Tānaki Vai ʻUhá—Onoʻaho mo Onopooni
MEI HE TOKOTAHA-TOHI ʻĀ HAKE! ʻI ʻINITIA
ʻI HE laui mileniume ko e vai tatau pē kuo feviloʻakí, ʻo muimui ʻi he sīpinga fakanatula ʻo e liliu mao mei he māmaní mo e tahí, faʻu ʻo e ʻaó mo ʻene ngangana hifo ko e ʻuhá mo e sinoú. Ko e sisitemi fakaʻekonōmika ko ení ʻokú ne tokonaki ʻo lahi hake ʻi he vai feʻunga ki he tokotaha kotoa ʻi he māmaní. Ka ko e hā ʻoku ʻi ai ai ha fuʻu palopalema fakaevai lahi ʻokú ne fakafaingataʻaʻiaʻi ʻa e faʻahinga ʻo e tangatá? Ko e hā ʻa e ngaahi fakaleleiʻanga ʻoku ala fakahokó? ʻI he tali ki aí, tau sio angé ki he tuʻunga ʻo e vaí ʻi ʻInitiá.
ʻI ha tokolahi ʻo e kakaí ʻoku laka hake he toko taha pilioná, ʻoku ʻiloʻi ai ʻe ʻInitia ko hono ngaahi maʻuʻanga vaí kuo aʻu ia ki he tuʻunga fakatuʻutāmakí. ʻOku haʻu mei fē ʻa e vai ʻa ʻInitiá? ʻI he tokelau mamaʻó, ʻoku maʻu ʻa e vai ʻo e ngaahi vaitafé ʻi he taimi failaú mei he sinou mo e ngaahi fuʻu konga ʻaisi vaia ʻi he ʻOtu Moʻunga Himalaya. Ka ko e konga lahi taha ʻo ʻInitiá ʻoku nau fakafalala ki he matangi ʻuha fakataʻú ke ne fakaviviku ʻa e fonua mōmoá, fakafonu ʻa e ngaahi vaikelí mo e ngaahi anovaí pea ʻai ke aake mo e ngaahi vaitafe lalahi ʻoku fekolosiʻaki ʻi he fonuá. Ko e matangi ko eni ʻi ʻInitiá ʻoku taʻealavavaloʻi ia pea ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ko e “taha ʻi he ngaahi meʻa ʻilongataʻa fakamatalili tahá,” ʻa ia, “neongo ʻa e ngaahi fakalakalaka kotoa ʻi he tekinolosia ʻi onopōní, mei he satelaité ki he ngaahi fuʻu komipiuta mālohí . . . , ʻoku fakaʻohovale ʻa ʻene faingataʻa ke tomuʻa talá.”
Ko ha faʻahitaʻu matangi anga-maheni ʻoku lele ia ʻi he māhina ʻe tolu ki he fā, ka ʻi he ʻikai tō hokohoko ʻi he foʻi vahaʻa taimi kotoa ko iá, ko e lahi taha ʻo e ʻuhá ʻoku tō ia ʻi he ngaahi vahaʻa taimi nounou ʻi he tuʻunga ʻo e ʻuha lōvai. Ko hono olá, ʻoku fonu ai ʻa e ngaahi pā maka tauhiʻanga vaí pea kuo pau ai ke tukuange ki tuʻa ʻa e vaí. ʻOku hake ʻa e kauvai ʻo e ngaahi vaitafé, ʻo tāfea ai ʻa e ngaahi ngoué mo e ngaahi ʻapí. Koeʻuhi ko e hoko ʻa e ngaahi fokotuʻu ngāueʻanga mo e ngaahi fokotuʻu kolo ʻi onopōní ʻo mafolalahia ai ʻa hono fakaʻauha ʻo e vaotaá, ʻoku ʻikai ai faʻa ʻi ai ha ngaahi ʻuluʻakau feʻunga ke ne pukepuke ʻa e ʻuha mahuʻingá ʻi hono aká pea tuku ke ne fakaviviku māmālie ʻa e fonuá. Ko ia, ʻoku hanga ai ʻe he ngaahi ʻuha lōvaí ʻo tafiʻi ʻa e lauʻolunga ʻo e kelekelé, ʻo tekelei ai ʻa e fonuá. ʻOku tātānaki leva ʻa e kelé ʻi he ngaahi anovaí mo e ngaahi ano īkí, ʻo ʻai ai ia ke ʻikai loloto, pea siʻi ai ʻa e vai ʻoku nofo aí. ʻE lava ke pehē, ko ha konga lahi ʻo e vai ʻuha mahuʻingá ʻoku mole ia.
