Ngaahi Meʻa Mahuʻinga Fakalaumālié—ʻOku Nau Huʻú ki Fē?
“Naʻe kau ha ngaahi hoa ʻe 15 ki ha fakataha efiafi [ʻa e Katoliká] ki he faleʻi ki muʻa ʻi he malí. ʻI he toko 30 naʻe ʻi aí, ko e toko 3 pē naʻa nau taukaveʻi ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e tuí.”—La Croix, nusipepa fakaʻaho Katolika Falanisē.
KO E ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga fakalotú ʻoku ʻi ha tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmaki. ʻI he takafi ʻi muʻa ʻo ʻene ʻīsiu ʻo Siulai 12, 1999, naʻe ʻeke ai ʻe he pulusinga fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻo e Newsweek: “ʻOku mate ʻa e ʻOtuá?” Ki ʻIulope hihifo, ko e tali ʻa e makasiní naʻe pehē ai ʻoku hā ngali moʻoni ʻoku pehē. ʻI he līpooti ʻi he sinoti ʻa e Siasi Katoliká ʻa ia naʻe fai ʻi Loma ʻi ʻOkatopa ʻo e taʻu tatau, naʻe pehē ʻe he nusipepa Falanisē ko e Le Monde: “ʻOku ʻiloʻi ʻe he Siasí ʻoku mātuʻaki faingataʻa ke fakahaaʻi ʻene pōpoakí ʻi ha anga fakafonua kuo hoko ʻo ‘fehiʻa’ ki ai. . . . ʻI ʻĪtali, ko e tui faka-Katoliká ʻoku ʻikai ke kei fāitaha. . . . ʻI Siamane, ko e vākovi ʻi he ngaahi senitā faleʻi tōmuʻa ki he fakatōtamá ʻokú ne fakalahi ʻa e motuhia ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e tuʻitapú mo e temokalatí ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai mateuteu ke ne tali ʻa e ngaahi fakamatala fakatikitató. Ko e tuʻunga fefeka ʻo [Netalení] ʻi he ngaahi ʻulungāngá mo e tāmate ʻi he faimēsí ʻoku ʻosi fakamatalaʻi ia ʻe he kau mamata ʻe niʻihi ko e tupu mei heʻene hoko fakafokifā ʻo ʻikai ko e Kalisitiané.”
ʻOku tatau ʻa e tuʻungá ʻi ha toe feituʻu pē. ʻI he 1999 ko e Pīsope Pule ʻo Canterbury, ko George Carey, naʻá ne fakatokanga ko e Siasi ʻIngilaní ʻe “ngata ʻosi ia ʻi he toʻutangata ʻe taha.” ʻI ha kupu naʻe fakakaveinga “Ko e Ngataʻanga ʻo ʻIulope Kalisitiané,” naʻe pehē ai ʻe he nusipepa Falanisē ko e Le Figaro: “ʻOku lava ke sio ki he sīpinga tatau ʻi he feituʻu kotoa pē. . . . ʻOku fehuʻia fakafounga ai ʻe he kakaí ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga fakaʻulungāngá mo fakatokāteliné.”
Siʻi ʻa e Kau ki he Meʻa Fakalotú
ʻI ʻIulope, ʻoku hōloa lahi ai ʻa e maʻu lotú. Siʻi hifo ʻi he peseti ʻe 10 ʻo e kau Katolika Falaniseé ʻoku nau maʻu ʻa e Misá ʻi he Sāpate kotoa pē, lolotonga iá ʻoku mei he peseti pē ʻe 3 ki he 4 ʻo e kau Katolika ʻi Pālesí ʻoku nau maʻu tuʻumaʻu ʻa e lotú. Kuo vakai ki he tuʻunga tatau pe naʻa mo māʻulalo ange ʻo e maʻu lotú ʻi he Puleʻanga Fakatahataha Pilitāniá, Siamane, pea mo e ngaahi fonua Sikenitinēviá.
