Meʻa Vaʻinga Pē?

NAʻE ngaohi ia ʻe he kau ʻIsipité mei he fanga kiʻi lauʻi papa, ko e kau Siapaní ne nau ngaohi ia mei he lauʻipepa kuo ʻosi pelupelu, ko e kau Siamané ʻaki ʻa e meʻa maká, pea ko e kau ʻEsikimó mei he kiliʻi silá. ʻOku tānaki ia ʻe he kakai lalahí. ʻOku saiʻia ai ʻa e fānaú. Ko e hā ia? Ko e fanga kiʻi tamapuá.

ʻOku fakahaaʻi ʻe he World Book Encyclopedia: “Ko e lahi taha ʻo e fanga kiʻi kakai faʻu hangē ha tamapuá mei he muʻaki ngaahi taimí ko e fanga kiʻi meʻa faimana ia pe fakalotu ʻo ʻikai ko e ngaahi meʻa vaʻinga.” Ko e kau ʻIsipite ʻo e kuonga muʻá naʻa nau vali ʻa e sīpinga ʻo e valá ki he fanga kiʻi kongokonga papa hangē ha meʻa ʻaʻaló pea teuteuʻi ʻaki ia ʻa e fanga kiʻi afo kula ʻumea naʻe ʻai ko e louʻulu. Naʻa nau tuku ʻa e “fanga kiʻi tamapua ʻaʻalo” ko ení ʻi he ngaahi fonualoto ʻo ʻenau kau maté ʻi he tui ʻe ngāue ʻa e fanga kiʻi tamapuá ko e kau sevāniti ʻi he moʻui hili ʻa e maté. Ko e kakai faisāuni ʻi he Uesi ʻInitesí naʻa nau hoka ʻa e fanga kiʻi pine ʻi he fanga kiʻi tamapua fakalouʻakau ʻi he fakaʻamu ke hoko ai ha maumau ki honau ngaahi filí.

ʻI he ngaahi anga fakafonua lahi naʻe fakafekauʻaki ai ʻa e fanga kiʻi tamapuá mo e ngaahi ouau fakafanaú. Hangē ko ení, ʻi Kalisi ʻo e kuonga muʻá, ʻi he taimi nounou ki muʻa ke mali ʻa e tamaiki fefiné naʻa nau tuku ai ʻenau ngaahi tamapuá ʻi ha ʻōlita kia ʻĀtemisi, ko e ʻotua fefine ʻo e fakafanaú. ʻI he ʻahó ni ko e kakai fefine mei he matakali Ashanti ʻi Kana, ʻAfilika, ʻoku nau haʻihaʻi ha tamapua ʻi honau kongalotó ʻi he ʻamanaki ʻe tokoniʻi ai kinautolu ke nau maʻu ha fānau fakaʻofoʻofa. Ko e tamaiki fefine ʻe niʻihi ʻi Sīlia ʻoku nau tautau ʻa e fanga kiʻi tamapua ʻi honau matapā sioʻatá ke fakahaaʻi ʻaki ʻoku nau ʻosi taʻu feʻunga ki he malí.

ʻI Maʻasi 3 ʻi he taʻu taki taha, ʻoku ngāueʻaki ai ʻa e ngaahi tamapuá ʻi ha kātoanga ʻi Siapani ʻoku ui ko e Hina Matsuri, pe Kātoanga Tamapua. ʻOku toe ʻiloa eni ko e kātoanga maʻá e tamaiki fefiné, ʻa ia ko e “haʻu ia mei he ngaahi anga fakafonua kehekehe,” ko e lau ia ʻa e Japan—An Illustrated Encyclopedia. “Ko e kātoanga ʻe taha ko ha ouau fakamaʻa faka-Siaina ia naʻe fai ʻi ha veʻe vaitafe ʻi he konga ki muʻa ʻo e māhina luna hono tolú. Lolotonga ʻa e vahaʻa taimi Heian (794-1185) ʻoku ui mai ai ʻe he kau nofo ʻi he lotoʻā fakatuʻí ha kau talotalo ʻi he ʻaho hono tolu ʻo e māhina hono tolú ke nau toʻo ʻa e ʻuli ʻiate kinautolú, ʻo ʻave ia ki he ngaahi fakatātā ʻi ha pepa . . . , ʻa ia naʻe lī ki he vaitafé pe ki tahi.”

