongonongo fakaʻofisiale ai ʻe he WHO ʻo pehē “ko e Māmaní mo e kotoa ʻo hono kakaí kuo nau maʻu ʻa e tauʻatāina mei he simolopōkisí.” ʻI ha hongofuluʻi taʻu ki muʻa pē ai, naʻe fakatupunga ai ʻe he simolopōkisí ʻa e mate ʻa e kakai nai ʻe toko ua miliona ʻi he taʻu. Ko e ʻuluaki taimi ia ʻi he hisitōliá, kuo fakangata ʻosi ai ha mahaki pipihi lahi.a

Ko e polioó, pe mahaki polioó, ko ha mahaki fakatupu vaivai ʻi he kei siʻí, ʻoku ʻomai ai ʻa e ʻamanaki ki ha lavameʻa meimei tatau. ʻI he 1955, naʻe ngaohi ai ʻe Jonas Salk ha faitoʻo ola lelei ki he polioó, pea naʻe kamata ha feingangāue huhu maluʻi ki he polioó ʻi he ʻIunaite Seteté mo e ngaahi fonua kehe. Ki mui ai naʻe ngaohi ha faitoʻo ke ʻai ki he ngutú. ʻI he 1988, naʻe kamata ai ʻe he WHO ha polokalama ʻi māmani lahi ke fakangata ʻosi ʻa e polioó.

“ʻI heʻemau kamata ʻa e feinga ke fakangatá ʻi he 1988, naʻe fakamamateaʻi ʻe he polioó ʻa e fānau laka hake he toko 1000 ʻi he ʻaho taki taha,” ko e līpooti ia ʻa Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland, ko e talēkita seniale he taimi ko iá ʻa e WHO. “ʻI he 2001, naʻe mātuʻaki siʻi ange ʻi he keisi ʻe 1000 ʻi he taʻú kotoa.” Ko e polioó ʻoku ngata pē ia he taimí ni ʻi ha ngaahi fonua siʻi hifo he hongofulú, neongo ia ʻe fiemaʻu ʻa e paʻanga lahi ange ke tokoniʻiʻaki ʻa e ngaahi fonua ko ení ke fakangata ʻosi ʻa e mahakí.

[Fakamatala ʻi lalo]

[Fakatātā]

Ko ha tamasiʻi ʻItiopea ʻoku ʻai ki hono ngutú ha faitoʻo poliō

[Maʻuʻanga]

© WHO/P. Virot

[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 10]

ʻEitisí​—Ko e Mahaki Fakaʻauha ʻo Hotau Taimí

Kuo hopo hake ʻa e ʻeitisí ko ha fakamanamana foʻou fakaemāmani lahi ia. ʻI ha taʻu nai ʻe 20 hili hono ʻiloʻí, kuo ʻosi pihia ʻa e kakai ia laka hake he toko 60 milioná. Pea ʻoku fakatokanga mai ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga mafai ki he moʻui leleí ko e mahaki ʻeitisí ʻoku kei “ʻi ha tuʻunga kamakamata pē.” Ko e tokolahi ʻoku pihiá ʻoku “fakautuutu lahi ange ia ʻi he meʻa naʻe malava ke tui ki ai ki muʻá,” pea ko hono ngaahi ola ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻoku lahi hono maʻu ai ʻi he māmaní ʻoku fakamamahi ʻaupito.

“Ko e fuʻu tokolahi fau ʻo e kakai ʻoku nau puke ʻi he HIV/ʻeitisí ʻi māmani lahí ʻoku nau ʻi he tuʻunga longomoʻui honau ngaahi taʻu ngāué,” ko e fakamatala ia ʻa ha līpooti ʻa e Ngaahi Puleʻanga Fakatahatahá. Ko hono olá, ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e tui ʻe mole mei he ngaahi fonua lahi ʻo e fakatonga ʻo ʻAfiliká ʻa e peseti ʻi he vahaʻa ʻe 10 mo e 20 ʻo e tokolahi ʻo ʻenau kau ngāué ʻi he aʻu ki he taʻu 2005. ʻOku toe pehē ʻe he līpōtí: “Ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e fuoloa ʻo e moʻui ʻoku ʻamanekina ki he fakatonga ʻo e Sahala ʻo ʻAfiliká ʻoku lolotonga ʻi he taʻu ʻe 47. Ka ne ʻikai ʻa e ʻeitisí, naʻe mei ʻi he taʻu ʻe 62.”

Ko e ngaahi feinga ke maʻu ha faitoʻó ʻoku kei fakamoʻoniʻi pē ʻene ʻikai ke lavameʻá, pea ko e peseti pē ʻe 4 ʻo e kau puke ʻe toko ono miliona ʻi he ʻeitisí ʻi he māmani langalanga haké ʻoku nau maʻu ha founga fakafaitoʻó. ʻI he lolotongá, ʻoku ʻikai ha faitoʻo ki he ʻeitisí, pea ʻoku manavasiʻi ʻa e kau toketaá he ko e tokolahi taha ʻo e kakai ʻoku pihiá ʻe iku pē ʻo nau maʻu ʻa e mahakí.

[Fakatātā]

Ko e fanga kiʻi lama-sela T ʻoku ulufia ʻe he vailasi HIV

[Maʻuʻanga]

Godo-Foto

[Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 7]

Ko hono sivi ʻe he tokotaha ngāue lepi ha vailasi foʻou ʻoku faingataʻa ke tauʻi

[Maʻuʻanga]

CDC/Anthony Sanchez