ʻOku ʻosi leva ʻa e faʻahitaʻu matangí. ʻI he toenga ʻo e taʻú, ʻoku laʻā ʻa e ʻaho kotoa, ʻo ʻomai ai ʻa e ngaahi māhina vela fakaʻulia! ʻOku vave ke pakukā ʻa e fonuá, pea ʻoku fefeka mo mafaʻafaʻa ʻa e kelekelé. Ko e ngaahi vaitafe taʻau mālohí ʻoku hoko ia ʻo tafe māmālie ʻi ha ngaahi tokaʻanga vaitafe fālahi ʻoneʻonea. ʻOku pulia ʻa e ngaahi vaitoó. Ko e ngaahi vaikelí ʻoku toe keli loloto ange ia ke ʻohake ʻa e vaí mei he ngaahi maka nofoʻanga vai ʻi lolofonuá, pea ʻoku māʻulalo ange ai ʻa e nofoʻanga vai ʻi he kelekelé. ʻI he siʻi ʻa e ʻuhá, ʻoku kamata leva ʻa e laʻalaʻaá, ʻikai ke lelei ʻa e ngoué, mate ʻa e fanga pulú pea hiki ʻa e kau nofo kolo īkí ki he ngaahi kolo lalahí, ʻo toe fakalahi ai ʻa e ngaahi palopalema fakaevai ʻi he kolo lahí.
Ka naʻe ʻikai ke pehē maʻu pē eni ia. ʻI he taimi fuoloá, naʻe ʻilo ʻe he kakai ʻo e tapa kotoa pē ʻo ʻInitiá ʻoku lelei ke ʻoua ʻe fakafalala tāfataha pē ki he ngaahi vaitafé mo e ngaahi anovaí, ʻa ia ʻe hoko ʻo pakupaku ʻi he ʻosi ko ia ʻa e ngaahi matangi ʻuhá. Naʻa nau poto ʻi hono tānaki ʻo e ʻuhá ʻi he feituʻu naʻe tō aí, ʻo ngāueʻaki ia ki he ngaahi fiemaʻu taupotu maí mo tauhi ki he taimi ʻe tuʻu ai ʻa e ʻuhá.
Ko e Fiemaʻu ki ha Tānaki Vai ʻUha he ʻAhó Ni
ʻE fakakaukau nai ha taha, ʻi he tekinolosia ʻi onopōní pea mo hono fokotuʻu ʻo e ngaahi fuʻu pā maka tauhiʻanga vai lalahí, ngaahi meʻa ʻoku faʻu ʻi he tafeʻanga vaí ke ne fakalahi mai ʻa e vaí mo e ngaahi fakatafenga vaí—ko e ngaahi meʻá ni kotoa ʻoku lahi ʻi ʻInitia—ʻe ʻikai fuʻu ʻi ai ha mahuʻingaʻia ia ʻi he ngaahi founga tānaki vai motuʻá. Ko hono moʻoní, naʻe ʻikai toe ngāueʻaki ʻa e lahi taha ʻo e ngaahi founga ko iá ʻi he taimi naʻe malava ai ke maʻu pē ʻe he kakaí ʻa e vaí mei ha paipa ʻi honau ʻapí pe koló. Ka ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e ʻuhinga ke fai ai ha hohaʻa. Ko e ngaahi ngāue lalahi ʻi hono tokangaʻi ʻo e vaí ʻi he taʻu ʻe 50 kuo maliu atú kuo ʻikai malava ia ke ne tauhi ʻa e ngaahi fiemaʻu tupulekina vave ʻa e kakaí pea mo e maliu vave mei ha sōsaieti naʻe meimei fakaengoue fakaʻaufulí ki ha sōsaieti fokotuʻu ngāueʻanga. Kuo ʻikai ke tānaki ha vai feʻunga ke ne feau ʻa e ngaahi fiemaʻu vai ʻa e fonuá.