Tamapua ko e Ngaahi Meʻa Vaʻinga

Lolotonga ʻa e vahaʻa taimi Edo ʻi Siapaní (1603-1867), ko e ngaahi tamapua naʻe ngaohi ʻo fakataumuʻa pē maʻá e fānaú naʻe ngaohi ia ke hā tatau mo e kakai moʻoni pea naʻe ngaohi mo honau teunga kehekehe. Ko e ngaahi kalasi kehe ʻo e tamapuá naʻe ngaohi ia ke ngaue holo ʻi hono ngāueʻaki ʻa e keipolo, sipilingi, puloka mo e ngaahi kia faʻu mei he papá. Ko e kalasi ʻe taha naʻe aʻu ʻo lava ke ne toʻo ha ipu tī ki ha tokotaha fakaafe pea foki mo e ipu mahá!

ʻI he ngaahi fonua he Hihifó ki muʻa ʻi he 1700 tupú, “ko e tuʻunga kei siʻí hangē ko ia ʻoku tau ʻiloʻí naʻe ʻikai ke ʻi ai moʻoni ia,” ko e lau ia ʻa e ʻenisaikolopētia ʻe taha. “Ko e fānaú naʻe vakai kia kinautolu ko e fanga kiʻi kakai lalahi pea naʻe ʻamanekina ke nau ngāue ʻo tatau mo e kakai lalahí.” Naʻe ngaohi ʻa e ngaahi tamapua ki he kakai lalahí ʻo tatau pē mo e fānaú. Kae kehe, lolotonga ʻa e 1800 tupú, naʻe ʻiloʻi ai ʻa e mahuʻinga ʻo e taimi vaʻingá ʻi he tupu hake ʻa e fānaú. Ko hono olá, naʻe tupu lahi ai ʻa e ngaohiʻanga tamapuá ʻi ʻIulope.

ʻI he konga ki muʻa ʻo e 1824, naʻe fuofua faʻu ai ʻe he kau ngaohi tamapua Siamané ha meʻangāue naʻe ʻai ai ʻenau ngaahi tamapuá ke lea “mama” mo e “papa.” Ki mui ʻi he lolotonga ʻo e senituli ko iá naʻa nau faʻu ai ha ngaahi tamapua naʻe luelue. Ko e tokotaha ʻAmelika ʻilo meʻa foʻou ko Thomas Edison naʻe aʻu ʻo ne faʻu ha kiʻi meʻa tā fasi valevale naʻe ʻai ai ʻa e ngaahi tamapua ʻe niʻihi ke hā ʻoku nau talanoa. ʻI he taimi ko ení, naʻe ngaohi ai ʻe he kau Falaniseé ha tamapua naʻe ui ko e Bébé Gourmand, ʻa ia naʻe lava ke kai. Naʻe toe ʻiloa ʻa e kau Falaniseé ʻi he ākenga ʻo ʻenau ngaahi tamapuá, ʻa ia naʻe fakatau atu ia ʻoku ʻosi fakatui ai ʻa e ngaahi teunga fakaʻofoʻofa. Naʻe lava ke fakatau mai ʻe he tokotaha ʻoku ʻaʻaná maʻá e ngaahi tamapua ko ení ʻa e ngaahi meʻa teuteu hangē ko e ngaahi helu, fulufuluʻi manu, ngaahi ī mo ha ngaahi meʻa pē naʻe fiemaʻu.

Ne mātā ʻi he senituli hono 20 ha tupu lahi fakaʻulia ʻi hono ngaohi ʻo e tamapuá. ʻI he 1940 tupú ko hono ngāueʻaki ʻo e pelesitikí naʻe lava ai ʻa e kau ngaohi tamapuá ke faʻu ha ngaahi tamapua maʻamaʻa kae ʻosi fakanaunau kakato. Ko e tamapua pelesitiki ko e Barbie kuo manakoa taha ʻi he ngaohiʻanga tamapuá talu hono ʻuluaki fakatau atu ʻi he 1959. Kuo fakatau atu ʻa e tamapua pehē laka hake he taha pilioná, pea ʻi he taʻu 1997 pē, naʻe maʻu ai ʻe he faʻahinga naʻa nau ngaohí ʻa e $1.8 piliona (ʻAmelika).

Ngaahi Tamapua Faiako

Ke akoʻi ʻenau fānaú fekauʻaki mo honau ngaahi ʻotua fakamatakalí, ko e kau ʻInitia Pueblo ʻo e tonga-hihifo ʻo ʻAmeliká naʻa nau ngāueʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tamapua kachina, naʻe tongi mei he akaʻi kakatisí pe painí. Lolotonga ha kātoanga makehe, ʻoku tui teunga ai ha mēmipa ʻo e matakalí pea ngāue ʻo hangē ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi ʻotuá. Hili iá, naʻe ʻoange ʻe he ongo mātuʻá ha tamapua hangē hono sīpingá ko ha ʻotuá ki heʻena fānaú koeʻuhi ke nau hoko ai ʻo maheni mo e ʻotuá ʻi heʻenau vaʻingaʻakí.