ʻOku hohaʻa lahi ʻa e kau maʻu mafai fakalotú ʻi he nounou ʻa e kau kanititeiti ki he tuʻunga pātelé. Siʻi hifo ʻi ha senituli, kuo tō lahi ai ʻa e tokolahi ʻo e kau pātelé ʻi Falanisē, mei he pātele ʻe 14 ki he kakai ʻe toko 10,000 ki he toko 1, ki he toko 10,000 ʻi he ʻahó ni. ʻI ʻIulope kotoa, ko e ʻavalisi ʻo e taʻumotuʻa ʻo e kau pātelé ʻoku fakautuutu, pea ko e tuʻunga nounoú ʻoku ongoʻi ia naʻa mo e ʻi he ngaahi fonua hangē ko ʻAilani mo Pelisiumé. ʻI he taimi tatau, ko e tokolahi ʻo e fānau ʻoku kau ʻi he ngaahi kalasi fehuʻi mo e talí ʻoku hōloa, ʻo langaʻi hake ai ʻa e ngaahi veiveiua lahi fekauʻaki mo e malava ʻa e Siasi Katoliká ke fakapapauʻi ʻa ʻene toe fakafoʻoú.
ʻI he fekauʻaki mo e lotú, ʻoku hā ngali ko e tuipaú ko ha meʻa pē ia ʻo e kuohilí. Ko e peseti pē ʻe 6 ʻo e kakai Falaniseé ʻoku nau tui “ʻe lava ke maʻu ʻa e moʻoní ʻi ha lotu pē ʻe taha,” ʻi hono fakahoa ki he peseti ʻe 15 ʻi he 1981 mo e peseti ʻe 50 ʻi he 1952. ʻOku mafola ʻa e taʻemahuʻingaʻia fakalotú. Ko e lahi ʻo e kakai ʻoku nau pehē ʻoku ʻikai haʻanau kaunga fakalotú kuo tupulaki ia mei he peseti ʻe 26 ʻi he 1980 ki he peseti ʻe 42 ʻi he 2000.—Les valeurs des Français—Évolutions de 1980 à 2000 (Ngaahi Meʻa Mahuʻinga ʻi Falanisē—Tupulaki mei he 1980 ki he 2000).
Liliu Lahi ʻi he Ngaahi Meʻa Mahuʻinga Fakaeʻulungāngá
Ko e faingataʻa ʻi he ngaahi meʻa mahuʻingá ʻoku toe hā mahino ia ʻi he ngaahi meʻa fakaeʻulungāngá. Hangē ko ia naʻe lave ki ai ki muʻá, ʻoku fakafisi ʻa e kau maʻu lotu tokolahi ke tali ʻa e ngaahi lao fakaeʻulungaanga ʻa honau siasí. ʻOku ʻikai te nau loto-tatau mo e fakakaukau ʻoku maʻu ʻe he kau taki lotú ʻa e totonu ke fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e ʻulungāngá. Ko e fuʻu kakai tatau ʻoku nau leleiʻia ʻi he tuʻu ʻa e tuʻitapú ki he ngaahi totonu ʻa e tangatá, ʻoku nau fakafisi ke muimui ʻiate ia ʻi he taimi ʻoku kaunga ai ʻene ngaahi leá ki heʻenau moʻui fakafoʻituituí. Ko e fakatātaá, ko ʻene tuʻu ʻi he fakavahavahafanaú ʻoku tukunoaʻi lahi ia, ʻo aʻu ai pē ki he ngaahi hoa mali Katolika tokolahi.