ʻOku ongoʻi leva ʻe he faʻahinga ʻoku nau tokangaekina ʻa e ʻātakaí mo e kau maʻu mafai tokangá ʻa e fiemaʻu ke fakaʻaiʻai ʻa e kau fakafoʻituitui mai ki hono fakatolonga ʻo e vaí. Ko e tānaki vai ʻuhá ʻoku fakalototoʻaʻi ia ʻi he ngaahi ʻapí, ngaahi fale ngāué, ʻapiakó pea ʻi ha feituʻu pē ʻoku lava ai ʻi ha tuʻunga siʻisiʻi ʻa hono tauhi ʻo e vaí. Ko hono moʻoní, kuo ʻai ʻe he ngaahi kolo mo e ngaahi siteiti lahi ko ha meʻa pau ia ki he ngaahi langa foʻoú ke ʻi ai ʻenau ngaahi meʻa tānakiʻanga vai ʻuha!
ʻOku laui miliona ʻa e lita vai ʻuha ʻoku tō ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu ʻa ia ʻoku ʻikai taki ai ia ki hano tauhiʻanga ka ʻoku mimisi pē ia ʻe he laʻaá pe tafe ki tahi. Kae kehe, ʻi he tānaki vai ʻuhá—ʻa ia ʻoku fakatuʻunga ʻi he foʻi fakakaukau ʻo hono tānaki ʻo e vaí ʻi he feituʻu ʻoku tō aí—ʻoku tānaki ai ʻa e vaí ʻe he faʻahinga tāutaha. Pea ʻi he ʻikai hangē ko e vai mei he ngaahi pā maká mo e ngaahi fakatafengá, ʻa ia kuo pau ke fai ha fakamole ki ai pea ʻoku hoko ko ha kavenga mamafa ki he masivá, ko e vai ko ení ʻoku taʻetotongi!
Tāimuʻa
Ko ia ai, ʻoku tokolahi ʻa e kakai mahuʻingaʻia ʻi ʻInitia ʻoku nau kau ʻi he fakatolonga vaí. Kuo fakamālōʻiaʻi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga ʻa e niʻihi ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi pale, ʻo hangē ko e tuʻunga ʻo Rajendra Singh, ʻa ia naʻá ne maʻu ʻa e Pale Magsaysay tuʻu-ki-muʻa ki he langa fakalakalaka fakakolo ʻi he 2001. ʻI heʻene ngāue ʻi ha kautaha, ʻikai ko ha kautaha ʻa e puleʻangá, ʻa ia naʻá ne fokotuʻu, naʻe ʻai ai ʻe Singh ʻo lele ʻa e Vaitafe Aravari ne meimei tuʻú ʻi he siteiti ko Rajasthan, ko ha tokoni taimi totonu ki ha siteiti ʻa ia ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e peseti ʻe 8 ʻo e kakai ʻo e fonuá pea peseti pē ʻe 1 hono ngaahi maʻuʻanga vaí. ʻI ha foʻi vahaʻa taimi ko e taʻu ʻe 15, naʻe tō ai ʻe he kulupu ʻa Singh ʻa e ʻulu ʻakau mo fokotuʻu ʻa e ngaahi tangikē ʻe 3,500—ko e johads tukufakaholo ki hono tānaki ʻo e vaí—ʻo ʻomai ai ha tuʻunga lakalakaimonū ki he kakai ʻo e koló. ʻOku ngāue ʻa e niʻihi ki hono tānaki ʻo e vaí, neongo ʻa e ʻikai fakatokangaʻi ʻe he tokolahi, ka ʻoku nau fiemālie ʻi hono ʻiloʻi ʻoku nau fai ha tokoní.