Ko e ngaahi tamapuá ʻoku nau “ʻomai ha founga ke fakahaaʻi ai ʻa e ngaahi ongoʻi mamahi, ʻita mo e ngaahi ongoʻi kehe ʻa ha kiʻi leka,” ko e lau ia ʻa e World Book Encyclopedia. “Ko hono vaʻingaʻaki ʻa e ngaahi tamapuá ʻoku ʻai ai ke malava ʻa e fānaú ʻo ʻahiʻahiʻi ʻa e ngaahi fatongia ʻoku nau fakaʻamua ke fakahoko ʻi heʻenau lalahí.” Ko e tamapua ʻe taha naʻe fakaʻaliʻali lolotonga ʻa e ʻAho Kātoanga ʻa e Fānaú naʻe fai maʻu pē ʻi he māhina ko Meé ʻi Siapani ʻoku fakahaaʻi ai ha kiʻi talavou ʻokú ne tui ha teunga tau kakato ʻo ha tangata toʻa ʻi he kuonga muʻá. ʻOku ngāueʻaki ʻa e tamapuá ko ha faʻifaʻitakiʻanga ke fakaʻaiʻai ai ʻa e tamaiki tangatá ke nau tupu hake—fakatatau ki he tōʻonga fakafonuá—ko e ngaahi mēmipa mālohi mo fakaʻapaʻapaʻi ʻi he sōsaietí.

Koeʻuhi ko e haʻi fakaeongo ʻi he vahaʻa ʻo e fānaú mo ʻenau ngaahi tamapuá, ʻe vakai fakamātoato ai ʻa e ngaahi mātuʻa fakapotopotó ki he tākiekina ʻoku fai nai ʻe he ngaahi tamapuá ki he tupu hake ʻenau kiʻi tamá. Ko e fakatātaá, ʻoku tui ʻa e niʻihi ko e fōtunga fakaesino mo e lahi fau ʻo e vala ʻo e ngaahi tamapua makehe ʻe fakatupu maumau nai ia ki he tamaiki fefiné. ʻOku taukaveʻi ʻe he tokotaha fakaanga ʻe taha ko e ngaahi tamapua ko iá ʻe lava ke nau fakameleʻi ʻa e “fanga kiʻi tamaiki fefiné ʻaki hono fakaʻaiʻai ke nau tokanga ange ki honau fōtungá ʻi honau ʻulungāangá.”

Ko e meʻa ʻoku hā mahino ki ha taha pē kuó ne sio ki he vaʻinga ʻa e fānaú mo ha tamapua, ʻo tatau ai pē pe naʻe ngaohi mei he tupenú, pepá, papá, pelesitikí, pe ko ha toe naunau kehe, ʻoku ʻikai ko ha meʻa vaʻinga pē ia. Ko ha kaumeʻa ia, ko ha kaungā vaʻinga, ko ha kaumeʻa fekoekoeʻi ʻa ia kuo nau feohi mo ia ʻi heʻenau kei leká.

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Kamata ke Toe Mahuʻingaʻia ʻi he Tamapua Motuʻá

Kuo hoko ʻa e tānaki ʻo e tamapuá ko ha meʻa mātuʻaki manakoa ia. ʻI he 1970 tupú, naʻe hoko ia ʻo manakoa ʻaupito, ʻo tupu ai ha pisinisi fakavahaʻapuleʻanga. Ko e kau tānaki tamapuá ʻoku nau kumi ki he ngaahi tamapua pelesitiki totongi maʻamaʻa ʻoku paʻanga siʻisiʻi pē hono mahuʻingá pe ko e ngaahi tamapua hāhāmolofia hangē ko e ngaahi tamapua Kämmer mo e Reinhardt. ʻI hono ngaohi ʻi Siamane ʻi he konga ki muʻa ʻo e 1900 tupú, naʻe fakatau atu ʻa e taha ʻo e ngaahi tamapuá ni ʻi ha fakatautuki ki he tola ʻAmelika ʻe $277,500! Ko e taha ʻo e ngaahi tānakiʻanga tamapua lahi tahá—naʻe fai ia ʻi he Mesiume Vaʻinga Fakafonua ko e Strong ʻi he kolo ko Rochester, Niu ʻIoke, ʻAmelika—ʻoku ʻi ai ʻa e tamapua nai ʻe 12,000.