ʻOku kaunga tatau ʻa e fakakaukau ko ení fakatouʻosi ki he kakai lotú mo e taʻelotú, ʻi he lēvolo kotoa ʻo e sōsaietí. Ko e ngaahi tōʻonga ʻoku fakahalaiaʻi mahino ʻi he ngaahi Konga Tohitapu Māʻoniʻoní ʻoku kātakiʻi ia. ʻI he taʻu ʻe uofulu kuo maliu atú, naʻe ʻikai leleiʻia ai ʻa e peseti ʻe 45 ʻo e kau tangataʻifonua Falaniseé ʻi he faka-Sōtomá. ʻI he ʻahó ni, ko e peseti ʻe 80 ʻoku nau tali ia. Neongo ko e fuʻu tokolahi tahá ʻoku nau leleiʻia ʻi he anga-tonu he nofo malí, ko e peseti pē ʻe 36 ʻoku nau fakahalaiaʻi ʻoku ʻikai ʻaupito totonu ʻa e ngaahi faingāmeʻa fakaetonó.—Loma 1:26, 27; 1 Kolinito 6:9, 10; Hepelu 13:4.
Ko ha Puputuʻu Fakalotu
ʻI he sōsaieti Hihifó, ʻoku tupulaki ai ha lotu hangatonu, ʻa ia ʻoku maʻu ai ʻe he tokotaha kotoa ʻa e totonu ke ne toʻo pe fili pē ʻe ia ʻa ʻene ngaahi tuí. ʻOku tali ʻa e ngaahi tokāteline ʻe niʻihi, lolotonga ia ʻoku siʻaki ʻa e niʻihi. ʻOku ui ʻe he niʻihi kinautolu ko e kau Kalisitiane lolotonga ia ʻoku nau tui ki he toe fakasino foʻoú, pea ʻoku ʻikai toumoua ʻa e niʻihi kehé ke muimui ʻi he taimi tatau ʻi he ngaahi fakaʻaiʻai fakalotu lahi. (Koheleti 9:5, 10; Isikeli 18:4, 20; Mātiu 7:21; Efeso 4:5, 6) Ko e tohi Les valeurs des Français naʻe fakahaaʻi hangatonu ai ko e kau tui tokolahi ʻi he ʻaho ní ʻoku nau hē ʻo ʻikai ala fakaleleiʻi mei he ngaahi hala kuo fokotuʻu ʻe he siasí.
Kae kehe, ko e hehema ko eni ki he totonu fakatāutaha lahi ange fakalotú ʻoku ʻikai ke taʻefakatuʻutāmaki. Ko Jean Delumeau, ko ha faihisitōlia fakalotu mo e mēmipa ʻo e Institut de France, ʻokú ne tui mālohi ʻoku taʻemalava ki ha taha ke ne faʻu ʻene lotu pē ʻaʻana ʻo tauʻatāina mei ha founga pē kuo fokotuʻu. “ʻE ʻikai lava ke moʻui ʻa e tuí kapau ʻoku ʻikai faiaka ia ʻi he tuʻunga fefeka ʻo ha lotu pau kuo fokotuʻu.” Ko e ngaahi meʻa mahuʻinga lelei fakalaumālié mo e tōʻonga fakalotú kuo pau ke hoko ko e konga ia ʻo ha faʻunga maau. ʻE lava ke maʻu mei fē ʻa e maau peheé ʻi ha sōsaieti kuo fakaʻauha ʻe he liliú?
ʻI he kotoa ʻo hono ngaahi pēsí, ʻoku fakamanatu mai ai ʻe he Tohitapú kia kitautolu ko e ʻOtuá ia ʻokú ne fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga ʻo e tōʻonga mo e ʻulungaanga ʻoku ala talí, neongo ʻokú ne fakaʻatā ki he tangatá ʻa e tauʻatāina ke muimui ai pe ʻikai. ʻOku ʻiloʻi ʻe he laui miliona ʻi māmani lahi ko e tohi ko eni kuo fuoloa hono fakahīkihikiʻí ʻoku ʻaonga ʻaupito ia ʻi he ʻahó ni pea ko e ‘tuhulu ia ki heʻenau laká mo e maama ki honau halá.’ (Sāme 119:105) Naʻe anga-fēfē ʻenau aʻu ki he fakamulituku ko iá? ʻE lāulea ki he meʻá ni ʻi he kupu hoko maí.