ʻOku sio ʻa e kau taki ʻo e ngaahi ngāueʻangá ki he ngaahi ʻaonga ʻo e tānaki vai ʻuhá ʻi heʻene fakalahi ʻa e ngaahi tokonakiʻanga vai ʻo e kolo lalahí. ʻI ha fale ngāue ʻi he ngataʻanga ʻo Bangalore, ʻi he feituʻu fakatonga ʻo ʻInitiá, naʻe fokotuʻu ai ha founga faingofua mo ʻikai totongi mamafa ʻo e tānaki vai mei he ʻató. Ko e vai ʻuha, ʻa ia naʻe faʻa mahua atu ki he hala lahí ʻo mole aí, ʻoku taki ia ki ha tangikē lita ʻe 42,000. Lolotonga ʻa e matangí, ko e lita ʻe 6,000 ʻi he ʻaho ʻo e vai naʻe tānakí ʻoku sivi ia ke fufuluʻaki ʻa e ngaahi meʻa ʻaiʻanga meʻakaí pea mo e kenitini ʻa e fale ngāué. ʻOku ʻikai ha vai ʻe toʻo mei he vai ʻa e koló ki he ngaahi taumuʻa ko ení.
Te ke pehē nai, ‘ka ʻoku ʻikai ke mavivi ai ha meʻa ia.’ Ka ke fakaʻuta atu ʻoku ʻi ai haʻo ʻakauni pangikē ʻa ia ʻoku tānaki ki ai ha paʻanga tuʻo taha ʻi he taʻu. Ki hoʻo ngaahi fiemaʻu fakaʻahó, kuo pau ai ke ke toho hoʻo ʻakauní, kae faifai atu pē ʻoku lahi hoʻo tohó ʻaʻau ʻi he meʻa ʻoku fakahū ki aí. ʻE hoko ʻo ke moʻua ʻi ha ʻaho. Ka ʻo kapau ʻi ha ngaahi māhina siʻi ʻo e taʻú, ʻokú ke maʻu ai ha ngāue ʻo lahi ʻa e vāhengá ʻi he meʻa feʻunga ki hono fakaai hoʻo ngaahi fiemaʻu fakaʻahó, ʻe ʻi ai leva ai ha faingamālie ki hoʻo ʻakauní ke ʻaluʻalu hake. Sai, ngāueʻaki ʻa e tefitoʻi moʻoni ko ení ki he fakatolonga vaí. Liuliunga hoʻo kiʻi tātānakí fakataha mo e tātānaki ʻa e laui miliona kehé, pea ko e hā te mou maʻú? Toe fonu ʻa e ngaahi matavaí, māʻolunga ʻa e nofoʻanga vai ʻi he kelekelé, fonu ʻa e ngaahi maka nofoʻanga vai ʻi lolofonuá pea mo ha tokonaki vai ke hanga ki ai ʻi he taimi ʻe ʻosi ai ʻa e “vāhenga” ʻi he tuʻunga ko e tānaki vai ʻuhá. Manatuʻi ʻoku fakangatangata ʻa e vai ʻoku ala maʻú; ʻe ʻikai lava ha fakamoʻua ʻi he ʻikai ʻi ai ha vaí.
Ko e Fakaleleiʻanga Tuʻuloá
ʻOku hulu ʻa e tokonaki hotau foʻi palanité ki hono kau nofoʻangá. Kae kehe, ʻi he faai mai ʻa e ngaahi senitulí ko e mānumanu mo e sio nounou ʻa e tangatá kuo fakatupunga ai ʻa e ngaahi tuʻunga fakaenofo fakatupu maumau ki he laui miliona ʻo e kau nofo ʻi he māmaní. Neongo ʻa e ngaahi feinga ʻa e faʻahinga tāutaha loto-totonú, ʻoku hā mahino ʻoku ʻikai maʻu ʻe he tangatá ʻa e mālohi ke toʻo fakaʻaufuli ʻa e ngaahi palopalema fakaeʻātakai ʻo e foʻi māmaní. Ko e meʻa fakafiefiá he kuo talaʻofaʻaki ʻe he Tokotaha-Fakatupu ʻo e māmaní ke “fakaʻauha ʻakinautolu ʻoku fakaʻauha ʻa e fonua,” pea ke fakafoki ʻa e tuʻunga palanisi ʻo e vilo ʻa e vaí, koeʻuhi ke “tubu i he toafa ae gaahi vai, moe gaahi vaitafe i he botu lala.” Ko e moʻoni, “e hoko ae kelekele momoa koe anovai, moe fonua fie inu koe gaahi matavai.” Ko ha tānaki vai ʻuha fakaivifoʻou moʻoni ʻe hokó!—Fakahā 11:18; Aisea 35:6, 7, PM.