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Tamapuá—ʻUhinga ke Tokanga Ai ʻa e Ngaahi Mātuʻá

ʻE lava fēfē ke maluʻi ʻe he ngaahi mātuʻá ʻenau fānaú mei he tākiekina fakatupu maumau ʻe ala hoko mei he ngaahi tamapua ʻe niʻihi? Naʻe lāunga ʻa e Washington Post: “ʻI he hangē ko ia naʻe faʻa fai ʻi he ngaahi ngaohiʻanga tapaká, ko e ngaahi pisinisi ki he ngaahi meʻa fakafiefiá mo e meʻa vaʻingá ʻoku nau fakaʻikaiʻi fakalūkufua haʻanau kaunga ki ha meʻa ʻe taha pea ʻoku ngalingali heʻikai liliu ʻenau foungá.” ʻOku hā mahino, ʻoku fiemaʻu ke tali ʻe he ngaahi mātuʻá ʻa e fatongia ko iá.

ʻOku fekauʻi ʻe he Tohi Tapú ʻa e ngaahi mātuʻá ke nau ʻoange ki he fānaú ʻa e fakahinohino lelei fakaʻaho. (Teutalonome 6:6-9; Palovepi 22:6) ʻE lava fēfē ke fai ia ʻi ha founga ke maluʻi ai e fānaú mei he tākiekina ala fakatupu maumau ʻa e ngaahi tamapua ʻe niʻihi? ʻOku pehē ʻe he faʻē ʻe taha ʻokú ne lautohi ki heʻene taʻahiné ʻo fekauʻaki mo e vala fakanānaá, hangē ko ia ʻoku fakamatalaʻi ʻi he 1 Timote 2:9, pea fakaʻuhinga mo ia ʻo fekauʻaki mo e valá. Ko ʻena fetalanoaʻakí naʻe hangē nai ko ení:

Faʻē: ʻOku hangē ʻa e ngaahi tamapua ko ení ko e hā, ko ha kiʻi leka pe ko ha fefine?

Taʻahine: Ko ha fefine.

Faʻē: Ko e hā ʻokú ke pehē ai ko ha fefiné?

Taʻahine: Koeʻuhí ʻoku tatau honau sinó mo e sino ʻo e kakai fefine lalahí, pea ko honau valá mo e suú ko e vala mo e sū ia ʻo e kakai fefiné.

Faʻē: Ko ia. Pea ʻi he hili ʻeta lautohi ko ia ʻi he Tohi Tapú, ʻokú ke pehē ko e vala ʻoku tui ʻe he ngaahi tamapua ko ení ko e faʻahinga vala ia ʻoku totonu ke tui ʻe he Kalisitiané?

Taʻahine: ʻIkai.

Faʻē: Ko e hā hono ʻuhingá?

Taʻahine: Koeʻuhí ʻoku fuʻu nounou ʻa e pivá, . . . pea ko e fanga kiʻi soté ʻoku fuʻu ava ʻa e fatafatá, . . . pea ʻoku pipiki ʻa e tupenú ki honau sinó.

Ko e moʻoni, ko hono akoʻi ki hoʻo fānaú ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni fakaʻotuá koeʻuhi ke nau aʻu ai ki ha fakamulituku pehē ʻoku fiemaʻu ki ai ʻa e feinga. Ka ʻoku mahuʻinga ia! Kuo maʻu ʻaonga ʻa e ngaahi mātuʻa tokolahi mei he tokoni kuo ʻomai ʻi he tohi Ako mei he Faiako Lahí, ʻoku pulusi ʻe he Kau Fakamoʻoni ʻa Sihová ke tokoniʻi ʻaki ʻa e ngaahi mātuʻá ke nau fakahūhū ʻa e ngaahi tefitoʻi moʻoni fakaʻotuá ki heʻenau fānaú.

ʻOku fakaafeʻi atu koe ke ke maʻu ha tatau ʻo e tohi fakatātā peesi 256 ko ení ʻaki hoʻo tohi ki he Jehovah’s Witnesses, PO Box 75142, Manurewa, Manukau 2243, New Zealand. Fakahaaʻi ai te ke saiʻia ke maʻu ha tatau ʻo e Ako mei he Faiako Lahí.

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Tamapua Siapani ʻokú ne ʻave ʻa e tií

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Tamapua Falanisē ko e Bru

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ʻI ʻolungá: © SHOBEI Tamaya IX; loto mālie: Courtesy, Strong National Museum of Play, Rochester, New York; ʻi lalo: © Christie’s Images Ltd