[Puha/Fakatātā ʻi he peesi 25]
Fakaake ʻa e Ngaahi Founga Tānaki Vai ʻUha Motuʻá
VAI MEI HE ʻATÓ: Faingofua mo maʻamaʻa. Ko e kiʻi fakatahifo ʻa e ʻató ʻoku fakaʻatā ai ʻa e vaí ke lele hifo ki he ngaahi fakatali, ngaahi paipa fakatali pea ʻalu ai ki he ngaahi talamu kuo ʻosi ngaohi makehe ki ai. Ko e ngaahi meʻasivi ko e konga uaea, ʻoneʻone, patapata mo e malalá ʻoku fakamaʻa ai ʻa e vaí. ʻOku taki ia ki ha ngaahi luo ʻi lolofonua pe ko ha ngaahi tangikē he fukahi kelekelé. Ko e ngaahi tangikeé ʻoku silaʻi ke taʻofi mei ai ʻa e ʻeá, laʻaá mo e fanga kiʻi meʻamoʻuí; ko hono ngāueʻaki ʻo e alum ʻoku fakasiʻisiʻi ai ʻa e kelé; pea ko e efuefu fufulú (bleach) ʻokú ne tāmateʻi ʻa e pekitīliá. Ko e vai ko ení ʻoku malava ke ngāueʻaki ia ki he ngoué, falemālōloó mo e foó. Ko hano toe fakamaʻa lahi angé ʻe malava ai ke ngāueʻaki ki he inú. Ko e vai ʻoku hulu mei aí ʻe malava ke tānaki ia ki he ngaahi vaikelí pe taki ki lolofonua ke ne fakakake ʻa e nofoʻanga vai ʻi he kelekelé. Ko e founga fakakolo manakoa tahá eni.
NAULAS: Ngaahi ʻā maka ʻoku langa ʻi ha kiʻi vaitafe ke ne taʻofi ʻa e vaí. Ko e ngaahi fuʻu ʻakau fakamalumalu ʻoku tō ʻi he tafatafaʻakí ʻokú ne fakasiʻisiʻi ʻa e mimisi ʻe he laʻaá, pea ko e fanga kiʻi ʻakau faitoʻo ʻoku laku ki he fanga kiʻi tauhiʻanga vaí ʻoku fakamaʻa ai ʻa e vaí.
TANGIKĒ FAKAAVAAVA, RAPATS: Fanga kiʻi tangikē iiki ʻoku fokotuʻu ʻi he kelekele touʻoné pe makamaká ke ne tānaki ʻa e vai ʻuhá. Ko e konga ʻo e vaí ʻoku ngāueʻaki, ka ko e toengá ʻoku hūhū māmālie hifo ia ki he ngaahi maka nofoʻanga vai ʻi lolofonuá, ʻa ia ʻoku fakafonu ai ʻa e ngaahi vaikelí.
BHANDARAS: Ngaahi tangikē ʻi lolofonua ʻoku fokotuʻu ke ne tānaki ʻa e vai mei he ngaahi tufú, ʻo taki ia ki ha ngaahi tangikē tānakiʻanga vai ki hono ngāueʻaki ʻe he koló.
QANATS: Ngaahi fuʻu luo lele ki lalo ʻi he ngaahi feituʻu tafungofungá ke ne tānaki ʻa e vai ʻuhá. ʻOku tānaki ʻa e vaí ʻi ha ngaahi takinga vai ʻi lolofonua ʻa ia ʻoku ʻave ai ia ʻe he kalāvité ʻi ha vaha lōloa ki he ngaahi vaikeli tānakiʻanga vaí.
NGAAHI TANGIKĒ FENGĀUEʻAKI: Ngaahi tangikē ʻoku hake ki tuʻa ki ha ʻotu tangikē māʻulalo ange ke ne tānaki ʻa e vai ʻuha ʻoku haʻu ʻi he ngaahi fakatalí.
[Maʻuʻanga]
Anga-Lelei ʻa: S. Vishwanath, Rainwater Club, Bangalore, India
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 23]
UN/DPI Photo by Evan Schneider
[Maʻuʻanga ʻo e Tā ʻi he peesi 24]
UN/DPI Photo by Evan Schneider